Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3359
Darika Bunphan, R. Wanna, W. Pinta, Goitseone Malambane
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of sulphur (S) on growth, agricultural traits, seed yield and oil content in white, brown and black seed color of sesame grown under infertile soil. The experiment was conducted in RCBD arranged in factorial 3 × 4 with 3 reps under pot condition both dry and wet season; factor A was 3 cultivars of sesame and factor B was 4 levels of sulfur (S). The results showed that various cultivars of sesame responded differently to S levels. Some agronomic traits were not affected by S levels i.e. plant height, SCMR and 1000 seeds weight especially in wet season but these traits differed in various cultivars of sesame. Combined analysis of the two seasons was also done and the results showed that S levels did not affect to most traits except number of capsules, whereas interaction between cultivar and S level were found on number of branches, total dry weight and oil content, cv. KKU2 and KKU3 (black and brown seed). cv. KKU3 with application of S at 20 kg ha-1 showed highest total dry weight, whereas cv. KKU3 with application rate of S at 0 kg ha-1 showed highest oil content followed by cv. MK60 with 80 kg ha-1. Interestingly the black and brown seeded cultivars had a positive response to S levels as compared to the white seeded cultivar. From the result, we can conclude that the dry season is the optimal season for sesame production in low fertile soils and that black and brown seed color responds positive to S level than white. However, we strongly suggest that field study should be undertaken to correlate our results in natural growing conditions
本试验旨在研究硫(S)对瘠薄土壤下芝麻生长、农艺性状、籽粒产量和白、棕、黑籽色含油量的影响。试验以RCBD为试材，按3 × 4阶乘，每组3次，干、湿季节盆栽条件下进行;因子A为3个芝麻品种，因子B为4个硫(S)水平。结果表明，不同品种芝麻对硫(S)水平的响应不同。一些农艺性状如株高、SCMR和千粒重不受S水平的影响，特别是在雨季，但这些性状在不同品种之间存在差异。两个季节的综合分析结果表明，除蒴果数外，S水平对其他性状无显著影响，而分枝数、总干重和含油量(cv)与S水平存在交互作用。KKU2和KKU3(黑色和棕色种子)。简历。施S 20 kg hm -1时，KKU3的总干重最高;在0 kg hm -1施用量为S时，KKU3含油量最高，cv次之。MK60与80公斤ha-1。有趣的是，与白色种子品种相比，黑色和棕色种子品种对S水平有正响应。结果表明，在低肥力土壤中，干季是芝麻生产的最佳季节，黑色和棕色种子颜色对S水平的响应大于白色种子颜色。然而，我们强烈建议应该进行实地研究，以将我们的结果与自然生长条件联系起来
{"title":"Growth, yield and oil content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as influenced by sulphur levels under infertile soil","authors":"Darika Bunphan, R. Wanna, W. Pinta, Goitseone Malambane","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3359","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of sulphur (S) on growth, agricultural traits, seed yield and oil content in white, brown and black seed color of sesame grown under infertile soil. The experiment was conducted in RCBD arranged in factorial 3 × 4 with 3 reps under pot condition both dry and wet season; factor A was 3 cultivars of sesame and factor B was 4 levels of sulfur (S). The results showed that various cultivars of sesame responded differently to S levels. Some agronomic traits were not affected by S levels i.e. plant height, SCMR and 1000 seeds weight especially in wet season but these traits differed in various cultivars of sesame. Combined analysis of the two seasons was also done and the results showed that S levels did not affect to most traits except number of capsules, whereas interaction between cultivar and S level were found on number of branches, total dry weight and oil content, cv. KKU2 and KKU3 (black and brown seed). cv. KKU3 with application of S at 20 kg ha-1 showed highest total dry weight, whereas cv. KKU3 with application rate of S at 0 kg ha-1 showed highest oil content followed by cv. MK60 with 80 kg ha-1. Interestingly the black and brown seeded cultivars had a positive response to S levels as compared to the white seeded cultivar. From the result, we can conclude that the dry season is the optimal season for sesame production in low fertile soils and that black and brown seed color responds positive to S level than white. However, we strongly suggest that field study should be undertaken to correlate our results in natural growing conditions","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88026263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3255
Rosane Angélica Reis dos Anjos, C. Lisboa, G. Silva, Valter Vaz, Itamar Rosa Teixeira, Marcos Eduardo, Araújo, P. C. Corrêa, J. H. Mota, A. Silva, A. Lourenço
