This study was designed to examine the feasibility of recycling cassava effluent, sawdust, and unused paper products to enhance their utilization for beneficial purpose. Waste newspaper paste (WNP), Waste writing – paper paste (WWP), and Waste carton paper paste (WCP) were prepared and then used separately to similarly fabricate composite panels with Sawdust particle (SDP) proportioned at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight. The binder used was cassava starch slurry prepared from the effluent. Bulk density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, nailability, and flexural strength were determined for the developed samples. From the results obtained, the samples were found to be light-weight and their thermal insulation performance improved with increasing proportions of the SDP. Though samples containing the WCP exhibited the best satisfactory performance, it was found that all the studied samples could perform more effectively and efficiently as ceilings compared to some of those reported in the literature. From scientific-economic viewpoint, valorizing the above-mentioned wastes as described in this paper could help to protect the environment and also yield value-added insulation ceilings for enhancement of sustainable building construction especially in tropical areas.
{"title":"PAPER – SAWDUST COMPOSITES: FABRICATION AND COMPARISON IN TERMS OF HEAT TRANSFER AND STRENGTH PROPERTIES","authors":"Ubong Williams Robert","doi":"10.30540/sae-2023-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2023-005","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to examine the feasibility of recycling cassava effluent, sawdust, and unused paper products to enhance their utilization for beneficial purpose. Waste newspaper paste (WNP), Waste writing – paper paste (WWP), and Waste carton paper paste (WCP) were prepared and then used separately to similarly fabricate composite panels with Sawdust particle (SDP) proportioned at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight. The binder used was cassava starch slurry prepared from the effluent. Bulk density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, nailability, and flexural strength were determined for the developed samples. From the results obtained, the samples were found to be light-weight and their thermal insulation performance improved with increasing proportions of the SDP. Though samples containing the WCP exhibited the best satisfactory performance, it was found that all the studied samples could perform more effectively and efficiently as ceilings compared to some of those reported in the literature. From scientific-economic viewpoint, valorizing the above-mentioned wastes as described in this paper could help to protect the environment and also yield value-added insulation ceilings for enhancement of sustainable building construction especially in tropical areas.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127133969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article deals with scientific and practical issues of solving the problem of lost cultural monuments in Ukraine. It highlights the loss of Ukrainian cultural heritage sites as a result of war crimes of the Russian Federation and considers possible ways of recreating them, taking into account existing practice, which will serve as a useful example for the subsequent incarnations of the lost architectural monuments. The questions of the legitimacy of the reconstruction of various objects of cultural heritage in accordance with domestic and international standards are discussed. Some financial and economic aspects of restoring the cultural heritage of Ukraine are considered. The purpose of this study is to highlight the problems of destruction and damage of Ukrainian cultural heritage sites’ after full-scale Russian aggression and directions of their recreation considering domestic and foreign experience.
{"title":"Al Heritage of Ukraine and Ways of their Recreation Lost Monuments of the Cultur","authors":"V. Abyzov","doi":"10.30540/sae-2023-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2023-003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article deals with scientific and practical issues of solving the problem of lost cultural monuments in Ukraine. It highlights the loss of Ukrainian cultural heritage sites as a result of war crimes of the Russian Federation and considers possible ways of recreating them, taking into account existing practice, which will serve as a useful example for the subsequent incarnations of the lost architectural monuments. The questions of the legitimacy of the reconstruction of various objects of cultural heritage in accordance with domestic and international standards are discussed. Some financial and economic aspects of restoring the cultural heritage of Ukraine are considered. The purpose of this study is to highlight the problems of destruction and damage of Ukrainian cultural heritage sites’ after full-scale Russian aggression and directions of their recreation considering domestic and foreign experience.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"40 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120969476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents the results of workshop experiments aimed at realising the concept of the accessible city and identifies key considerations for enabling seniors to function better in the city’s public space, based on the real needs of an ageing population. The study used field research (in situ), functional-spatial analysis (case studies) and data synthesis. The latest available data from the Statistics Poland on the demographic situation of senior citizens, government programmes and current legislation – depicting the current and projected situation in Poland were analysed. Faced with alarming data indicating that Poland’s population will continue to grow older until 2050, with the number of people aged 60+ reaching 40.4% of our country’s total population, field research was carried out into the accessibility of selected urban spaces and a set of architectural and urban planning recommendations were presented to address the most important needs and better functioning of the 60+ generation. As the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is currently home to the largest total population of senior citizens, the region's capital, Kielce, was chosen as the location for the analysis.
