Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2014.3.3.089
D. Bruzzese
Background: it is widely recognized that the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels as a biomarker of prostate cancer is imperfect, in that it can have many false positive elevations attributable to benign hyperplasia and subclinical prostatic inflammation. There is increasing data that support a positive correlation between gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity and tumor cell invasion and tumor aggressiveness. Objectives: we evaluated gelatinolytic activities in the sera of patients with prostate carcinoma (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in order to verify whether MMP-2 and MMP-9 might have a potential as non-invasive biomarkers. Methods: by gelatin zymography, we verified MMP activity in a total of 42 patients. Of these, 8 had benign prostate hyperplasia and 34 had carcinoma. A total of 16 normal healthy volunteers with no concomitant illnesses were used as controls. Results: four dominant proteinases were detected migrating at ~ 240, 130, 92 and 72 kDa. The most abundant lytic activity is at 92 kDa (MMP-9); whereas MMP-2 is present in smaller quantities. MMP-9 activity is significantly enhanced in the sera from patients with cancer compared with control individuals (p=0.003). Moreover, MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio was able to discriminate cancer patients from healthy subjects as well as from BPH, and the ROC curve showed that the ratio was a significant predictor for prostate cancer with sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 87%. Discussion: these results suggest that the inexpensive measurement of MMPs in serum may serve as a suitable supplementary tool to distinguish patients with prostate cancer from patients with BPH, and the addition of these enzymes to currently available PSA and/or f-PSA/t-PSA ratio might provide clinicians additional objective information on prostate carcinomas.
{"title":"Substrate gelatin zymogrophy analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (gelatinase A and B) in sera from patients with benign and malignant prostate disease","authors":"D. Bruzzese","doi":"10.11138/PER/2014.3.3.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2014.3.3.089","url":null,"abstract":"Background: it is widely recognized that the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels as a biomarker of prostate cancer is imperfect, in that it can have many false positive elevations attributable to benign hyperplasia and subclinical prostatic inflammation. There is increasing data that support a positive correlation between gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity and tumor cell invasion and tumor aggressiveness. Objectives: we evaluated gelatinolytic activities in the sera of patients with prostate carcinoma (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in order to verify whether MMP-2 and MMP-9 might have a potential as non-invasive biomarkers. Methods: by gelatin zymography, we verified MMP activity in a total of 42 patients. Of these, 8 had benign prostate hyperplasia and 34 had carcinoma. A total of 16 normal healthy volunteers with no concomitant illnesses were used as controls. Results: four dominant proteinases were detected migrating at ~ 240, 130, 92 and 72 kDa. The most abundant lytic activity is at 92 kDa (MMP-9); whereas MMP-2 is present in smaller quantities. MMP-9 activity is significantly enhanced in the sera from patients with cancer compared with control individuals (p=0.003). Moreover, MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio was able to discriminate cancer patients from healthy subjects as well as from BPH, and the ROC curve showed that the ratio was a significant predictor for prostate cancer with sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 87%. Discussion: these results suggest that the inexpensive measurement of MMPs in serum may serve as a suitable supplementary tool to distinguish patients with prostate cancer from patients with BPH, and the addition of these enzymes to currently available PSA and/or f-PSA/t-PSA ratio might provide clinicians additional objective information on prostate carcinomas.","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121403135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2016.5.4.101
G. Bertazzoni
Introduction: drug-induced angioedema is a transient swelling of the subcutaneous layer of the skin or submucosal layer of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. These drugs decrease the activity of the enzyme responsible for the degradation of bradykinin, which is then overproduced causing vasodilation and increased permeability. The aim of this piece of research is to identify descriptions of new drugs that can induce angioedema, in light of the latest scientific discoveries. Materials and methods: a bibliographic research was conducted using keyword “angioedema druginduced ” limited to human race, identifying 267 articles in the last 5 years (2012-2016). Exclusion criterias were applied and the data obtained was organized in a database. The overall sample is composed of 5.387 patients who have had angioedema and are reported in 12 articles; in 4.732 cases angioedema is due to one (or more) drugs. Results: the average age of patients with angioedema is 65 +/11 years, with a slight predominance of the female gender. Some of these patients were already hospitalized, generally in Critical Care Units such as the Stroke Unit; some others were directly hospitalized from the Emergency Room. Discussion: evidence has shown bradykinin playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of most forms of non-allergic angioedema, while histamine acts as the major biological mediator in allergic angioedema, with urticaria, rash and flushing, and bronchocostriction. This review highlights the need of training for both emergency physicians in Emergency Departments, and nurses in Triage stations on the diagnosis of this disease that, whilst rare, may be induced by several drugs, whose