The consortium between bean and castor aims to increase the yield per unit area and sustainability in land use. This system has several benefits, but the use of different genetic materials must be carefully evaluated, especially the behavior of smaller castor hybrids, since little research on their use in a consortium system is available. This study aimed to evaluate the components of production and yield of common bean cultivars and small castor hybrids, in two field experiments conducted in the intercropping and monoculture systems, in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 harvests, in two cultivation sites in the Midwest region of Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design, in a 4 x 2 + 6 factorial scheme, composed of four common bean genetic materials of different growth types and colors (Pérola, BRS Esteio, BRS Pitanga, and BRSMG Realce), a consortium with two short castor hybrid cultivars (Tamar and Agima 110204) and six additional treatments and bean and castor genetic material in monoculture, with three replications. Agronomic components and grain yields were determined in both experiments, for bean cultivars and castor hybrids. Bean and castor genetic materials presented the same agronomic performance in the studied agricultural and local crops, regardless of the cropping system. The intercropping between common bean cultivars (BRS Esteio, BRSMG Realce and BRS Pitanga) and castor hybrids (Tamar and Ag Ima) was classified as viable by the area equivalence index, since this index presented values greater than 1.0 for the intercropping between these cultivars. Thus, it is recommended for common bean in a system intercropped with small castor hybrids, regardless of the cultivated genetic material
{"title":"Yield of common bean cultivars and castor hybrids intercropped in two cultivation sites with oxisol in the Midwest region of Brazil","authors":"Rosane Angélica Reis dos Anjos, C. Lisboa, G. Silva, Valter Vaz, Itamar Rosa Teixeira, Marcos Eduardo, Araújo, P. C. Corrêa, J. H. Mota, A. Silva, A. Lourenço","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3255","url":null,"abstract":"The consortium between bean and castor aims to increase the yield per unit area and sustainability in land use. This system has several benefits, but the use of different genetic materials must be carefully evaluated, especially the behavior of smaller castor hybrids, since little research on their use in a consortium system is available. This study aimed to evaluate the components of production and yield of common bean cultivars and small castor hybrids, in two field experiments conducted in the intercropping and monoculture systems, in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 harvests, in two cultivation sites in the Midwest region of Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design, in a 4 x 2 + 6 factorial scheme, composed of four common bean genetic materials of different growth types and colors (Pérola, BRS Esteio, BRS Pitanga, and BRSMG Realce), a consortium with two short castor hybrid cultivars (Tamar and Agima 110204) and six additional treatments and bean and castor genetic material in monoculture, with three replications. Agronomic components and grain yields were determined in both experiments, for bean cultivars and castor hybrids. Bean and castor genetic materials presented the same agronomic performance in the studied agricultural and local crops, regardless of the cropping system. The intercropping between common bean cultivars (BRS Esteio, BRSMG Realce and BRS Pitanga) and castor hybrids (Tamar and Ag Ima) was classified as viable by the area equivalence index, since this index presented values greater than 1.0 for the intercropping between these cultivars. Thus, it is recommended for common bean in a system intercropped with small castor hybrids, regardless of the cultivated genetic material","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86401143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3091
A. Carvalho, G. Silva, J. M. Luz, R. C. Oliveira, L. M. Pereira, L. Neto, G. Maciel
The adaptation of carrot cultivars to the environment is a fundamental factor for the cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential of carrot genotypes cultivated in two periods by the hierarchical and optimization methods. The experiments were set as completely randomized block design. The treatments consisted of four experimental hybrids (Hybrid 8, 12, 14 and 17), three open-pollinated cultivars (Brasilia, BRS Planalto and Suprema), and a commercial hybrid (Verano), carried out at two cropping seasons. The unweighted pair-group using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), Tocher, and graphics of dispersion methods were applied. The UPGMA method and the graphic of dispersion enabled better separation of the genotypes evaluated in the growing seasons. The genotypes hybrid 12, cultivars Suprema and Verano presented a similar performance in both growing seasons. The cultivar Alvorada presented the greatest carrot yield (26.6 t ha-1) and leaf fresh mass (1538.6 g plant-1) in the spring-summer season, while hybrid 27 presents great potential for a great production (37.6 t ha-1) of carrots in the autumn season
胡萝卜品种对环境的适应性是胡萝卜栽培的根本因素。本研究旨在利用分层优化方法评价两期栽培胡萝卜基因型的农艺潜力。实验采用完全随机区组设计。这些处理包括4个试验杂交种(杂种8、12、14和17)，3个开放授粉品种(Brasilia、BRS Planalto和Suprema)和一个商业杂交种(Verano)，在两个种植季节进行。使用算术平均(UPGMA)、Tocher和离散方法的图形的未加权对组。UPGMA方法和离散度图可以更好地分离生长季节评估的基因型。在两个生长季节，基因型杂交12、品种Suprema和Verano表现出相似的表现。品种Alvorada在春夏季胡萝卜产量最高(26.6 t ha-1)，叶鲜质量最高(1538.6 g- 1)，杂种27在秋季胡萝卜产量潜力最大(37.6 t ha-1)
