Pub Date : 2021-10-16DOI: 10.11648/J.AAS.20210604.13
Meng Yanhua, Z. Renfu, Wan Qiquan
At present, China is attaching importance to the issue of labor education for students, upgrading the traditional "four education" to "five education", that is, adding labor education on the basis of morality, intelligence, physical education and beauty. The relevant colleges and universities in China are exploring how to carry out the teaching of vocational labor education. As a relevant university in the labor field, the school where the author works is also actively exploring various issues concerning professional labor education, including exploring the curriculum setting of professional labor education, the proportion of class hours of relevant courses, the content of relevant courses, and how to carry out professional intercommunication teaching with relevant majors. This paper systematically divides the professional labor education curriculums obtained from the conference and discussion held by the relevant professors in the author's school, it means that the professional labor education curriculums are graded. Then by adopting the combination of qualitative and quantitative analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with multiple expert assessment of classifying labor education curriculum evaluation and determine the weight of each course in the professional labor education courses. So as to determine the importance of professional labor education courses for professional labor education teaching, to provide theoretical support for the development of professional labor education courses in the country. At the same time, it also provides technical support for introducing professional labor education into safety engineering teaching. Through the research of this paper, it is found that the application course of professional labor education is the most important part of professional labor education curriculum, and the setting of such courses should be strengthened. Simultaneously, the thoughts of labor and thought, labor and law, labor and safety, labor and economy in professional labor education courses can be introduced into the teaching of safety engineering courses.
{"title":"Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Classification Assessment of Professional Labor Education Curriculums","authors":"Meng Yanhua, Z. Renfu, Wan Qiquan","doi":"10.11648/J.AAS.20210604.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AAS.20210604.13","url":null,"abstract":"At present, China is attaching importance to the issue of labor education for students, upgrading the traditional \"four education\" to \"five education\", that is, adding labor education on the basis of morality, intelligence, physical education and beauty. The relevant colleges and universities in China are exploring how to carry out the teaching of vocational labor education. As a relevant university in the labor field, the school where the author works is also actively exploring various issues concerning professional labor education, including exploring the curriculum setting of professional labor education, the proportion of class hours of relevant courses, the content of relevant courses, and how to carry out professional intercommunication teaching with relevant majors. This paper systematically divides the professional labor education curriculums obtained from the conference and discussion held by the relevant professors in the author's school, it means that the professional labor education curriculums are graded. Then by adopting the combination of qualitative and quantitative analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with multiple expert assessment of classifying labor education curriculum evaluation and determine the weight of each course in the professional labor education courses. So as to determine the importance of professional labor education courses for professional labor education teaching, to provide theoretical support for the development of professional labor education courses in the country. At the same time, it also provides technical support for introducing professional labor education into safety engineering teaching. Through the research of this paper, it is found that the application course of professional labor education is the most important part of professional labor education curriculum, and the setting of such courses should be strengthened. Simultaneously, the thoughts of labor and thought, labor and law, labor and safety, labor and economy in professional labor education courses can be introduced into the teaching of safety engineering courses.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133213239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to examine the effect of different wheat straw and concentrate proportions on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth and reproductive performances of F1 cross breed (Boran X Friesian) dairy heifers. Wheat straw (WS) with 93% dry matter content was chopped (3-5 cm in length) and mixed with concentrate, molasses and water. The amount of water used for the preparation of total mixed ration was three fold of the molasses amount. Twelve dairy heifers (90.45 ± 7.37 kg LW, mean ±S.D) were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (WS80= 80% WS: 20% concentrate; WS60 = 60% WS: 40% concentrate) and WS40 = (40% WS: 60% concentrate) in a completely randomized block design. The diets were offered ad-libitum and allowing 15-20% refusal. The experiment was consisted of 345 days of feeding trial and 7 days for the measurement of digestibility. Different wheat straw and concentrate proportion had no significant effect on organic matter intake of dairy heifers. In contrast, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intakes were greater when the heifers were fed WS40 versus the other treatments. The greater (P<0.001) DM, CP, ADF and NDF digestibility, feed conversion efficiency and growth rate were observed in WS40 than the other treatments. The greater (P<0.001) body weight at first service for dairy heifers was perceived in WS80 than the other dietary treatments. Conversely, the smallest age at first service, age at first conception and number of service per conception for dairy heifers was noticed in WS40 than the other dietary treatments. Raising dairy heifers by using 40% wheat straw and 60% concentrate can be recommended for practical application.