{"title":"Drug-induced angioedema: an update on new cases and new drugs","authors":"G. Bertazzoni","doi":"10.11138/PER/2016.5.4.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2016.5.4.101","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: drug-induced angioedema is a transient swelling of the subcutaneous layer of the skin or submucosal layer of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. These drugs decrease the activity of the enzyme responsible for the degradation of bradykinin, which is then overproduced causing vasodilation and increased permeability. The aim of this piece of research is to identify descriptions of new drugs that can induce angioedema, in light of the latest scientific discoveries. Materials and methods: a bibliographic research was conducted using keyword “angioedema druginduced ” limited to human race, identifying 267 articles in the last 5 years (2012-2016). Exclusion criterias were applied and the data obtained was organized in a database. The overall sample is composed of 5.387 patients who have had angioedema and are reported in 12 articles; in 4.732 cases angioedema is due to one (or more) drugs. Results: the average age of patients with angioedema is 65 +/11 years, with a slight predominance of the female gender. Some of these patients were already hospitalized, generally in Critical Care Units such as the Stroke Unit; some others were directly hospitalized from the Emergency Room. Discussion: evidence has shown bradykinin playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of most forms of non-allergic angioedema, while histamine acts as the major biological mediator in allergic angioedema, with urticaria, rash and flushing, and bronchocostriction. This review highlights the need of training for both emergency physicians in Emergency Departments, and nurses in Triage stations on the diagnosis of this disease that, whilst rare, may be induced by several drugs, whose","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132582356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PR/2013.2.2.066
Vergallo Gianluca Montanari
Background: in recent years, the Italian Supreme Court has stated principles leading to: a) an increase in damages awarded to patients and premiums demanded by insurance, resulting in increased health care costs, b) the birth and growth of the so-called defensive medicine with major economic repercussions. The Italian legislator tried to remedy the spread of defensive medicine by enacting Law n. 189/2012. Objectives: the authors illustrate the actual innovations introduced by the law in the medical liability system developed by the Italian Supreme Court in the last fifteen years. The authors analyze the question of the suitability of the reform: a) to eliminate the practice of defensive medicine; b) to reduce expenditure for compensations; c) to increase the serenity of physicians in their medical practice. Methods: the authors analyze the effects of the new rules and compare them with the principles laid down by the Supreme Court on negligence, contractual liability and personal injury. Results/Discussion and Conclusions: law n. 189/2012 confirms that the guidelines are not binding. Indeed, the doctor who complies with the guideline can in any case be declared liable when the circumstances of the case make it not applicable. However, the legislative reform states that if the physician meets with guidelines which were not to be applied, the penal responsibility can be established only when his/her conduct constitutes a gross negligence of the doctor. Hence, the legislator has decriminalized negligence. This new rule raises first of all unconstitutionality issues. Furthermore, the application of a guideline also aimed at reducing health care spending could be considered as a gross negligence because the Italian Supreme Court has stated that the predominance of the patient's health over economic interests of medical facilities is a basic rule. Hence, the doctor would in any case be convicted. With regard to civil liability, the legislative reform states that in case of slight negligence, the duty laid down in article 2043 of the Civil Code applies. Although article 2043 of the Civil Code relates only to the pecuniary loss and non-contractual liability, the reform does not appear to change either the contractual nature of the medical liability or the obligation to compensate also the biological and the pain-and-suffering damages. Indeed, law no. 189/2012 refers only to the obligation under article 2043 of the Civil Code, i.e. the obligation to compensate contra ius damages. As a result, article 2043 does not refer to the nature of liability, whether contractual or non-contractual. In addition, the concept of contra ius damage may also include the biological damage as well as the pain-and-suffering damage. Otherwise, the legislative reform would be unconstitutional. Concerning the quantification of damages, the reform states that the court must take into account the fact that the physician has complied with the guidelines. But this rule determines un