{"title":"Multivariate techniques for identifying potential carrot hybrids","authors":"A. Carvalho, G. Silva, J. M. Luz, R. C. Oliveira, L. M. Pereira, L. Neto, G. Maciel","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3091","url":null,"abstract":"The adaptation of carrot cultivars to the environment is a fundamental factor for the cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential of carrot genotypes cultivated in two periods by the hierarchical and optimization methods. The experiments were set as completely randomized block design. The treatments consisted of four experimental hybrids (Hybrid 8, 12, 14 and 17), three open-pollinated cultivars (Brasilia, BRS Planalto and Suprema), and a commercial hybrid (Verano), carried out at two cropping seasons. The unweighted pair-group using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), Tocher, and graphics of dispersion methods were applied. The UPGMA method and the graphic of dispersion enabled better separation of the genotypes evaluated in the growing seasons. The genotypes hybrid 12, cultivars Suprema and Verano presented a similar performance in both growing seasons. The cultivar Alvorada presented the greatest carrot yield (26.6 t ha-1) and leaf fresh mass (1538.6 g plant-1) in the spring-summer season, while hybrid 27 presents great potential for a great production (37.6 t ha-1) of carrots in the autumn season","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91534524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3343
S. A. Hadi, L. Zakaria, S. N. Sidique, Murnita Mohmad Mahyudin, N. M. Nor
Rubber growers in Malaysia depend on soil drenching with propiconazole fungicide to control white root disease (WRD) caused by Rigidoporus microporus. The fungal infection affected the environmental ecosystem, giving rise to fungicide resistance. Recently, silicon (Si) has become an alternative to reduce and delay pathogenic fungal invasion. Therefore, the present study investigates the antifungal property of soluble silicon against R. microporus in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). In vitro dose-response towards soluble silicon types, i.e., silicic acid, sodium meta-silicate, sodium silicate, and calcium silicate with different concentrations (10, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000, 5000, and 8000 ppm) were determined on the Ayer Molek strain of R. microporus using the Poisoned Food Technique. Results showed that sodium meta-silicate inhibited mycelial growth (100%) at 5000 and 8000 ppm concentrations compared to other types of soluble silicon. However, silicic acid inhibited more than 50% R. microporus at a minimal concentration of 500 ppm, which could be considered the most effective antifungal from the soluble silicon group. Moreover, the higher pH values did not solely affect the inhibition rate of R. microporus. Microscopic observation showed the changes of R. microporus hyphae width grown on soluble silicon medium agar compared to the control (without Si). The Dipped Stick Inhibition Assay revealed that a higher concentration and more frequent soluble silicon application effectively inhibited R. microporus growth. Thus, this study proved that soluble silicon, especially silicic acid and sodium meta-silicate, showed promising results as antifungal agents and fungicidal in controlling white root disease
{"title":"The potential of soluble silicon for managing white root disease in rubber \u0000(Hevea brasiliensis)","authors":"S. A. Hadi, L. Zakaria, S. N. Sidique, Murnita Mohmad Mahyudin, N. M. Nor","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3343","url":null,"abstract":"Rubber growers in Malaysia depend on soil drenching with propiconazole fungicide to control white root disease (WRD) caused by Rigidoporus microporus. The fungal infection affected the environmental ecosystem, giving rise to fungicide resistance. Recently, silicon (Si) has become an alternative to reduce and delay pathogenic fungal invasion. Therefore, the present study investigates the antifungal property of soluble silicon against R. microporus in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). In vitro dose-response towards soluble silicon types, i.e., silicic acid, sodium meta-silicate, sodium silicate, and calcium silicate with different concentrations (10, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000, 5000, and 8000 ppm) were determined on the Ayer Molek strain of R. microporus using the Poisoned Food Technique. Results showed that sodium meta-silicate inhibited mycelial growth (100%) at 5000 and 8000 ppm concentrations compared to other types of soluble silicon. However, silicic acid inhibited more than 50% R. microporus at a minimal concentration of 500 ppm, which could be considered the most effective antifungal from the soluble silicon group. Moreover, the higher pH values did not solely affect the inhibition rate of R. microporus. Microscopic observation showed the changes of R. microporus hyphae width grown on soluble silicon medium agar compared to the control (without Si). The Dipped Stick Inhibition Assay revealed that a higher concentration and more frequent soluble silicon application effectively inhibited R. microporus growth. Thus, this study proved that soluble silicon, especially silicic acid and sodium meta-silicate, showed promising results as antifungal agents and fungicidal in controlling white root disease","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79153339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2930