{"title":"Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestion, Growth and Reproductive Performances of Boran-Friesian Cross Breed Dairy Heifers Through Different Wheat Straw to Concentrate Feeds","authors":"Geberemariyam Terefe, Getu Kitaw, Mulugeta Walelgne","doi":"10.11648/J.AAS.20210604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AAS.20210604.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the effect of different wheat straw and concentrate proportions on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth and reproductive performances of F1 cross breed (Boran X Friesian) dairy heifers. Wheat straw (WS) with 93% dry matter content was chopped (3-5 cm in length) and mixed with concentrate, molasses and water. The amount of water used for the preparation of total mixed ration was three fold of the molasses amount. Twelve dairy heifers (90.45 ± 7.37 kg LW, mean ±S.D) were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (WS80= 80% WS: 20% concentrate; WS60 = 60% WS: 40% concentrate) and WS40 = (40% WS: 60% concentrate) in a completely randomized block design. The diets were offered ad-libitum and allowing 15-20% refusal. The experiment was consisted of 345 days of feeding trial and 7 days for the measurement of digestibility. Different wheat straw and concentrate proportion had no significant effect on organic matter intake of dairy heifers. In contrast, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intakes were greater when the heifers were fed WS40 versus the other treatments. The greater (P<0.001) DM, CP, ADF and NDF digestibility, feed conversion efficiency and growth rate were observed in WS40 than the other treatments. The greater (P<0.001) body weight at first service for dairy heifers was perceived in WS80 than the other dietary treatments. Conversely, the smallest age at first service, age at first conception and number of service per conception for dairy heifers was noticed in WS40 than the other dietary treatments. Raising dairy heifers by using 40% wheat straw and 60% concentrate can be recommended for practical application.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130448293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-21DOI: 10.11648/J.AAS.20210602.15
Eric Amoah Asante, Michael Adusei-Bonsu, Randy Amuaku, E. Ampaw
Reduced thickness reduces the heat dissipation capacity of the brake disc and its mechanical strength, triggering a series of critical faults and failures. To determine the critical thickness for disc replacement, a transient analysis for contact problem of disc brakes with frictional heat was performed using finite element method. To analyze the effect of disc thickness on the frictional heat generation, different brake disc models were developed with disc thicknesses of 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.5 mm, 7.0 mm, 7.5 mm and 8.0 mm. Subsequently, the developed disc models were evaluated under 2210 N, 2875 N and 3538 N braking forces and 884 rpm, 1149 rpm and 1415 rpm rotational speed of the disc. The numerical simulation for the thermoelastic behavior of disk brake was obtained in the repeated brake condition by Finite Element Analysis package of SolidWorks. The results showed that increasing the braking force from 2210 N to 2875 N, 2875 N to 3538 N and 2210 N to 3538 N resulted in 28.45%, 33.62% and 52.5% deformations respectively. Subsequently, increasing the rotational speed of the disc from 884 rpm to 1149 rpm, 1149 rpm to 1415 rpm and 884 rpm to 1415 rpm resulted in 69.57%, 17.23% and 74.8% deformations respectively. Though, the differences in successive forces is the same, the percentage deformation was not the same but rather a decline in the increase. In the case of the ultimate stress, the application of 884 rpm, 1149 rpm and 1415 rpm speeds at the same braking force of 2210 N yielded 1.327 x 1011 N/m2, 2.069 x 1011 N/m2 and 2.072 x 1011 N/m2 ultimate stresses respectively. Increasing the rotational speed of the brake disc from 884 rpm to 1149 rpm and 1149 rpm to 1415 rpm resulted in 35.86% and 0.14% ultimate stress respectively. The overall results have shown that, under the same condition of treatment; effect of braking force > effect disc rotational speed > effect of disc thickness. There was a sharp drop in temperature at all the radii points where readings were taken and this could be due to initial heat transfer from the disc to the pad just at contact. The minimum thickness for optimal heat and wear reduction 6.7 mm. The present study can provide a useful design tool and improve the brake performance of disk brake system.