{"title":"The legislative reform of medical liability in Italy and the decriminalization of slight negligence: controversial issues","authors":"Vergallo Gianluca Montanari","doi":"10.11138/PR/2013.2.2.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PR/2013.2.2.066","url":null,"abstract":"Background: in recent years, the Italian Supreme Court has stated principles leading to: a) an increase in damages awarded to patients and premiums demanded by insurance, resulting in increased health care costs, b) the birth and growth of the so-called defensive medicine with major economic repercussions. The Italian legislator tried to remedy the spread of defensive medicine by enacting Law n. 189/2012. Objectives: the authors illustrate the actual innovations introduced by the law in the medical liability system developed by the Italian Supreme Court in the last fifteen years. The authors analyze the question of the suitability of the reform: a) to eliminate the practice of defensive medicine; b) to reduce expenditure for compensations; c) to increase the serenity of physicians in their medical practice. Methods: the authors analyze the effects of the new rules and compare them with the principles laid down by the Supreme Court on negligence, contractual liability and personal injury. Results/Discussion and Conclusions: law n. 189/2012 confirms that the guidelines are not binding. Indeed, the doctor who complies with the guideline can in any case be declared liable when the circumstances of the case make it not applicable. However, the legislative reform states that if the physician meets with guidelines which were not to be applied, the penal responsibility can be established only when his/her conduct constitutes a gross negligence of the doctor. Hence, the legislator has decriminalized negligence. This new rule raises first of all unconstitutionality issues. Furthermore, the application of a guideline also aimed at reducing health care spending could be considered as a gross negligence because the Italian Supreme Court has stated that the predominance of the patient's health over economic interests of medical facilities is a basic rule. Hence, the doctor would in any case be convicted. With regard to civil liability, the legislative reform states that in case of slight negligence, the duty laid down in article 2043 of the Civil Code applies. Although article 2043 of the Civil Code relates only to the pecuniary loss and non-contractual liability, the reform does not appear to change either the contractual nature of the medical liability or the obligation to compensate also the biological and the pain-and-suffering damages. Indeed, law no. 189/2012 refers only to the obligation under article 2043 of the Civil Code, i.e. the obligation to compensate contra ius damages. As a result, article 2043 does not refer to the nature of liability, whether contractual or non-contractual. In addition, the concept of contra ius damage may also include the biological damage as well as the pain-and-suffering damage. Otherwise, the legislative reform would be unconstitutional. Concerning the quantification of damages, the reform states that the court must take into account the fact that the physician has complied with the guidelines. But this rule determines un","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130809919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2016.5.4.130
W. Antonelli
Over the past few years, incidental thyroid microcarcinoma has become a frequent disease, and its reported incidence is considerable. Discovering new cases depends on the extended indications for total thyroidectomy for benign disease, on progress in the field of diagnostic instruments (ultrasound, scintigram, fine needle biopsy for cytology, CT scan, MRI, PET), and on the pathological examination of very thin slices of specimens. In spite of the high incidence reported in some autopsy series, which suggests that this tumour may have a good prognosis, some Authors report an overall incidence of up to 11% of local recurrence, metastasis or mortality. For all these reasons, the surgical treatment of incidental thyroid microcarcinoma is still controversial. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of incidental thyroid microcarcinoma and examine the clinical-pathological findings of incidental thyroid microcarcinoma. A total of 199 operative findings derived from total thyroidectomy that were recorded between January 2012 and December 2015 were assessed from the point of view of a histopathology. The histological diagnosis was made by a pathologist according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) through an assessment of sections of the thyroid gland that were no more than 2 mm thick. Following these routine histological examinations, 28 cases (14,07%) of “incidental” thyroid microcarcinoma were found. The mean tumour size was 4.10 mm (range: 0.12 mm to 10 mm). The tumours were multifocal in two patients, and none of them presented lymph node metastases. Thyroid microcarcinoma is a malignant tumour associated with a good prognosis. Multifocality should be the main factor considered in selecting the type of thyroid surgery. A total thyroidectomy may be regarded as sufficient treatment for this condition.