Romeu da Silva Leite, Marilza Neves do Nascimento, Daniele de Brito Trindade, Alismário Leite da Silva, U. C. Oliveira, Ianna Kamyla Freitas Lima
Plant sensitization with nitric oxide (NO) donors may improve the tolerance to abiotic stresses such as water deficit. Physalis angulata is a genetic resource growing in semiarid areas of Brazil, with the potential for fruit growing and medicinal uses. In this experiment sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor was sprayed at three concentrations (0, 50 and 100 µM) at 25 and 49 days after transplantation in well-watered plants and underwater deficit to evaluate the NO mitigating role. The gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, water relations, growth and productivity parameters were evaluated. The water deficit negatively influenced most of the variables analyzed. However, the SNP spray was able to attenuate, reverse or act in the recovery of stress effects. There was an improvement in gas exchange, especially carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration; as well as an increase in total chlorophyll content. The donated NO was able to influence the plant water status. Besides, it promoted an increase in growth parameters, especially in photoassimilates incorporation and yield. However, the NO supply to plants under well-watered conditions does not seem to affect the physiology parameters. The NO supply in micromolar concentrations can attenuate or even reverse the water deficit effects on this species, being an important tool for promoting tolerance to this abiotic stress
{"title":"Nitric oxide improves gas exchange and growth in Physalis angulata plants under water deficit","authors":"Romeu da Silva Leite, Marilza Neves do Nascimento, Daniele de Brito Trindade, Alismário Leite da Silva, U. C. Oliveira, Ianna Kamyla Freitas Lima","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2930","url":null,"abstract":"Plant sensitization with nitric oxide (NO) donors may improve the tolerance to abiotic stresses such as water deficit. Physalis angulata is a genetic resource growing in semiarid areas of Brazil, with the potential for fruit growing and medicinal uses. In this experiment sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor was sprayed at three concentrations (0, 50 and 100 µM) at 25 and 49 days after transplantation in well-watered plants and underwater deficit to evaluate the NO mitigating role. The gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, water relations, growth and productivity parameters were evaluated. The water deficit negatively influenced most of the variables analyzed. However, the SNP spray was able to attenuate, reverse or act in the recovery of stress effects. There was an improvement in gas exchange, especially carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration; as well as an increase in total chlorophyll content. The donated NO was able to influence the plant water status. Besides, it promoted an increase in growth parameters, especially in photoassimilates incorporation and yield. However, the NO supply to plants under well-watered conditions does not seem to affect the physiology parameters. The NO supply in micromolar concentrations can attenuate or even reverse the water deficit effects on this species, being an important tool for promoting tolerance to this abiotic stress","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79168857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3148
Marihus Altoé Baldotto, R. O. Melo, Lílian Estrela Borges Baldotto
Currently, there is a higher demand for improved seeds, associated with the treatment with fungicides, insecticides, and recently inoculants and biostimulants. Treating corn seeds with humic acid (HA) triggers physiological and metabolic processes that can increase productivity. However, the effects of seed immersion time on plant performance are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to test different periods of corn seed immersion in HA (10 mmol L-1 of C) and the effects on seedling development characteristics. The treatments consisted of soaking seeds for 00:00; 00:17; 01:00; 02:00; 04:00; 08:00; 16:00 and 24:00 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates. At 30 days after sowing, two plants per replicate were collected to determine the shoot, root, and total fresh and dry masses of the plants. The plants grown from seeds soaked for 8 hours had the strongest response among the plants analyzed in this study