{"title":"Consistency of Frictional Temperature and Wear on Indicating the Critical Thickness for Disc Brake Replacement by Finite Element Model","authors":"Eric Amoah Asante, Michael Adusei-Bonsu, Randy Amuaku, E. Ampaw","doi":"10.11648/J.AAS.20210602.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AAS.20210602.15","url":null,"abstract":"Reduced thickness reduces the heat dissipation capacity of the brake disc and its mechanical strength, triggering a series of critical faults and failures. To determine the critical thickness for disc replacement, a transient analysis for contact problem of disc brakes with frictional heat was performed using finite element method. To analyze the effect of disc thickness on the frictional heat generation, different brake disc models were developed with disc thicknesses of 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.5 mm, 7.0 mm, 7.5 mm and 8.0 mm. Subsequently, the developed disc models were evaluated under 2210 N, 2875 N and 3538 N braking forces and 884 rpm, 1149 rpm and 1415 rpm rotational speed of the disc. The numerical simulation for the thermoelastic behavior of disk brake was obtained in the repeated brake condition by Finite Element Analysis package of SolidWorks. The results showed that increasing the braking force from 2210 N to 2875 N, 2875 N to 3538 N and 2210 N to 3538 N resulted in 28.45%, 33.62% and 52.5% deformations respectively. Subsequently, increasing the rotational speed of the disc from 884 rpm to 1149 rpm, 1149 rpm to 1415 rpm and 884 rpm to 1415 rpm resulted in 69.57%, 17.23% and 74.8% deformations respectively. Though, the differences in successive forces is the same, the percentage deformation was not the same but rather a decline in the increase. In the case of the ultimate stress, the application of 884 rpm, 1149 rpm and 1415 rpm speeds at the same braking force of 2210 N yielded 1.327 x 1011 N/m2, 2.069 x 1011 N/m2 and 2.072 x 1011 N/m2 ultimate stresses respectively. Increasing the rotational speed of the brake disc from 884 rpm to 1149 rpm and 1149 rpm to 1415 rpm resulted in 35.86% and 0.14% ultimate stress respectively. The overall results have shown that, under the same condition of treatment; effect of braking force > effect disc rotational speed > effect of disc thickness. There was a sharp drop in temperature at all the radii points where readings were taken and this could be due to initial heat transfer from the disc to the pad just at contact. The minimum thickness for optimal heat and wear reduction 6.7 mm. The present study can provide a useful design tool and improve the brake performance of disk brake system.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"343 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124311761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.11648/J.AAS.20210602.14
Aklilu Nigussie, W. Legesse
Bread wheat is an important crop type in the Ethiopian production system because of its dual function both as a staple crop that improves food security and income-generating. This study had three intervention treatments on the production sector with the selected method of substantive cost-benefit analysis. The objectives of this research were; to conduct partial budget analysis of the treatments and to improve the recommendations by incorporating the benefits derived from the production process with economic constraints and opportunities for improving bread wheat production systems in Ethiopia at smallholder level. This study presents the partial budget analysis (PBA) framework for the economic analysis of different bread wheat package treatments for their benefit returns. The on-farm experiment was conducted in Hetosa and Tiyo district (Oromia regional state of Ethiopia) and Minjar Shenkora districts (Amhara regional state of Ethiopia) to assess the cost and the return of the treatments. The study investigated for costs and benefits associated with adaptation approaches employed by the farmers on farm packages expressing in monetary term and identify the most effective and economic options based on general information and responses on station and trials with the necessary agronomic practices. Findings from this study shows that the packages tested for the two sample districts varies accordingly; in Oromia regional, state the average grain yield for ATA, Extension and New research package was found 5070, 4830 and 4130 kg per hectare while for Amhara regional state 3870, 4330 and 5000 kg per hectare. The thousands of kernel weight was 36.2, 34.7 and 39.3 for Oromia while 34.6, 38.7 and 33.1 grams. The