{"title":"Occult thyroid microcarcinomas in benign thyroid disease","authors":"W. Antonelli","doi":"10.11138/PER/2016.5.4.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2016.5.4.130","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, incidental thyroid microcarcinoma has become a frequent disease, and its reported incidence is considerable. Discovering new cases depends on the extended indications for total thyroidectomy for benign disease, on progress in the field of diagnostic instruments (ultrasound, scintigram, fine needle biopsy for cytology, CT scan, MRI, PET), and on the pathological examination of very thin slices of specimens. In spite of the high incidence reported in some autopsy series, which suggests that this tumour may have a good prognosis, some Authors report an overall incidence of up to 11% of local recurrence, metastasis or mortality. For all these reasons, the surgical treatment of incidental thyroid microcarcinoma is still controversial. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of incidental thyroid microcarcinoma and examine the clinical-pathological findings of incidental thyroid microcarcinoma. A total of 199 operative findings derived from total thyroidectomy that were recorded between January 2012 and December 2015 were assessed from the point of view of a histopathology. The histological diagnosis was made by a pathologist according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) through an assessment of sections of the thyroid gland that were no more than 2 mm thick. Following these routine histological examinations, 28 cases (14,07%) of “incidental” thyroid microcarcinoma were found. The mean tumour size was 4.10 mm (range: 0.12 mm to 10 mm). The tumours were multifocal in two patients, and none of them presented lymph node metastases. Thyroid microcarcinoma is a malignant tumour associated with a good prognosis. Multifocality should be the main factor considered in selecting the type of thyroid surgery. A total thyroidectomy may be regarded as sufficient treatment for this condition.","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"516 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133236852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2017.6.2.016
G. Cossu
The Cerebral Cavernous Malformations are insidious diseases; they can remain asymptomatic for a long time, the symptoms are often blurred, the overt manifestations can be severe and dangerous (cerebral haemorrhage). The anamnesis and its revaluation prove still to be cornerstones of the diagnostic, more for diseases with indistinct symptoms that might otherwise be ignored. The Authors in this article demonstrate how the careful anamnesis revaluation, followed by the radiological examinations of the case, allowed the identification of a cerebral cavernous malformation; they conclude that it surely has allowed to speed up the clinical care path of the patient and to provide a correct indication for the resolution of the dis-
{"title":"Importance of anamnesis evaluation in the correct diagnosis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations","authors":"G. Cossu","doi":"10.11138/PER/2017.6.2.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2017.6.2.016","url":null,"abstract":"The Cerebral Cavernous Malformations are insidious diseases; they can remain asymptomatic for a long time, the symptoms are often blurred, the overt manifestations can be severe and dangerous (cerebral haemorrhage). The anamnesis and its revaluation prove still to be cornerstones of the diagnostic, more for diseases with indistinct symptoms that might otherwise be ignored. The Authors in this article demonstrate how the careful anamnesis revaluation, followed by the radiological examinations of the case, allowed the identification of a cerebral cavernous malformation; they conclude that it surely has allowed to speed up the clinical care path of the patient and to provide a correct indication for the resolution of the dis-","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117324201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2015.5.1.033
F. Tomei
Introduction: some categories of outdoor workers are more exposed to certain pollutants in relation to the working hours in open air and to the potential chemicals used in their activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the lipid parameters in environment technicians exposed and in indoor workers (control group). Materials and Methods: we studied the lipid parameters (Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) comparing mean and standard deviation in 129 male indoor administrative workers and 129 male environment technician outdoor workers. The two groups have been made comparable by age, working age, alcohol consumption and smoking habits. We eliminated all the workers that presented confounding factors. Results: we found a significative increase of LDL values and a significative decrease of HDL values in the outdoor worker group. Discussion: the results suggests that some pollutants present in the air can influence HDL and LDL values.