{"title":"Initial development of maize in response to different periods of seed immersion in humic acid (HA)","authors":"Marihus Altoé Baldotto, R. O. Melo, Lílian Estrela Borges Baldotto","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3148","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is a higher demand for improved seeds, associated with the treatment with fungicides, insecticides, and recently inoculants and biostimulants. Treating corn seeds with humic acid (HA) triggers physiological and metabolic processes that can increase productivity. However, the effects of seed immersion time on plant performance are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to test different periods of corn seed immersion in HA (10 mmol L-1 of C) and the effects on seedling development characteristics. The treatments consisted of soaking seeds for 00:00; 00:17; 01:00; 02:00; 04:00; 08:00; 16:00 and 24:00 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates. At 30 days after sowing, two plants per replicate were collected to determine the shoot, root, and total fresh and dry masses of the plants. The plants grown from seeds soaked for 8 hours had the strongest response among the plants analyzed in this study","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89744994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3291
M. L. Pimentel, I. Reis, Jailson Sousa de Castro, Victor Sousa Portela, Maria Lita Padinha Corrêa Romano, C. Vildoso, E. Gasparin, Eliandra de Freitas Sia
Cassava is a crop of major socioeconomic importance in Brazil because of its versatility and high yield in nutrient-poor soils. Fertilization can improve soil quality and further increase cassava yield. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer sources on soil total organic carbon (TOC) and cassava yield indicators. The experiment was conducted on a family farm in Santarém, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with four treatments and five replications. Treatments were as follows: T1, unfertilized soil (control); T2, NPK fertilizer; T3, poultry manure; and T4, cattle manure. The variables analyzed were soil TOC, shoot fresh weight, plant height, marketable stem diameter, marketable root yield, and yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Tukey’s test (p < 0.05), hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis. Application of organic fertilizers (T3 and T4) increased soil TOC levels. Chemical fertilizer treatment (T2) resulted in the highest shoot fresh weight, yield, and marketable root yield. Marketable stem diameter was positively influenced by T2 and T4. There were no significant treatment effects on plant height. Hierarchical clustering isolated organic fertilizers (T3 and T4) from other treatments. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components, which together explained 87.77% of the total variance. Organic fertilizer application provided the highest TOC accumulation during the experimental period, whereas NPK fertilization was the most effective in increasing cassava yield in the first year of cultivation
{"title":"Cassava yield indicators and total organic carbon in tropical soils under different fertilization treatments","authors":"M. L. Pimentel, I. Reis, Jailson Sousa de Castro, Victor Sousa Portela, Maria Lita Padinha Corrêa Romano, C. Vildoso, E. Gasparin, Eliandra de Freitas Sia","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3291","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava is a crop of major socioeconomic importance in Brazil because of its versatility and high yield in nutrient-poor soils. Fertilization can improve soil quality and further increase cassava yield. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer sources on soil total organic carbon (TOC) and cassava yield indicators. The experiment was conducted on a family farm in Santarém, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with four treatments and five replications. Treatments were as follows: T1, unfertilized soil (control); T2, NPK fertilizer; T3, poultry manure; and T4, cattle manure. The variables analyzed were soil TOC, shoot fresh weight, plant height, marketable stem diameter, marketable root yield, and yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Tukey’s test (p < 0.05), hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis. Application of organic fertilizers (T3 and T4) increased soil TOC levels. Chemical fertilizer treatment (T2) resulted in the highest shoot fresh weight, yield, and marketable root yield. Marketable stem diameter was positively influenced by T2 and T4. There were no significant treatment effects on plant height. Hierarchical clustering isolated organic fertilizers (T3 and T4) from other treatments. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components, which together explained 87.77% of the total variance. Organic fertilizer application provided the highest TOC accumulation during the experimental period, whereas NPK fertilization was the most effective in increasing cassava yield in the first year of cultivation","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86969135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2497
M. Tomazetti, E. R. Camargo, João Paulo Correia Gomes, J. Parfitt, J. O. D. Silva, I. S. Moisinho, Harriet Brickhill, G. Concenço