hectoliter weight was found 69.7, 69.9 and 70.3 in Oromia while it was 77.7, 79.3 and 79.2 in Amhara. The average benefit cost ratio was 1.41, 1.34 and 1.20 for Oromia whereas 1.83, 1.45 and 1.97 in Amhara. This states that the ATA package had a good return in Oromia while new research package had 1.97 returns for 1 Birr invested in bread wheat production in Amhara. The net revenue in Oromia samples per hectare had 16,615.20 ($604.8), 16,602.67 ($604.4), and 8,518.33 ($310.1); whereas 15,413.73 ($561.1), 24,027.20 ($874.8), and 31,656.87 ($1,152.4) Eth.Birr per hectare in Amhara regional state. With the exchange rate of 1 USD=27.47 Eth.Birr. In Amhara the new research package has a worth net return while in the Oromia ATA package had a worth net return as compared to other package treatments.
{"title":"On-farm Validation of Bread Wheat Innovations for Supporting Extension Package Formulation in Ethiopia","authors":"Aklilu Nigussie, W. Legesse","doi":"10.11648/J.AAS.20210602.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AAS.20210602.14","url":null,"abstract":"Bread wheat is an important crop type in the Ethiopian production system because of its dual function both as a staple crop that improves food security and income-generating. This study had three intervention treatments on the production sector with the selected method of substantive cost-benefit analysis. The objectives of this research were; to conduct partial budget analysis of the treatments and to improve the recommendations by incorporating the benefits derived from the production process with economic constraints and opportunities for improving bread wheat production systems in Ethiopia at smallholder level. This study presents the partial budget analysis (PBA) framework for the economic analysis of different bread wheat package treatments for their benefit returns. The on-farm experiment was conducted in Hetosa and Tiyo district (Oromia regional state of Ethiopia) and Minjar Shenkora districts (Amhara regional state of Ethiopia) to assess the cost and the return of the treatments. The study investigated for costs and benefits associated with adaptation approaches employed by the farmers on farm packages expressing in monetary term and identify the most effective and economic options based on general information and responses on station and trials with the necessary agronomic practices. Findings from this study shows that the packages tested for the two sample districts varies accordingly; in Oromia regional, state the average grain yield for ATA, Extension and New research package was found 5070, 4830 and 4130 kg per hectare while for Amhara regional state 3870, 4330 and 5000 kg per hectare. The thousands of kernel weight was 36.2, 34.7 and 39.3 for Oromia while 34.6, 38.7 and 33.1 grams. The hectoliter weight was found 69.7, 69.9 and 70.3 in Oromia while it was 77.7, 79.3 and 79.2 in Amhara. The average benefit cost ratio was 1.41, 1.34 and 1.20 for Oromia whereas 1.83, 1.45 and 1.97 in Amhara. This states that the ATA package had a good return in Oromia while new research package had 1.97 returns for 1 Birr invested in bread wheat production in Amhara. The net revenue in Oromia samples per hectare had 16,615.20 ($604.8), 16,602.67 ($604.4), and 8,518.33 ($310.1); whereas 15,413.73 ($561.1), 24,027.20 ($874.8), and 31,656.87 ($1,152.4) Eth.Birr per hectare in Amhara regional state. With the exchange rate of 1 USD=27.47 Eth.Birr. In Amhara the new research package has a worth net return while in the Oromia ATA package had a worth net return as compared to other package treatments.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124821764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.11648/J.AAS.20210602.12
Poondla Madhurya, M. Latha, Challa Sujani Rao, Sunkara Prathibha Sree
The Indian agriculture and allied sector is not an exemption in facing the unprecedented conditions occurring due to the coronavirus pandemic. But the sector is resilient enough to have a setback and show its economic prominence. Agriculture and allied sector has shown a 3.1% GDP growth during the pandemic even though the sector involves manual outdoor operations on a daily basis. The food grain output was recorded as the highest ever (295.67MT) during 2019-20. Out of the highest contributing crops, rice has shown the highest increase in production (9.27 m tons) followed by pulses and Cotton, whereas the remaining crops has shown an average increase of 3.52 million tons. In spite of the perishability of the agriculture goods, harvest is being wasted at markets, Industrial godowns