Abstract The article considers three conditional formation periods of the extracurricular education in Ukraine (before the revolution of 1917, the Soviet era, the period of independent Ukraine). The features of extracurricular institutions of each period, the formation purposes, the main tasks of the periods, the implementation forms of extracurricular education are studied. The description of Ukrainian landmark buildings of each period is given. The modern problems such as the problem of moral and physical obsolescence of educational spaces, private establishments control system, the lack of regulatory documents for extracurricular institutions design, difficulties related to functioning of extracurricular education system in the structure of united territorial communities and the fate of abandoned cultural centres are reviewed. Development trends of extracurricular institutions of Ukraine are revealed. The question of the extracurricular educational system formation in foreign countries is touched upon and the specifics of foreign extracurricular educational systems are revealed.
{"title":"Architectural Periods of the Ukrainian Non-Formal Education","authors":"Daria Vasylchenko","doi":"10.30540/sae-2020-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2020-004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article considers three conditional formation periods of the extracurricular education in Ukraine (before the revolution of 1917, the Soviet era, the period of independent Ukraine). The features of extracurricular institutions of each period, the formation purposes, the main tasks of the periods, the implementation forms of extracurricular education are studied. The description of Ukrainian landmark buildings of each period is given. The modern problems such as the problem of moral and physical obsolescence of educational spaces, private establishments control system, the lack of regulatory documents for extracurricular institutions design, difficulties related to functioning of extracurricular education system in the structure of united territorial communities and the fate of abandoned cultural centres are reviewed. Development trends of extracurricular institutions of Ukraine are revealed. The question of the extracurricular educational system formation in foreign countries is touched upon and the specifics of foreign extracurricular educational systems are revealed.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127221135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Lightweight fillers are used in dry-mixed building mortars in order to improve thermal insulation properties, yield, and workability. In the case of thin layer products, used as a finishing layer, reduced thermal conductivity coefficient enables to restrain of water vapor condensation on walls – which inhibits mold growth. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of 4 types of lightweight fillers on the performance of cement-based skim coat – with emphasis on the economic aspect. Formulas reflecting typical commercial products were used. The dosage of different components -such as expanded perlite, glass and polymeric bubbles or expanded glass – was optimized for sufficient yield and workability, keeping the constant price of 1 kg of the final product. Mechanical parameters, capillary absorption coefficient, and thermal conductivity coefficient were determined. Observations by Scanning Electron Microscope revealed poor incorporation of polymer microspheres in the cement matrix, leading to loss of mechanical strength. With the addition of expanded glass, an increase of flexural and compressive strength thanks to the pozzolanic reaction was observed. Glass bubbles were found the most effective additive.
{"title":"Influence of Lightweight Fillers on the Performance of Cement-Based Skim Coat","authors":"M. Kupinski, Karolina Stobieniecka, Karol Skowera","doi":"10.30540/sae-2020-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2020-001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lightweight fillers are used in dry-mixed building mortars in order to improve thermal insulation properties, yield, and workability. In the case of thin layer products, used as a finishing layer, reduced thermal conductivity coefficient enables to restrain of water vapor condensation on walls – which inhibits mold growth. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of 4 types of lightweight fillers on the performance of cement-based skim coat – with emphasis on the economic aspect. Formulas reflecting typical commercial products were used. The dosage of different components -such as expanded perlite, glass and polymeric bubbles or expanded glass – was optimized for sufficient yield and workability, keeping the constant price of 1 kg of the final product. Mechanical parameters, capillary absorption coefficient, and thermal conductivity coefficient were determined. Observations by Scanning Electron Microscope revealed poor incorporation of polymer microspheres in the cement matrix, leading to loss of mechanical strength. With the addition of expanded glass, an increase of flexural and compressive strength thanks to the pozzolanic reaction was observed. Glass bubbles were found the most effective additive.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132492788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article presents individual positions of the author’s research on the integration of non-formal education institutions in the system of civil buildings of Ukraine. The following scientific views on the phenomenon of non-formal education from related industries are analyzed: pedagogy, sociology, psychology, economics and a systematic approach to education as a phenomenon. The prognostic positions of the development of a typological network of non-formal education institutions in connection with the system of public buildings are described. The links are revealed – system objects of a combination of non-formal education institutions with other public buildings. The stages of the study of this problem are briefly described. The proposal on the creation of a universal educational cluster, as a characteristic of non-formal education institutions, is presented, and an example of the formation of the educational block of the center of scientific and technical creativity based on such a cluster is given.