This study aimed to analyze the impact of ryegrass as a soil cover on soil moisture level, initial rice establishment, grain yield and weed control in irrigated rice planted after ryegrass. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in randomized blocks design with four replications. Ryegrass (cv. BRS Ponteio) was planted in autumn and glyphosate was used as a knockdown before rice planting. Ryegrass plants were cut at 0, 0.15, 0.30 or 0.45 m above ground, resulting in different mulching levels. Rice (cv. Irga 424 CL) was planted in spring and was managed according to local crop recommendations. Although positive to the overall cropping system, ryegrass mulching suppressed rice emergence, especially with ryegrass cutting heights above 0.30 m, thus increased seeding densities in rice fields with substantial ryegrass soil cover may be needed. Ryegrass mulching had no significant effect on weed suppression, with positive results being observed only with ≥ 3000 kg ha 1 of ryegrass dry mass mulching. However, the rice yield in relation to the bare soil treatment was 14.3% less when straw quantity was 4500kg ha-1, reinforcing the need for evaluating the benefits and costs of ryegrass as a cover crop in rice production
{"title":"Impact of ryegrass cover on lowland rice establishment","authors":"M. Tomazetti, E. R. Camargo, João Paulo Correia Gomes, J. Parfitt, J. O. D. Silva, I. S. Moisinho, Harriet Brickhill, G. Concenço","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2497","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the impact of ryegrass as a soil cover on soil moisture level, initial rice establishment, grain yield and weed control in irrigated rice planted after ryegrass. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in randomized blocks design with four replications. Ryegrass (cv. BRS Ponteio) was planted in autumn and glyphosate was used as a knockdown before rice planting. Ryegrass plants were cut at 0, 0.15, 0.30 or 0.45 m above ground, resulting in different mulching levels. Rice (cv. Irga 424 CL) was planted in spring and was managed according to local crop recommendations. Although positive to the overall cropping system, ryegrass mulching suppressed rice emergence, especially with ryegrass cutting heights above 0.30 m, thus increased seeding densities in rice fields with substantial ryegrass soil cover may be needed. Ryegrass mulching had no significant effect on weed suppression, with positive results being observed only with ≥ 3000 kg ha 1 of ryegrass dry mass mulching. However, the rice yield in relation to the bare soil treatment was 14.3% less when straw quantity was 4500kg ha-1, reinforcing the need for evaluating the benefits and costs of ryegrass as a cover crop in rice production","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87441709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2856
Mofokeng Ma, Amelework Ba, Chipeta O, Sibiya J, Gerrano As, Shargie N, Mashingaidze K
Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) is a legume crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The objective of the study was to assess the presence of genetic diversity among fifty three groundnut genotypes of diverse origin using eleven agronomic and twenty SSR markers. The analysis of variance showed that highly significant variations exist among the genotypes for all phenotypic traits measured. Five principal components showed 71% of the total phenotypic variation. The SSR loci showed high values of polymorphic information content ranging from 0.31 to 0.89, with a mean of 0.71. Heterozygosity values ranged between 0.03 and 1.00 with a mean of 0.57. The genotypes showed a wide range of allelic diversity from 3 to 16, with a mean of 8.1 alleles per locus. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that larger variability (59%) was due to variation within individuals, whilst the remaining variation was accounted for variation among individuals within population. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two distinct clusters, where it showed that the discrimination of the genotypes was not dependant on the origin of the genotypes. The high gene flow observed among the different geographic origin might contribute to the low differentiation among the population. The SSR and phenotypic markers were able to detect wide genetic diversity and discriminate groundnut genotypes. The two genetically distinct groups observed in this study, can be used as source of genes of novelty and parental lines for transgressive segregation and for further broadening of the genetic base of the crop