and on-crop wastage has also become a serious problem due to less marketable time, poor storage techniques and workforce. On the flip side, Due to the increase of unemployment in the country the malnutrition has become much concern due to lack of purchasing power of citizens. But the farmers in the country normally have less profit margin of over 10-12% of the cost of production. As South India is the most hard hit of diseases caused due to undernutrition, The Agribusiness and agri production, supply chain systems and allied sectors should allocate properly the increased production with necessary postharvest and processing measures and increase trade opportunities for increasing value added in order to achieve nutritional security and increase profit margin of farmers and thereby to fight the effect of pandemic on people.
{"title":"Indian Agriculture During the Pandemic: Impact and Resilience","authors":"Poondla Madhurya, M. Latha, Challa Sujani Rao, Sunkara Prathibha Sree","doi":"10.11648/J.AAS.20210602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AAS.20210602.12","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian agriculture and allied sector is not an exemption in facing the unprecedented conditions occurring due to the coronavirus pandemic. But the sector is resilient enough to have a setback and show its economic prominence. Agriculture and allied sector has shown a 3.1% GDP growth during the pandemic even though the sector involves manual outdoor operations on a daily basis. The food grain output was recorded as the highest ever (295.67MT) during 2019-20. Out of the highest contributing crops, rice has shown the highest increase in production (9.27 m tons) followed by pulses and Cotton, whereas the remaining crops has shown an average increase of 3.52 million tons. In spite of the perishability of the agriculture goods, harvest is being wasted at markets, Industrial godowns and on-crop wastage has also become a serious problem due to less marketable time, poor storage techniques and workforce. On the flip side, Due to the increase of unemployment in the country the malnutrition has become much concern due to lack of purchasing power of citizens. But the farmers in the country normally have less profit margin of over 10-12% of the cost of production. As South India is the most hard hit of diseases caused due to undernutrition, The Agribusiness and agri production, supply chain systems and allied sectors should allocate properly the increased production with necessary postharvest and processing measures and increase trade opportunities for increasing value added in order to achieve nutritional security and increase profit margin of farmers and thereby to fight the effect of pandemic on people.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123657027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.11648/J.AAS.20210601.11
Tesega Tadesse Demeke
This study was carried out in order to investigate the Determinants of successful implementation of audit report recommendation in Office of federal Auditor General Audited Government Organization Northern branch in Bahir Dar. Data collection was achieved through questionnaires and the study of documentary materials. The primary data were supplied to 5 respondents focusing purposively on all audit team leaders and audit manager. The secondary data were generated from the annual summarized audit reports of 265 previously audited government organizations prepared by Office of federal Auditor General in Northern branch. The test of hypotheses and other analysis of data were done using SPSS, version 20. The tests revealed that among others, conflicts of interest, lack of follow up, employee instability and management resistance are the significant factors affecting successful implementation of audit recommendation in Northern branch. That means they are the principal factors hindering the implementation of audit report recommendation. In addition, it is found that management & employee negligence and remoteness would likely have negative in-significant effect on the implementation of audit in Northern branch. The study recommends efforts should be made to establish and strengthen follow up for previous audits, create awareness for the legal punishment related to conflict of interest and design proper information exchange system during employee turnover to improve implementation of audit recommendation. Also, regulatory authorities should exercise legal measure for management negligence and resistance for the successful implementation of audit recommendation.