{"title":"Evaluation of lipid parameters in outdoor and indoor workers: preliminary results","authors":"F. Tomei","doi":"10.11138/PER/2015.5.1.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2015.5.1.033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: some categories of outdoor workers are more exposed to certain pollutants in relation to the working hours in open air and to the potential chemicals used in their activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the lipid parameters in environment technicians exposed and in indoor workers (control group). Materials and Methods: we studied the lipid parameters (Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) comparing mean and standard deviation in 129 male indoor administrative workers and 129 male environment technician outdoor workers. The two groups have been made comparable by age, working age, alcohol consumption and smoking habits. We eliminated all the workers that presented confounding factors. Results: we found a significative increase of LDL values and a significative decrease of HDL values in the outdoor worker group. Discussion: the results suggests that some pollutants present in the air can influence HDL and LDL values.","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131008810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2014.3.1.010
P. Sartorelli, V. Paolucci
Asbestosis, silicosis and CBD are the most common pneumoconiosis. Being characterized by the presence of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, a relevant issue is represented by the differential diagnosis with non-occupational interstitial pulmonary diseases. Epidemiological data are scarce due to the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, varied physician awareness and training, the limitations of the available data sources (death certificates, hospital records, medical surveillance, notification to the public insurance system) and the long latency period between exposure and onset of the disease. Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis requires the recognition of occupational exposure, the existence of an adequate latency period, the exclusion of extraprofessional causal factors, and the presence of compatible clinical, radiological and functional respiratory aspects. The CT scan performed with high-resolution technique (High Resolution Computed Tomography HRCT) allows to confirm radiological signs of pneumoconiosis highlighting the early stages that cannot be diagnosed with the standard chest radiography. Indeed, this technique is much more sensitive than standard Rx even if it is difficult to determine in which extent, given the variability of data reported in the literature. The main limitation of this method is the huge variability intra and inter-operator. Therefore, in the last ten years several groups have tried to create an interpretation model for the classification of pneumoconiosis. ICOERD is a classification scheme for digital HRCT built on a model similar to the ILO classification for the standard chest radiogram. It consists of several elements for classification: small opacity with regular or irregular shape/linear to DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS www.preventionandresearch.com Oct-Dec 2013|P&R Scientific|Volume 3|N°4 310 which must also be defined the location and the profusion, large opacities, ground glass, honeycombing and emphysema. Pathological diagnosis of asbestosis is placed in the presence of a diffuse pulmonary fibrosis with a particular pattern of asbestos bodies and/or fibers attesting a relevant exposure. In asbestosis the interstitial fibrosis is located in the basilar and subpleural regions as in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) which is the main differential diagnosis. In addition to the presence of asbestos bodies and fibers, histologically asbestosis differs from IPF in the poor inflammatory component and the lesser presence of fibroblastic foci. The very early stages, characterized by bronchiolitis, pose a difficult diagnostic problem because lesions are very similar to those smoked-related. In any case, peribronchiolar fibrosis does not represent asbestosis. The most common form of silicosis (chronic simple silicosis) occurs after a latency period of at least 10 years and can be as long as 40 years. A more rapid onset is caused by intense exposure: the clinical appearance is similar, but the latency is shorter (5