{"title":"Non-Formal Education Institutions in the System of Civic Buildings in Ukraine","authors":"Iryna L. Kravchenko","doi":"10.30540/sae-2020-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2020-003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents individual positions of the author’s research on the integration of non-formal education institutions in the system of civil buildings of Ukraine. The following scientific views on the phenomenon of non-formal education from related industries are analyzed: pedagogy, sociology, psychology, economics and a systematic approach to education as a phenomenon. The prognostic positions of the development of a typological network of non-formal education institutions in connection with the system of public buildings are described. The links are revealed – system objects of a combination of non-formal education institutions with other public buildings. The stages of the study of this problem are briefly described. The proposal on the creation of a universal educational cluster, as a characteristic of non-formal education institutions, is presented, and an example of the formation of the educational block of the center of scientific and technical creativity based on such a cluster is given.","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116786157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the essence of airport pavements’ durability in terms of its condition’s evaluation. It features a discussion of selected research methods for the most important pavement parameters. It was proposed to expand the existing pavement condition evaluation process with selected verification methods. The use of geo-radar measurements in connection with the specification of the pavement concrete’s durability and concrete pavement’s internal structure analysis seems to be a necessary element supplementing the currently used evaluation procedure. (W artykule przedstawiono istote trwalości nawierzchni lotniskowych w kontekście oceny stanu nawierzchni. W ramach rozwazan omowiono wybrane metody badawcze dla najwazniejszych parametrow nawierzchniowych. Zaproponowano rozszerzenie istniejącego procesu oceny stanu nawierzchni o wybrane metody weryfikacyjne. Wykorzystanie pomiarow georadarowych w powiązaniu z określeniem wytrzymalości betonu w nawierzchni i analizą struktury wewnetrznej kompozytu betonowego wydaje sie nieodzownym elementem uzupelniającym stosowaną obecnie procedure oceny.)
{"title":"SELECTED ASPECTS OF EVALUATING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF CONCRETE AIRPORT PAVEMENTS IN TERMS OF SERVICE LIFE","authors":"M. Linek, M. Wesołowski","doi":"10.30540/sae-2019-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2019-020","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the essence of airport pavements’ durability in terms of its condition’s evaluation. It features a discussion of selected research methods for the most important pavement parameters. It was proposed to expand the existing pavement condition evaluation process with selected verification methods. The use of geo-radar measurements in connection with the specification of the pavement concrete’s durability and concrete pavement’s internal structure analysis seems to be a necessary element supplementing the currently used evaluation procedure. (W artykule przedstawiono istote trwalości nawierzchni lotniskowych w kontekście oceny stanu nawierzchni. W ramach rozwazan omowiono wybrane metody badawcze dla najwazniejszych parametrow nawierzchniowych. Zaproponowano rozszerzenie istniejącego procesu oceny stanu nawierzchni o wybrane metody weryfikacyjne. Wykorzystanie pomiarow georadarowych w powiązaniu z określeniem wytrzymalości betonu w nawierzchni i analizą struktury wewnetrznej kompozytu betonowego wydaje sie nieodzownym elementem uzupelniającym stosowaną obecnie procedure oceny.)","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127267749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PROPERTIES OF CEMENT MORTARS MODIFIED WITH COMMERCIAL NANOSILICA","authors":"E. Horszczaruk","doi":"10.30540/sae-2019-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2019-018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120947337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Skawińska, Building Materials in Cracow, T. Foszcz
The ground rubber waste material from used vehicle tyres is used in road construction as well as in the cement industry. The use of granules in an amount of 5% causes a decrease in strength by about 25%. Replacement of 15% of cement by rubber waste is causing the reduction of strength by nearly 50%. The research of the microstructure of mortars with rubber granules indicates the proper hydration reaction. Observation under scanning electron microscope of mortar with ground rubber waste has shown presence of C-S-H phase and portlandite. The presence of additional, porous zones of contact between the granulate and cement paste was also found. (Rozdrobnione odpady gumowe z zuzytych opon samochodowych znajdują zastosowanie w budownictwie drogowym, jak rowniez przemyśle cementowym. Artykul prezentuje wykorzystanie odpadow gumowych do modyfikacji zapraw cementowych. Zastosowanie granulatu w ilości 5% powoduje spadek wytrzymalości o okolo 20%. Zastąpienie cementu 15% odpadu gumowego przyczynia sie do obnizenie wytrzymalości o blisko 50%. Badania mikrostruktury zapraw z granulatem gumowym wskazują na prawidlowy przebieg procesu hydratacji. Pod skaningowym mikroskopem elektronowym obserwuje sie wloknistą faze C-S-H oraz portlandyt. Stwierdzono rowniez obecnośc dodatkowych, porowatych stref kontaktu granulatu z zaczynem.)
