Current diabetes reviews最新文献

Background and aim: Albuminuria in Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients may lead to nephropathy and end-stage renal disease. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of albuminuria and its associated predictors among type 2 DM patients in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 DM patients in the diabetic clinic at Fujairah Hospital from 1st January 2016 to 30th January 2020 after getting the ethical clearance. Data were collected electronically from the health information system and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Regression analysis and ANOVA were used for inferential analysis. A P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Among the 200 patients included in the study, the mean age of the study population was 56 years, and the majority of them were females (71%). The prevalence of albuminuria was found to be 44%. By using regression analysis, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P=0.038) and systolic blood pressure (SBP; P=0.003) were found to be predictors of albuminuria. One way ANOVA revealed that there were significant associations between the albumin levels and HbA1c (P=0.004), SBP (P= 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P=0.028), serum creatinine (Scr) (P=0.039), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; P=0.013).

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study from Fujairah emirate that explored the prevalence and predictors of albuminuria in type 2 DM patients. We found a high prevalence of albuminuria among type 2 DM patients. HbA1c and SBP directly contributed to albuminuria. To improve glycemic control, patients need to improve physical activity, reduce overweight and, adherence to medications that improve overall therapeutic outcomes.

Introduction: Medicago sativa (M. sativa), commonly known as Alfalfa, is a herb from the Fabaceae family that has a long history of being used to treat digestive, diabetic, and blood disorders, as well as to support liver health. The objective was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extract of M. sativa (EEMS) on wounds in normal rats or alloxan hydrate-induced diabetic rats.

Method: The wounds were created by excision (n=30) and incision (n=30) in rats. The Group II-V were diabetic rats treated with simple ointment BP, 10% weight-based povidone-iodine (10% PI), ointment of 5% w/w EEMS (5% w/w OEEMS), and 10% w/w EEMS (10% w/w OEEMS). Group 1 acted as a control and was treated with simple ointment BP. The wound area in the diabetic control groups was 292.33±0.8 mm sq. on the 18th day.

Results: Rats treated with 10% PI, 5% OEEMS, and 10% OEEMS showed a significant reduction in wound area of 68.33±1.29, 248.33±1.30, and 61±1.91 mm sq., respectively, on the 18th day as compared to the control group. Rats treated with 10% PI, 5% w/w OEEMS, and 10% w/w OEEMS showed a significant increment in wound-breaking strength, respectively, as compared to diabetic rats on day 10 in the incision wound model.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the OEEMS has potent wound-healing properties in diabetic rats.

Diabetic-related complications, such as delayed and incomplete wound healing, are an increasing concern in the realm of public health. Ferroptosis represents an innovative variant of cellular demise. Ferroptosis is currently thought to be an essential factor in the process of diabetic wound recovery. This article, therefore, examines the novel function and mechanism of ferroptosis in the repair of diabetic wounds. Diabetic hyperglycemia can induce a healing process that disrupts the function and activity of cells, thereby impeding the repair of diabetic wounds. Ferroptosis may be accelerated in diabetic lesions due to protracted low-level inflammation and oxidative stress induced by elevated glucose, according to the available evidence. As a result, the buildup of ferroptosis impedes cellular migration and proliferation, amplifies oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, and ultimately interferes with the wound-healing process. By regulating the expression of factors linked to iron mortality, this substance expedites wound healing and fosters angiogenesis in diabetic rodents. Moreover, new perspectives on the difficulties and outlooks related to ferroptosis in the context of diabetic wound healing are provided, thereby contributing to the progression of understanding in this field.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and circulating biomarkers in diabetes, with a focus on early detection and effective management strategies.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using the ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases up to December 2024. Key search terms included "diabetes," "sarcopenia," "HbA1c", "glucose," "insulin," and specific biomarkers such as inflammatory markers, adipokines, and myokines.

Results: Aging is associated with a decline in organ and bodily system functionality, with sarcopenia being particularly prominent due to its progressive loss of muscle mass and function. This condition increases health risks and mortality in the elderly. Muscles, as the primary consumers of glucose, play a crucial role in glucose uptake; reduced mass can exacerbate insulin resistance. Sarcopenia and diabetes share common pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular complications. Circulating biomarkers, crucial for diabetes management, may offer insights into the early stages of sarcopenia.

Conclusion: The complex relationship between sarcopenia and diabetes, influenced by shared pathophysiological pathways, presents challenges in geriatric healthcare. Circulating biomarkers hold promise for early detection and monitoring of sarcopenia, potentially enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research is necessary to validate these connections and develop targeted treatments for individuals affected by these conditions.

The connection between COVID-19 and DM unveils a multifaceted interplay that significantly impacts disease severity and management strategies. Initial studies reveal that people with DM had higher severity rates of COVID-19 due to the infection by SARS-CoV-2. The virus solely induces hyperglycemia and, at the same time, profoundly influences the immune and inflammatory reactions, increasing the rate of severe complications and death among diabetes patients. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms behind this interplay is critical for effective treatment. Furthermore, COVID-19 also brings new factors to the equation of managing diabetes. Although the virus thoroughly relies on the ACE2 receptor for viral entry, DPP4 is a substitute receptor. However, glucose-lowering DPP4 inhibitors provide only a minor association with COVID-19 vulnerability. Also, the SGLT2 inhibitors are contraindicated in certain conditions with COVID-19, and hence, insulin is generally recommended as a first-line treatment for acute glycemic control in hospitalized or critically ill COVID-19 patients, particularly those with severe hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis. COVID-19-associated aggravating factors, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and neuropathy, predispose people with diabetes to severe conditions. Thus, it is important to explore this speculation, and the present review aims to understand this complex interaction during patient care models and specify the therapeutic approaches to address this problematic convergence of two substantial health concerns.