{"title":"Assessment of genetic variability in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes grown under South African conditions using agronomic and SSR markers","authors":"Mofokeng Ma, Amelework Ba, Chipeta O, Sibiya J, Gerrano As, Shargie N, Mashingaidze K","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2856","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) is a legume crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The objective of the study was to assess the presence of genetic diversity among fifty three groundnut genotypes of diverse origin using eleven agronomic and twenty SSR markers. The analysis of variance showed that highly significant variations exist among the genotypes for all phenotypic traits measured. Five principal components showed 71% of the total phenotypic variation. The SSR loci showed high values of polymorphic information content ranging from 0.31 to 0.89, with a mean of 0.71. Heterozygosity values ranged between 0.03 and 1.00 with a mean of 0.57. The genotypes showed a wide range of allelic diversity from 3 to 16, with a mean of 8.1 alleles per locus. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that larger variability (59%) was due to variation within individuals, whilst the remaining variation was accounted for variation among individuals within population. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two distinct clusters, where it showed that the discrimination of the genotypes was not dependant on the origin of the genotypes. The high gene flow observed among the different geographic origin might contribute to the low differentiation among the population. The SSR and phenotypic markers were able to detect wide genetic diversity and discriminate groundnut genotypes. The two genetically distinct groups observed in this study, can be used as source of genes of novelty and parental lines for transgressive segregation and for further broadening of the genetic base of the crop","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"491 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78130983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3189
Neyaz Rashid Mustafa, G. Saleh, P. Kashiani
Superiority of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) hybrid varieties is reflected by their performance per se, heterosis they reveal and combining ability of their inbred parents. This study was conducted to investigate performance, combining ability, heterosis and heritability revealed by 15 F1 tropical sweet corn hybrids from a half-diallel cross involving six diverse inbred lines, at two locations in Malaysia. At each location, the hybrids were evaluated for ear yield and yield components in a randomised complete block design, in comparison with their inbred parents and a commercial hybrid variety Hybrid 530 as control. Hybrids H11, H12 and H15 were found to be the most superior for yield and yield components, hence could be further tested in large-scale trials before release. Inbred lines FTT-1, EE0-2 and HAW-1 showed high positive GCA effects for yield and yield-related traits at both locations. Cross combinations HAV-2 × NTS-2, HSE-4 × NTS-2, NTS-2 × EE0-2 and EE0-2 × HAW-1 revealed high positive SCA effects for fresh ear yield and yield related traits at both location. Crosses among unrelated lines were found to produce superior hybrids. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were found important, although additive effects were predominating. The hybrids revealed substantially high heterosis, the highest being for number of ears per hectare and ear height. Moderate to high broad- and narrow-sense heritabi1ity estimates were displayed by the different traits measured
{"title":"Genetic potential of tropical sweet corn hybrids and combining ability among parental inbred lines","authors":"Neyaz Rashid Mustafa, G. Saleh, P. Kashiani","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p3189","url":null,"abstract":"Superiority of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) hybrid varieties is reflected by their performance per se, heterosis they reveal and combining ability of their inbred parents. This study was conducted to investigate performance, combining ability, heterosis and heritability revealed by 15 F1 tropical sweet corn hybrids from a half-diallel cross involving six diverse inbred lines, at two locations in Malaysia. At each location, the hybrids were evaluated for ear yield and yield components in a randomised complete block design, in comparison with their inbred parents and a commercial hybrid variety Hybrid 530 as control. Hybrids H11, H12 and H15 were found to be the most superior for yield and yield components, hence could be further tested in large-scale trials before release. Inbred lines FTT-1, EE0-2 and HAW-1 showed high positive GCA effects for yield and yield-related traits at both locations. Cross combinations HAV-2 × NTS-2, HSE-4 × NTS-2, NTS-2 × EE0-2 and EE0-2 × HAW-1 revealed high positive SCA effects for fresh ear yield and yield related traits at both location. Crosses among unrelated lines were found to produce superior hybrids. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were found important, although additive effects were predominating. The hybrids revealed substantially high heterosis, the highest being for number of ears per hectare and ear height. Moderate to high broad- and narrow-sense heritabi1ity estimates were displayed by the different traits measured","PeriodicalId":10904,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Tue, October 19, 2021","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84021838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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