{"title":"Diagnostic criteria of pneumoconiosis","authors":"P. Sartorelli, V. Paolucci","doi":"10.11138/PER/2014.3.1.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2014.3.1.010","url":null,"abstract":"Asbestosis, silicosis and CBD are the most common pneumoconiosis. Being characterized by the presence of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, a relevant issue is represented by the differential diagnosis with non-occupational interstitial pulmonary diseases. Epidemiological data are scarce due to the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, varied physician awareness and training, the limitations of the available data sources (death certificates, hospital records, medical surveillance, notification to the public insurance system) and the long latency period between exposure and onset of the disease. Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis requires the recognition of occupational exposure, the existence of an adequate latency period, the exclusion of extraprofessional causal factors, and the presence of compatible clinical, radiological and functional respiratory aspects. The CT scan performed with high-resolution technique (High Resolution Computed Tomography HRCT) allows to confirm radiological signs of pneumoconiosis highlighting the early stages that cannot be diagnosed with the standard chest radiography. Indeed, this technique is much more sensitive than standard Rx even if it is difficult to determine in which extent, given the variability of data reported in the literature. The main limitation of this method is the huge variability intra and inter-operator. Therefore, in the last ten years several groups have tried to create an interpretation model for the classification of pneumoconiosis. ICOERD is a classification scheme for digital HRCT built on a model similar to the ILO classification for the standard chest radiogram. It consists of several elements for classification: small opacity with regular or irregular shape/linear to DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS www.preventionandresearch.com Oct-Dec 2013|P&R Scientific|Volume 3|N°4 310 which must also be defined the location and the profusion, large opacities, ground glass, honeycombing and emphysema. Pathological diagnosis of asbestosis is placed in the presence of a diffuse pulmonary fibrosis with a particular pattern of asbestos bodies and/or fibers attesting a relevant exposure. In asbestosis the interstitial fibrosis is located in the basilar and subpleural regions as in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) which is the main differential diagnosis. In addition to the presence of asbestos bodies and fibers, histologically asbestosis differs from IPF in the poor inflammatory component and the lesser presence of fibroblastic foci. The very early stages, characterized by bronchiolitis, pose a difficult diagnostic problem because lesions are very similar to those smoked-related. In any case, peribronchiolar fibrosis does not represent asbestosis. The most common form of silicosis (chronic simple silicosis) occurs after a latency period of at least 10 years and can be as long as 40 years. A more rapid onset is caused by intense exposure: the clinical appearance is similar, but the latency is shorter (5","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116375159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2015.4.2.070
Rita Politangeli, S. Sabatini, G. Nardi, R. D. Giorgio, G. Galluccio, “Sapienza”
Introduction: the purpose of an orthodontic treat-ment is the achievement of an ideal occlusion through the displacement of the teeth in the bone structure. The presence of bacterial plaque can affect the outcome, and is a possible damage to the periodontal tissues. The aim of this work is to check the time evolution of the plaque of both self-ligating and conventional edgewise orthodontic multibrack-ets appliances and verify the use of an orthodontic Diary as a motivational aid to improve the maintenance of a good level of oral hygiene at home. Materials and methods: 30 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances (Damon 3 system, MBT sys-tem) were examined; of these 24 completed the study. The test performed examined in each patient 5 dental elements: of these 3 bonded with bracket, as study sites, and 2 without brackets, used as control sites. At the control appointments, at time t0, t1, t2, the presence of evident bacterial plaque layer was evaluated in order to determine in which way the presence of plaque is due to the type of bracket and to the type of orthodontic arch in the two different orthodontic appliances. The data have been analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: a statistical significant difference was evident only for the reduction of the number of subjects positive to the presence of plaque after the use of the motivational tool. No statistical significant difference was evident between the two different appliances. Discussion: the presence of plaque is evident in both the appliances but with greater deposit deeper in the slot of the self-ligating orthodontic brack-ets. The use of the orthodontic diary contributes to increase the patient compliance.