{"title":"“An Accessible City” – A Look from the Perspective of the ‘60+’ Generation","authors":"J. Gil-Mastalerczyk","doi":"10.30540/sae-2023-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2023-004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the results of workshop experiments aimed at realising the concept of the accessible city and identifies key considerations for enabling seniors to function better in the city’s public space, based on the real needs of an ageing population. The study used field research (in situ), functional-spatial analysis (case studies) and data synthesis. The latest available data from the Statistics Poland on the demographic situation of senior citizens, government programmes and current legislation – depicting the current and projected situation in Poland were analysed. Faced with alarming data indicating that Poland’s population will continue to grow older until 2050, with the number of people aged 60+ reaching 40.4% of our country’s total population, field research was carried out into the accessibility of selected urban spaces and a set of architectural and urban planning recommendations were presented to address the most important needs and better functioning of the 60+ generation. As the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is currently home to the largest total population of senior citizens, the region's capital, Kielce, was chosen as the location for the analysis.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133514519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gil-Mastalerczyk, Sylwia Mochocka, Małgorzata Wijas
Abstract This article discusses the aspects of designing the pavements of pedestrian zones, shared spaces, city squares and other public spaces in terms of the selection of their parameters, colour and texture, which can significantly improve their comfort of use and, in a wider context, improve the accessibility of public spaces and buildings. When we think about a friendly city, we aim to create urban spaces free from any barriers that could exclude some people from the social life. Urban space can be defined as friendly from the perspective of an end user who moves around on foot, or uses crutches or a wheelchair, but also in the context of fully fit people, who are nevertheless limited in their movement because they are pushing a pram, carrying a baby or heavy luggage, etc. It has been proven that a well-designed pavement can significantly improve access to an area, reducing therefore the stigmatisation of elderly, disabled, blind, visually impaired people, etc. Solutions described in this article go well beyond the applicable legal acts in the context of the building law and therefore significantly improve the accessibility of public spaces and buildings and help to create spaces that are friendly to all users – i.e. spaces that are safe and free of any risks connected with disorientation, psychological security or the possibility of collision due to the existing barriers.
{"title":"Traffic Zones Accessible for all Users. Design Solutions and Material Recommendations for Outdoor Traffic Zone Pavements","authors":"J. Gil-Mastalerczyk, Sylwia Mochocka, Małgorzata Wijas","doi":"10.30540/sae-2023-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2023-002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article discusses the aspects of designing the pavements of pedestrian zones, shared spaces, city squares and other public spaces in terms of the selection of their parameters, colour and texture, which can significantly improve their comfort of use and, in a wider context, improve the accessibility of public spaces and buildings. When we think about a friendly city, we aim to create urban spaces free from any barriers that could exclude some people from the social life. Urban space can be defined as friendly from the perspective of an end user who moves around on foot, or uses crutches or a wheelchair, but also in the context of fully fit people, who are nevertheless limited in their movement because they are pushing a pram, carrying a baby or heavy luggage, etc. It has been proven that a well-designed pavement can significantly improve access to an area, reducing therefore the stigmatisation of elderly, disabled, blind, visually impaired people, etc. Solutions described in this article go well beyond the applicable legal acts in the context of the building law and therefore significantly improve the accessibility of public spaces and buildings and help to create spaces that are friendly to all users – i.e. spaces that are safe and free of any risks connected with disorientation, psychological security or the possibility of collision due to the existing barriers.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126886221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper discusses the issue of thermal comfort expressed by the students of the University of Žilina in anonymous questionnaires. The volunteers rated their thermal sensations, preferences as well as lighting conditions in the autumn season. The students were in favour of the prevailing thermal conditions – almost 88% of the volunteers expressed positive opinions about their environment. The comparison of the test results for a computer laboratory with the Fanger model calculation results was also made and indicated differences between the experimental data and values determined with the model.
{"title":"Experimental Study on Thermal Comfort at University Buildings in Slovakia","authors":"Ł. Orman, A. Kapjor","doi":"10.30540/sae-2023-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2023-001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper discusses the issue of thermal comfort expressed by the students of the University of Žilina in anonymous questionnaires. The volunteers rated their thermal sensations, preferences as well as lighting conditions in the autumn season. The students were in favour of the prevailing thermal conditions – almost 88% of the volunteers expressed positive opinions about their environment. The comparison of the test results for a computer laboratory with the Fanger model calculation results was also made and indicated differences between the experimental data and values determined with the model.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130800635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Soil is an anisotropic, heterogeneous, and inelastic complex material. It is difficult to represent the exact behavior of soil by numerical modelling in practice. Conventionally, soil is simplified to an idealized model where it is considered isotropic, homogeneous, and behaves elastically under loads. The idealization, in this case, is done using the proper elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and unit weight of soil depending upon the soil type. Although the exact soil behavior is simplified, using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) a more effective result can be obtained. A superstructure was modelled using ETABS using a fixed-base system and the base reaction forces were obtained. A mat and a soil element on which the mat was laid were modelled as a flexible-base system in Midas GTS NX. The base reactions obtained from ETABS were applied to the mat in the soil model to determine the settlements and, consequently, the spring stiffness. The superstructure was then modelled again, incorporating springs under the respective columns. Convergence in settlement, and base reactions were reached by iteration, and the final results from the flexible-base system were then compared with the fixed-base system. The center column settled the most, about 60 mm, and there was a decrease in settlement by 15% between the first model and the final iterated model. The base reaction for center columns decreased by 24% in the flexible base system compared to the fixed base system. However, an increase in base reaction was observed for both side and edge columns. There was an extremely erratic change in grade beams under a flexible base system, which shows that the superstructure elements are also affected by the change in the base system. It is recommended to use this approach, for the analysis of structures considering flexible base systems instead of fixed bases because it enhances the accuracy of analysis with feasible time consumption and less complex effort.