{"title":"Determinants of Successful Implementation of Audit Report Recommendations: The Case Office of the Federal Auditor General in Northern Branch","authors":"Tesega Tadesse Demeke","doi":"10.11648/J.AAS.20210601.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AAS.20210601.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in order to investigate the Determinants of successful implementation of audit report recommendation in Office of federal Auditor General Audited Government Organization Northern branch in Bahir Dar. Data collection was achieved through questionnaires and the study of documentary materials. The primary data were supplied to 5 respondents focusing purposively on all audit team leaders and audit manager. The secondary data were generated from the annual summarized audit reports of 265 previously audited government organizations prepared by Office of federal Auditor General in Northern branch. The test of hypotheses and other analysis of data were done using SPSS, version 20. The tests revealed that among others, conflicts of interest, lack of follow up, employee instability and management resistance are the significant factors affecting successful implementation of audit recommendation in Northern branch. That means they are the principal factors hindering the implementation of audit report recommendation. In addition, it is found that management & employee negligence and remoteness would likely have negative in-significant effect on the implementation of audit in Northern branch. The study recommends efforts should be made to establish and strengthen follow up for previous audits, create awareness for the legal punishment related to conflict of interest and design proper information exchange system during employee turnover to improve implementation of audit recommendation. Also, regulatory authorities should exercise legal measure for management negligence and resistance for the successful implementation of audit recommendation.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132447635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.11648/J.AE.20210501.13
Z. Bao, Zhao Jun
Throttle valve is the key equipment of ultra-high pressure natural gas well, and the research on the structure and performance of the throttle valve is particularly important. Among them, the cage-type throttle valve has been studied more and more in recent years because of its many advantages. This article mainly studies the cage of the cage type throttle valve, and makes an in-depth analysis of its structure on the basis of theoretical calculations. Corresponding models are established through the wired element analysis software, and the opening positions of the valve core cage, the opening degree of the cage and the flow area change rule, the number of cage holes and the diameter of the cage are discussed. Studies have shown that when the number of small holes in the valve core cage is fixed, the flow area of the cage increases, the flow velocity in the small holes increases, and the static pressure decreases; when the flow area of the cage is fixed, the number and diameter of the throttle holes are changed, The flow rate of the flow valve is basically unchanged. It is recommended to change the diameter of the small hole and the flow area under the condition that the structure of the valve core cage is determined, and the throttling effect will be more significant.
{"title":"Research on the Influence of Throttle Valve Cage Sleeve Structure on Throttling Effect","authors":"Z. Bao, Zhao Jun","doi":"10.11648/J.AE.20210501.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AE.20210501.13","url":null,"abstract":"Throttle valve is the key equipment of ultra-high pressure natural gas well, and the research on the structure and performance of the throttle valve is particularly important. Among them, the cage-type throttle valve has been studied more and more in recent years because of its many advantages. This article mainly studies the cage of the cage type throttle valve, and makes an in-depth analysis of its structure on the basis of theoretical calculations. Corresponding models are established through the wired element analysis software, and the opening positions of the valve core cage, the opening degree of the cage and the flow area change rule, the number of cage holes and the diameter of the cage are discussed. Studies have shown that when the number of small holes in the valve core cage is fixed, the flow area of the cage increases, the flow velocity in the small holes increases, and the static pressure decreases; when the flow area of the cage is fixed, the number and diameter of the throttle holes are changed, The flow rate of the flow valve is basically unchanged. It is recommended to change the diameter of the small hole and the flow area under the condition that the structure of the valve core cage is determined, and the throttling effect will be more significant.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122037917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.11648/J.AE.20210501.11