废旧汽车轮胎产生的橡胶废料被用于道路建设和水泥工业。用量为5%的颗粒会使强度降低约25%。用橡胶废料代替15%的水泥会使强度降低近50%。通过对橡胶颗粒砂浆微观结构的研究，指出了适当的水化反应。通过扫描电镜观察，发现橡胶废砂浆中存在C-S-H相和硅酸盐。还发现颗粒和水泥浆体之间存在额外的多孔接触区。(rozronini1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +。阿提库尔prezentuje wykorzystanie odpadow gumowych modyfikacji zapraw水泥。Zastosowanie颗粒剂w ilości 5% pooduje spadek wytrzymalości o okolo 20%。Zastąpienie水泥15% odpadu gumowego przyzynia sie do obnizenie wytrzymalości o blisko 50%。巴达尼亚的微结构、肉芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽、芽。微显微电子学观察:微显微电子学观察:微显微电子学观察:微显微电子学观察:微显微电子学观察:微显微电子学观察:Stwierdzono rowniez obecnośc dodatkowych, porowatych stref kontaktu granulatu z zaczynem.)
{"title":"STUDY OF RUBBER GRANULES IMPACT ON SELECTED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT MORTARS","authors":"Anna Skawińska, Building Materials in Cracow, T. Foszcz","doi":"10.30540/sae-2019-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2019-019","url":null,"abstract":"The ground rubber waste material from used vehicle tyres is used in road construction as well as in the cement industry. The use of granules in an amount of 5% causes a decrease in strength by about 25%. Replacement of 15% of cement by rubber waste is causing the reduction of strength by nearly 50%. The research of the microstructure of mortars with rubber granules indicates the proper hydration reaction. Observation under scanning electron microscope of mortar with ground rubber waste has shown presence of C-S-H phase and portlandite. The presence of additional, porous zones of contact between the granulate and cement paste was also found. (Rozdrobnione odpady gumowe z zuzytych opon samochodowych znajdują zastosowanie w budownictwie drogowym, jak rowniez przemyśle cementowym. Artykul prezentuje wykorzystanie odpadow gumowych do modyfikacji zapraw cementowych. Zastosowanie granulatu w ilości 5% powoduje spadek wytrzymalości o okolo 20%. Zastąpienie cementu 15% odpadu gumowego przyczynia sie do obnizenie wytrzymalości o blisko 50%. Badania mikrostruktury zapraw z granulatem gumowym wskazują na prawidlowy przebieg procesu hydratacji. Pod skaningowym mikroskopem elektronowym obserwuje sie wloknistą faze C-S-H oraz portlandyt. Stwierdzono rowniez obecnośc dodatkowych, porowatych stref kontaktu granulatu z zaczynem.)","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125371235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the issue of thermal comfort based on the conducted study. First, the definition and importance of thermal comfort was discussed. Then, air parameters were measured and surveys were conducted regarding questions about the assessment of thermal comfort of persons using the room. The list of the subject thermal comfort evaluation tests are illustrated in the diagrams. The impact of gender and BMI on the Predicted Mean Vote PMV were also analyzed. In the next part, results obtained from surveys and according to formulas from the standard were developed, and then compared. (W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienie komfortu cieplnego w oparciu o przeprowadzone badanie. Najpierw omowiono definicje i znaczenie komfortu cieplnego. Nastepnie wykonano pomiary parametrow powietrza oraz przeprowadzono ankiety dotyczące pytan o ocene komfortu cieplnego osob uzytkujących pomieszczenie. Zestawienia badan oceny komfortu cieplnego zilustrowano na wykresach. Analizie poddano takze wplyw plci i wskaźnika BMI na przewidywaną średnią ocene PMV. W kolejnej cześci opracowano wyniki otrzymane z ankiet oraz wedlug wzorow z normy, a nastepnie je porownano.)