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn from the journal " Current Diabetes Review ".

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham science disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent metabolic disorder linked to chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which contributes to the development of microvascular complications (MVCs) such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic neuropathy (DN). Genetic factors, including variations in the ABO gene, may influence these complications. This study aimed to investigate the association between the ABO rs2073823 polymorphism and the risk of MVCs in patients with T2D, as well as its impact on inflammatory biomarkers, endothelial markers, and lipid profiles.

Materials and methods: We conducted an exploratory study involving 96 T2D Iraqi patients (Asian Arabic), examining the distribution of the ABO rs2073823 polymorphism and its correlation with MVCs. We assessed levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, sE-selectin, sP-selectin), glycemic markers, renal function biomarkers, and lipid profiles. Adjustment was made for confounding factors including age, gender, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and hypertension.

Results: Among the participants, 75% had MVCs, including DR (42%) and DN (65%). The ABO rs2073823 "A/A" genotype was associated with a reduced risk of MVCs under co-dominant (OR=0.16, p=0.045) and recessive models (OR=0.14, p=0.031). This protective effect remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors (OR=0.11, p=0.022). The "A/A" genotype was also linked to lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and sP-selectin. Patients with MVCs exhibited significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and sP-selectin.

Conclusion: The ABO rs2073823 polymorphism, particularly the "A/A" genotype, is associated with a decreased risk of MVCs in T2D patients and influences lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers. These findings suggest a genetic basis for the susceptibility to MVCs and highlight the role of the ABO gene in modulating inflammation and endothelial function in T2D. Further research is needed to validate these associations and explore potential therapeutic implications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize scientific evidence on the influence of health literacy and numerical knowledge on self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose.

Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines and the principles of the Joanna Briggs Institute, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, OPENGREY, and NDLTD. The review included studies published in any language that examined the relationship between HL, numeracy, and SMBG.

Results: A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies utilized various assessment tools, such as the Brief Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (B-TOFHLA) and the Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNT-15), to evaluate health literacy and numeracy levels. The findings revealed a significant association between adequate HL and numeracy and improved SMBG practices. Specifically, individuals with sufficient health literacy were more likely to monitor their blood glucose levels regularly and make appropriate treatment adjustments based on their readings.

Conclusion: The results indicated that numeracy skills and health literacy are critical determinants of effective SMBG, influencing the frequency and accuracy of self-care practices in diabetes management. These findings highlight the urgent need for educational interventions tailored to enhance these skills, which could lead to improved health outcomes for individuals with diabetes.

Objectives: Owing to the existing evidence of the implication of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the present study aims to investigate the correlation of serum total antioxidant status (TAS) with comorbidities, various biochemical parameters, and duration of T2DM. Various factors contributing to disease prevalence and trends in other biochemical parameters are assessed.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of 246 patients with T2DM whose data were retrieved from the Proficiency Health Diagnostic Lab System in Al Ain. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program.

Results: The prevalence of T2DM was found to be higher in gender (male), age (≥45 years), ethnicity (Middle Eastern), BMI (≥25), family history, and metabolic syndrome (hypertension and dyslipidemia). TAS was found to be significantly higher in patients with comorbidities, than in those without, particularly dyslipidemia and micro-albuminuria (p<0.05). TAS was weakly positively correlated with various T2DM biochemical parameters (p<0.05), except for Fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p=0.061). TAS was weakly negatively correlated with BMI (≥25) (p=0.042). Albumin- to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was statistically higher in hypertensives than normotensives (p=0.049). Duration of disease was only significantly correlated with ACR (r=0.325, p=0.001). Uric acid levels were statistically higher in patients with microalbuminuria than in patients without microalbuminuria (p=0.001).

Conclusion: TAS was higher in patients with dyslipidemia and microalbuminuria, suggesting the influence of other factors such as uric acid and lipid-lowering agents. TAS could be an important factor in the management of T2DM cases. This needs to be further investigated in future studies to fill the gap found in the literature.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.

Aim: The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with T1D in the southern region of Iran during the year 2022.

Methods: This research employed a case-control design involving two groups (79 individuals in each group) of healthy children and adolescents diagnosed with T1D. The study assessed and compared the groups regarding various potential risk factors that may influence the development of T1D. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software.

Results: Significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning several factors, including the age at which children began kindergarten, their weight at one year and 18 months, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, delivery method, age of introduction to complementary feeding, duration of breastfeeding, use of cow's milk and vitamin D supplements before one year of age, as well as family history of T1D and other autoimmune diseases among fathers and siblings.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that, in addition to genetic predispositions, numerous environmental factors contribute to the risk of developing T1D. Consequently, it is recommended that health managers and policymakers investigate these risk factors more broadly across various regions to implement effective strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of T1D nationwide.