Wei Junhui, Z. Chuan, Jing Hongtao, Wang Wei, Tu Zhixiong, Shen Xiaomei, Zou Yan
As an important part of the Christmas tree, the sealing performance of the flat gate valve is very important, and the O-ring seal is the most commonly used seal in the flat gate valve. Therefore, the research on O-rings is particularly important. For the flat gate valve with a single gate, its structure has gradually developed from a single seat seal to a double seat seal. This article mainly analyzes the sealing principle of the double seat in the ultra-high pressure flat gate valve and the influence of the pre-tightening force of the sealing ring on the sealing effect. Using finite element analysis software, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of the double valve seat sealing structure was established to study the non-metallic sealing performance of the valve seat. The Mises stress, the maximum contact stress of the sealing surface, and the contact area of the sealing surface of the O-ring seal under different compression ratios are analyzed. The results show that when only the sealing performance and pre-tightening force requirements are considered, an O-ring with a larger wire diameter should be selected as much as possible. When considering the service life of the O-ring seal, the compression rate of the seal ring should not exceed 20%. Therefore, the selected seal ring wire diameter is 3.75mm within the recommended seal ring compression rate range.
{"title":"Analysis of Double Seat Seal of Ultra High Pressure Flat Gate Valve","authors":"Wei Junhui, Z. Chuan, Jing Hongtao, Wang Wei, Tu Zhixiong, Shen Xiaomei, Zou Yan","doi":"10.11648/J.AE.20210501.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AE.20210501.11","url":null,"abstract":"As an important part of the Christmas tree, the sealing performance of the flat gate valve is very important, and the O-ring seal is the most commonly used seal in the flat gate valve. Therefore, the research on O-rings is particularly important. For the flat gate valve with a single gate, its structure has gradually developed from a single seat seal to a double seat seal. This article mainly analyzes the sealing principle of the double seat in the ultra-high pressure flat gate valve and the influence of the pre-tightening force of the sealing ring on the sealing effect. Using finite element analysis software, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of the double valve seat sealing structure was established to study the non-metallic sealing performance of the valve seat. The Mises stress, the maximum contact stress of the sealing surface, and the contact area of the sealing surface of the O-ring seal under different compression ratios are analyzed. The results show that when only the sealing performance and pre-tightening force requirements are considered, an O-ring with a larger wire diameter should be selected as much as possible. When considering the service life of the O-ring seal, the compression rate of the seal ring should not exceed 20%. Therefore, the selected seal ring wire diameter is 3.75mm within the recommended seal ring compression rate range.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"95 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114377823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.11648/J.AAS.20210604.17
Peng Junhui, Wei Junhui, Du Wenbo, Zhang Chuang, Zeng Nu, L. Ming, Rao Dong
Tensile and compression tests on pure PTFE, 10% carbon fiber PTFE and 20% carbon fiber PTFE were carried out on the universal material testing machine at three temperatures of 20°C, 60°C and 90°C, accepted the tensile elongation and tensile strength of this material at different temperatures. Finite element analysis is performed on pan plug seals made of three materials at different temperatures and 105 MPa. The simulation results show that when the maximum Mises stress of the outer lip of the three materials increases to a certain amount, an inflection point will appear, and the maximum Mises stress increase before the inflection point is large after the inflection point, the Mises stress increment gradually decreases. The higher the carbon fiber content, the greater the maximum Mises stress value of the lip; as the temperature increases, the seals of the three materials are less prone to tensile failure; the material with less carbon fiber content, the less stretched. When the valve stem moves up and down, the stress value of the inner lip changes more than the stress value of the outer lip; the upward stroke is conducive to the realization of the seal; the part near the end of the inner lip is more affected by the movement of the valve stem. This article provides a certain basis for the selection of pan plug seals.