在此基础上，提出了热舒适问题。首先，讨论了热舒适的定义和重要性。然后，测量空气参数，并就使用房间的人的热舒适评估问题进行调查。受试者热舒适评价试验的列表在图表中说明。分析性别、BMI对预测平均投票PMV的影响。在接下来的部分中，对调查结果和根据标准公式得出的结果进行了比较。(2)隐私保护:隐私保护、隐私保护、隐私保护、隐私保护、隐私保护、隐私保护。Najpierw omowiono定义为znaczenie komfortu ciplenego。nastenie wykonano主要参数power - etrza oraz przeproadzono ank焦虑dotyczące pytan o新世komfortu ciplenego osob uzytkujących pomieszczenie。研究结果表明，中国农村农村居民生活质量较好。分析poddano takze wplyw plci wskaźnika BMI na przewidywanz średnią新世PMV。W kolejnej cześci opracowano wyniki otrzymane z ankiet oraz wedlug wzorow z normy, a nastenie je porownano。
{"title":"PRELIMINARY TEST RESULTS OF THERMAL COMFORT IN A CLASSROOM","authors":"N. Krawczyk, Zdzisław Piasta","doi":"10.30540/sae-2019-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2019-021","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the issue of thermal comfort based on the conducted study. First, the definition and importance of thermal comfort was discussed. Then, air parameters were measured and surveys were conducted regarding questions about the assessment of thermal comfort of persons using the room. The list of the subject thermal comfort evaluation tests are illustrated in the diagrams. The impact of gender and BMI on the Predicted Mean Vote PMV were also analyzed. In the next part, results obtained from surveys and according to formulas from the standard were developed, and then compared. (W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienie komfortu cieplnego w oparciu o przeprowadzone badanie. Najpierw omowiono definicje i znaczenie komfortu cieplnego. Nastepnie wykonano pomiary parametrow powietrza oraz przeprowadzono ankiety dotyczące pytan o ocene komfortu cieplnego osob uzytkujących pomieszczenie. Zestawienia badan oceny komfortu cieplnego zilustrowano na wykresach. Analizie poddano takze wplyw plci i wskaźnika BMI na przewidywaną średnią ocene PMV. W kolejnej cześci opracowano wyniki otrzymane z ankiet oraz wedlug wzorow z normy, a nastepnie je porownano.)","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"10 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126119805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS (SHMS) OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE IN VIETNAM","authors":"Luong Minh Chinh","doi":"10.30540/sae-2019-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2019-014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122098205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DECREASING THE HEIGHT OF MOTOR ROAD EMBANKMENTS BY CHANGING THE PRINCIPLE OF WATER FLOW AND SNOW PROTECTION IN THESE CONDITIONS","authors":"M. Nemchinov, A. Ivanova","doi":"10.30540/sae-2019-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2019-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130097517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"METHODS OF STRENGTH GRADING OF STRUCTURAL TIMBER – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VISUAL AND MACHINE GRADING ON THE EXAMPLE OF SCOTS PINE TIMBER FROM FOUR NATURAL FOREST REGIONS OF POLAND","authors":"A. Wdowiak, J. Brol","doi":"10.30540/sae-2019-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30540/sae-2019-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109008,"journal":{"name":"Structure and Environment","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128608477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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