{"title":"Behavior of Mat Foundation for a Ten-Story Building: Fixed Base vs Three-Dimensional Soil Model","authors":"Farhaj Hasan, N. Alam, A. Amin, M. Hasan","doi":"10.30540/sae-2022-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2022-017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil is an anisotropic, heterogeneous, and inelastic complex material. It is difficult to represent the exact behavior of soil by numerical modelling in practice. Conventionally, soil is simplified to an idealized model where it is considered isotropic, homogeneous, and behaves elastically under loads. The idealization, in this case, is done using the proper elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and unit weight of soil depending upon the soil type. Although the exact soil behavior is simplified, using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) a more effective result can be obtained. A superstructure was modelled using ETABS using a fixed-base system and the base reaction forces were obtained. A mat and a soil element on which the mat was laid were modelled as a flexible-base system in Midas GTS NX. The base reactions obtained from ETABS were applied to the mat in the soil model to determine the settlements and, consequently, the spring stiffness. The superstructure was then modelled again, incorporating springs under the respective columns. Convergence in settlement, and base reactions were reached by iteration, and the final results from the flexible-base system were then compared with the fixed-base system. The center column settled the most, about 60 mm, and there was a decrease in settlement by 15% between the first model and the final iterated model. The base reaction for center columns decreased by 24% in the flexible base system compared to the fixed base system. However, an increase in base reaction was observed for both side and edge columns. There was an extremely erratic change in grade beams under a flexible base system, which shows that the superstructure elements are also affected by the change in the base system. It is recommended to use this approach, for the analysis of structures considering flexible base systems instead of fixed bases because it enhances the accuracy of analysis with feasible time consumption and less complex effort.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126332767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Styś-Maniara, Edyta Nartowska, Monika Metryka-Telka, R. Porowski
Abstract The authors present a general idea of using inorganic salt hydrates in solar installations. A key role in this selection is played by thermophysical parameters, so the authors review their test methods and in turn characterize them for the most promising salt hydrates. Next, the authors describe the advantages and disadvantages of inorganic salt hydrates and indicate possibilities for their improvement. The use of salt hydrate converters in PV installations significantly improves the efficiency of photovoltaic modules. We show that at least 18 salt hydrates are promising for solar applications with the best ones being Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dodecahydrate, Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate and Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate. The selection of a test method for determining the thermophysical parameters of salt hydrates should be individual depending on the research objective. Comparing the methods presented, we believe that it is the DSC and DTA methods that provide the most accurate and repeatable results.
{"title":"Inorganic Salt Hydrates as Phase Change Materials (PCM) for Thermal Energy Storage in Solar Installations","authors":"Marta Styś-Maniara, Edyta Nartowska, Monika Metryka-Telka, R. Porowski","doi":"10.30540/sae-2022-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2022-018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors present a general idea of using inorganic salt hydrates in solar installations. A key role in this selection is played by thermophysical parameters, so the authors review their test methods and in turn characterize them for the most promising salt hydrates. Next, the authors describe the advantages and disadvantages of inorganic salt hydrates and indicate possibilities for their improvement. The use of salt hydrate converters in PV installations significantly improves the efficiency of photovoltaic modules. We show that at least 18 salt hydrates are promising for solar applications with the best ones being Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dodecahydrate, Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate and Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate. The selection of a test method for determining the thermophysical parameters of salt hydrates should be individual depending on the research objective. Comparing the methods presented, we believe that it is the DSC and DTA methods that provide the most accurate and repeatable results.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"325 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The quality of air that people breathe has become a very important parameter of quality of life. Pollution contributes to numerous diseases, problems with the absorption of knowledge, and also reduces work efficiency. The article attempts to find the relationship between road traffic and indoor air quality. The parameter used to assess air pollution was particulate matter (smog). The research was carried out in three localisations with different traffic volumes, in three places for each localisation, in the summer, autumn, and winter periods. It was found that in areas with heavy road traffic, this traffic causes an inflow of pollutants into the rooms. In low – traffic localisations, sources other than road traffic have a greater impact on the indoor air quality, especially in the cool periods (autumn, and winter).