{"title":"The filing of bacterial plaque on orthodontic appliances: type of bracket and motivational strengthening","authors":"Rita Politangeli, S. Sabatini, G. Nardi, R. D. Giorgio, G. Galluccio, “Sapienza”","doi":"10.11138/PER/2015.4.2.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2015.4.2.070","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: the purpose of an orthodontic treat-ment is the achievement of an ideal occlusion through the displacement of the teeth in the bone structure. The presence of bacterial plaque can affect the outcome, and is a possible damage to the periodontal tissues. The aim of this work is to check the time evolution of the plaque of both self-ligating and conventional edgewise orthodontic multibrack-ets appliances and verify the use of an orthodontic Diary as a motivational aid to improve the maintenance of a good level of oral hygiene at home. Materials and methods: 30 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances (Damon 3 system, MBT sys-tem) were examined; of these 24 completed the study. The test performed examined in each patient 5 dental elements: of these 3 bonded with bracket, as study sites, and 2 without brackets, used as control sites. At the control appointments, at time t0, t1, t2, the presence of evident bacterial plaque layer was evaluated in order to determine in which way the presence of plaque is due to the type of bracket and to the type of orthodontic arch in the two different orthodontic appliances. The data have been analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: a statistical significant difference was evident only for the reduction of the number of subjects positive to the presence of plaque after the use of the motivational tool. No statistical significant difference was evident between the two different appliances. Discussion: the presence of plaque is evident in both the appliances but with greater deposit deeper in the slot of the self-ligating orthodontic brack-ets. The use of the orthodontic diary contributes to increase the patient compliance.","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122136804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2015.5.1.009
Silvana Potenza
Introduction: the analysis of criminal personality is the field of common interest both for criminology and forensic psychiatry. It takes in great consideration an assessment of psychological, constitutive and environmental factors predisposing to anti social behavior. The goal is to estimate the power of the DAP in evaluating the presence and intensity of the Antisocial Personality trait. Materials and Methods: the sample consists of 20 subjects with antisocial personality disorder with a history of crime, drug abuse and alcohol addiction, instability in emotional relationships, who are admitted to nursing homes for mental disorders; a control group of 52 normal subjects randomly recruited among university students and government employees. In the control group, subjects had no previous psychiatric or psychological signs. Their age is between 25 and 45 years old equally distributed by sex. They were recruited for the study of DAP scales and the MCMI-III test. Results: the scales and the DAP (acting out, good adaption, aggression, narcissism, negativityoppo sitionality, psychosis, paranoia, pulsionality and Interpersonal relationships) have produced significantly different results between the two study groups. Within the pathological sample, the acting out and negativityoppositionality scales proved to be associated with the MCMI-III scale of antisocial disorder. Discussion: the antisocial subjects turn out to have a significant tendency towards acting out, poor ability to manage and sublimate their aggression, and a negativistic-oppositional behaviour. Within the sample of pathological subjects, the DAP differentiates only in relation to the area of impulsivity; the tests used have discriminating ability within the group, while losing efficacy in relation to the aggression
{"title":"Draw-a-person for the evaluation of antisocial personality trait","authors":"Silvana Potenza","doi":"10.11138/PER/2015.5.1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2015.5.1.009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: the analysis of criminal personality is the field of common interest both for criminology and forensic psychiatry. It takes in great consideration an assessment of psychological, constitutive and environmental factors predisposing to anti social behavior. The goal is to estimate the power of the DAP in evaluating the presence and intensity of the Antisocial Personality trait. Materials and Methods: the sample consists of 20 subjects with antisocial personality disorder with a history of crime, drug abuse and alcohol addiction, instability in emotional relationships, who are admitted to nursing homes for mental disorders; a control group of 52 normal subjects randomly recruited among university students and government employees. In the control group, subjects had no previous psychiatric or psychological signs. Their age is between 25 and 45 years old equally distributed by sex. They were recruited for the study of DAP scales and the MCMI-III test. Results: the scales and the DAP (acting out, good adaption, aggression, narcissism, negativityoppo sitionality, psychosis, paranoia, pulsionality and Interpersonal relationships) have produced significantly different results between the two study groups. Within the pathological sample, the acting out and negativityoppositionality scales proved to be associated with the MCMI-III scale of antisocial disorder. Discussion: the antisocial subjects turn out to have a significant tendency towards acting out, poor ability to manage and sublimate their aggression, and a negativistic-oppositional behaviour. Within the sample of pathological subjects, the DAP differentiates only in relation to the area of impulsivity; the tests used have discriminating ability within the group, while losing efficacy in relation to the aggression","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132323833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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