{"title":"Effects of Modified Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the Performance of Pan-plug Seal at Different Temperatures","authors":"Peng Junhui, Wei Junhui, Du Wenbo, Zhang Chuang, Zeng Nu, L. Ming, Rao Dong","doi":"10.11648/J.AAS.20210604.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AAS.20210604.17","url":null,"abstract":"Tensile and compression tests on pure PTFE, 10% carbon fiber PTFE and 20% carbon fiber PTFE were carried out on the universal material testing machine at three temperatures of 20°C, 60°C and 90°C, accepted the tensile elongation and tensile strength of this material at different temperatures. Finite element analysis is performed on pan plug seals made of three materials at different temperatures and 105 MPa. The simulation results show that when the maximum Mises stress of the outer lip of the three materials increases to a certain amount, an inflection point will appear, and the maximum Mises stress increase before the inflection point is large after the inflection point, the Mises stress increment gradually decreases. The higher the carbon fiber content, the greater the maximum Mises stress value of the lip; as the temperature increases, the seals of the three materials are less prone to tensile failure; the material with less carbon fiber content, the less stretched. When the valve stem moves up and down, the stress value of the inner lip changes more than the stress value of the outer lip; the upward stroke is conducive to the realization of the seal; the part near the end of the inner lip is more affected by the movement of the valve stem. This article provides a certain basis for the selection of pan plug seals.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129041895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.11648/J.AAS.20200504.12
Nan Wang, Nan Xie
Network control system (NCS) is a distributed real-time feedback control system with the continuous development of network technology. It is generally composed of network, controller, actuator and sensor. It has brought great convenience to people in many fields, but it also has many problems, which makes the research of control system more complicated. Recently, there have been some efforts to tackle the reliable guaranteed cost controller design problem, and some good results have also been obtained for the continuous-time and for the discrete-time. However, there have been few results in the literature of an investigation for the reliable guaranteed cost controller design of nonlinear uncertain systems with time-varying state delay and actuator failure. This paper concerns the reliable guaranteed cost control problem of uncertain systems with time-varying state delay and nonlinear perturbations for a given quadratic cost function. The problem is to design a reliable guaranteed cost state feedback control law which can tolerate actuator failures, such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and the closed-loop cost function value is not more than a specified upper bound. Firstly, the existence condition of reliable guaranteed cost control law is given by constructing Lyapunov stability function and using linear matrix inequality (LMI). Secondly, the design method of the optimal reliable guaranteed cost controller is given by solving the convex optimization problem with LMI constraints, which minimizes the upper bound of guaranteed cost for closed-loop systems. In the end, the numerical simulation result illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Reliable Guaranteed Cost Control of Uncertain Systems with Nonlinear Perturbations","authors":"Nan Wang, Nan Xie","doi":"10.11648/J.AAS.20200504.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AAS.20200504.12","url":null,"abstract":"Network control system (NCS) is a distributed real-time feedback control system with the continuous development of network technology. It is generally composed of network, controller, actuator and sensor. It has brought great convenience to people in many fields, but it also has many problems, which makes the research of control system more complicated. Recently, there have been some efforts to tackle the reliable guaranteed cost controller design problem, and some good results have also been obtained for the continuous-time and for the discrete-time. However, there have been few results in the literature of an investigation for the reliable guaranteed cost controller design of nonlinear uncertain systems with time-varying state delay and actuator failure. This paper concerns the reliable guaranteed cost control problem of uncertain systems with time-varying state delay and nonlinear perturbations for a given quadratic cost function. The problem is to design a reliable guaranteed cost state feedback control law which can tolerate actuator failures, such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and the closed-loop cost function value is not more than a specified upper bound. Firstly, the existence condition of reliable guaranteed cost control law is given by constructing Lyapunov stability function and using linear matrix inequality (LMI). Secondly, the design method of the optimal reliable guaranteed cost controller is given by solving the convex optimization problem with LMI constraints, which minimizes the upper bound of guaranteed cost for closed-loop systems. In the end, the numerical simulation result illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":108573,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116630926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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