{"title":"Influence of Road Traffic on Indoor Air Quality","authors":"E. Zender-Świercz, Michał Polański Kielce","doi":"10.30540/sae-2022-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2022-016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The quality of air that people breathe has become a very important parameter of quality of life. Pollution contributes to numerous diseases, problems with the absorption of knowledge, and also reduces work efficiency. The article attempts to find the relationship between road traffic and indoor air quality. The parameter used to assess air pollution was particulate matter (smog). The research was carried out in three localisations with different traffic volumes, in three places for each localisation, in the summer, autumn, and winter periods. It was found that in areas with heavy road traffic, this traffic causes an inflow of pollutants into the rooms. In low – traffic localisations, sources other than road traffic have a greater impact on the indoor air quality, especially in the cool periods (autumn, and winter).","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"562 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120884736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article presents the results of the assessment of the possibility of using chalcedonite powder as a partial replacement for cement in mortars. Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R was used as a binder, which was replaced in the amount of 5%, 20%, 35% and 50% with chalcedonite powder. The experimental tests concerned the determination of the technological and mechanical properties of mortars: consistency, air content, compressive and bending strength, supplemented by X-ray diffraction analysis and calorimetric measurements of the pastes. The research results indicate that chalcedonite powder can be used in the production of mortars. The best mechanical properties of tested mortars were obtained in the case of replacing cement with the addition of powder in the amount of 5% and 20%.
摘要:本文介绍了使用玉髓石粉作为砂浆中水泥的部分替代的可能性的评估结果。采用波特兰水泥CEM I 42.5 R作为粘结剂，用玉髓石粉分别以5%、20%、35%和50%的量替代。试验测试涉及砂浆的技术和机械性能的测定:稠度、空气含量、抗压和弯曲强度，并辅以对浆料的x射线衍射分析和量热测量。研究结果表明，玉髓石粉可用于砂浆生产。用掺量为5%和20%的粉料替代水泥时，砂浆的力学性能最佳。
{"title":"Assessment of the Possibility of Using Chalcedonite Powder as a Component of Mortars","authors":"E. Spychał, A. Kotwa","doi":"10.30540/sae-2022-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2022-014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the results of the assessment of the possibility of using chalcedonite powder as a partial replacement for cement in mortars. Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R was used as a binder, which was replaced in the amount of 5%, 20%, 35% and 50% with chalcedonite powder. The experimental tests concerned the determination of the technological and mechanical properties of mortars: consistency, air content, compressive and bending strength, supplemented by X-ray diffraction analysis and calorimetric measurements of the pastes. The research results indicate that chalcedonite powder can be used in the production of mortars. The best mechanical properties of tested mortars were obtained in the case of replacing cement with the addition of powder in the amount of 5% and 20%.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130915070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Windows are an essential part of building envelopes since they enhance the appearance of the building, allow daylight and solar heat to come in, and allow people to observe outside. However, conventional windows tend to have poor U-values, which cause significant heat losses during the winter season and undesired heat gain in summer. Modern glazing technologies are therefore required to improve thermal resistance and comfort of the occupants, whilst mitigating the energy consumption of buildings. In the present work, a comprehensive review of the numerical investigations of the thermal properties of window systems and glazed buildings partitions is presented. However, the proposed models to predict the thermal performance most often concern only specific cases of window systems related to geometry and used material solutions, focused on specific physical processes, thus they contain a lot of simplifications, such as omitting the influence of radiation, temperature changes or velocity profiles.
{"title":"Numerical Investigations of the Thermal Properties of Window Systems: A Review","authors":"Karolina Sadko, J. Piotrowski","doi":"10.30540/sae-2022-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2022-015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Windows are an essential part of building envelopes since they enhance the appearance of the building, allow daylight and solar heat to come in, and allow people to observe outside. However, conventional windows tend to have poor U-values, which cause significant heat losses during the winter season and undesired heat gain in summer. Modern glazing technologies are therefore required to improve thermal resistance and comfort of the occupants, whilst mitigating the energy consumption of buildings. In the present work, a comprehensive review of the numerical investigations of the thermal properties of window systems and glazed buildings partitions is presented. However, the proposed models to predict the thermal performance most often concern only specific cases of window systems related to geometry and used material solutions, focused on specific physical processes, thus they contain a lot of simplifications, such as omitting the influence of radiation, temperature changes or velocity profiles.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133474569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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