Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PR/2012.1.1.032
S. Pinna
Background: family caregivers are an essential part of healthcare services for elderly with dementia. Most of them continue caregiving for their relatives after admitting them to long-term care facilities. The characteristics of this caregiving differ from those related to caregiving in home-care settings and have been rarely studied in literature. Objective: to investigate the differences of burden evolution between caregivers of patients with dementia in a Nursing Home joining a support/psycho educational group and caregivers who did not. Methods: 29 caregivers (7M-22F, age: 59±7.8) of demented patients who were undergoing a standard rehabilitation program in our Institute (≈ 90 days) were administered the Caregiver Burden Inventory at the beginning and at the end of hospitalization. These caregivers took part in a support/ psycho educational group (two hours, twice a month) conducted by a trained psychologist. The results we obtained were compared to a control group, that did not participate to the encounters. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s paired t test (Student’s t paired groups) were conducted. Results: the two groups did not differ for demographical variables; the two correspondant groups of patients did not differ for clinical/demographical and neuropsychological variables, too. Only caregivers who participated to the group reduced their burden significantly at the end of the program (p<0.001). Conclusions: our study supports the hypothesis that the simple absence of a patient from home is not enough to prevent and reduce caregiver burden. Support/psycho educational groups are a fundamental resource for families and should be part of their healthcare in every stage of the disease and in every context.
{"title":"Caregivers burden in nursing homes for patients with dementia: the importance of psychological support","authors":"S. Pinna","doi":"10.11138/PR/2012.1.1.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PR/2012.1.1.032","url":null,"abstract":"Background: family caregivers are an essential part of healthcare services for elderly with dementia. Most of them continue caregiving for their relatives after admitting them to long-term care facilities. The characteristics of this caregiving differ from those related to caregiving in home-care settings and have been rarely studied in literature. Objective: to investigate the differences of burden evolution between caregivers of patients with dementia in a Nursing Home joining a support/psycho educational group and caregivers who did not. Methods: 29 caregivers (7M-22F, age: 59±7.8) of demented patients who were undergoing a standard rehabilitation program in our Institute (≈ 90 days) were administered the Caregiver Burden Inventory at the beginning and at the end of hospitalization. These caregivers took part in a support/ psycho educational group (two hours, twice a month) conducted by a trained psychologist. The results we obtained were compared to a control group, that did not participate to the encounters. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s paired t test (Student’s t paired groups) were conducted. Results: the two groups did not differ for demographical variables; the two correspondant groups of patients did not differ for clinical/demographical and neuropsychological variables, too. Only caregivers who participated to the group reduced their burden significantly at the end of the program (p<0.001). Conclusions: our study supports the hypothesis that the simple absence of a patient from home is not enough to prevent and reduce caregiver burden. Support/psycho educational groups are a fundamental resource for families and should be part of their healthcare in every stage of the disease and in every context.","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116493003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PR/2013.2.4.161
C. A. Jean
The emerging area of nanotechnologies possibly offers promise for the future with its focus on preventive design. To gain traction, however, it is important that research on the sustainability of materials is funded at levels significant enough to identify early warnings, and that possible responsible regulatory systems provide incentives for safer and sustainable materials during the life cycle of materials and systems. The concept of protecting human health and integrity is accepted by all. The rules by which society tries to achieve this humanist objective are relative to a given cultural situation in a specific space and time. The relationship between the individual and the collective human society is not only a matter of ways of living together; it is intimately linked with societal norms which are discussed in this essay. In this respect, for ethical reasons, the authors propose to “invent” a “precautionary” standardisation, progressive yet accepted by the “global village”, in order to avoid nano-errors?
{"title":"Some general considerations on nano-ethics","authors":"C. A. Jean","doi":"10.11138/PR/2013.2.4.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PR/2013.2.4.161","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging area of nanotechnologies possibly offers promise for the future with its focus on preventive design. To gain traction, however, it is important that research on the sustainability of materials is funded at levels significant enough to identify early warnings, and that possible responsible regulatory systems provide incentives for safer and sustainable materials during the life cycle of materials and systems. The concept of protecting human health and integrity is accepted by all. The rules by which society tries to achieve this humanist objective are relative to a given cultural situation in a specific space and time. The relationship between the individual and the collective human society is not only a matter of ways of living together; it is intimately linked with societal norms which are discussed in this essay. In this respect, for ethical reasons, the authors propose to “invent” a “precautionary” standardisation, progressive yet accepted by the “global village”, in order to avoid nano-errors?","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134398178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PR/2013.2.2.040
G. Antonietta
Statins are drugs widely used worldwide to treat hypercholesterolemia reducing cardiovascular risk. Clinical guidelines of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) represent an updating of previous evidence-based recommendations, on the assessment of cholesterol effects, stressing the importance of the reduction of its plasma levels. The benefits resulting from the use of statins are not only related to lipid-lowering but also to its pleiotropic effects, such as anti-inflammatory action. Although, hepatotoxicity is a rare event (<2%), and often dose-related, in patients with liver disease fatal adverse effects have been reported using these molecules. The most important side effects consist of increased transaminase levels, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, increased levels of creatinekinase, up to rhabdomyolysis. The factors responsible for myopathy, during treatment with statins, may be related to the patient characteristics (age, female sex, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, systemic diseases, family history of myopathy, high consumption of grapefruit juice, large physical activity, major surgery, etc.) or to interaction with other medications (fibrates, cyclosporine, reductase undergoing first-pass hepatic metabolism. Except pravastatin, other molecules of this class are subject to hepatic metabolism in phase 1 mediated by CYP 450 isoenzymes. Therefore the indication for the use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors must be evaluated by the physician on the basis of clinical necessity, and it is correct to start with low-dose drug administration, monitoring transaminases. Finally, it is appropriate to evaluate the drugs used simultaneously to statins that are metabolized at the level of the same cytochrome to reduce the risk of moderate and severe interactions. In fact the concomitant use of other drugs that are substrates of the same isoenzymes can determine the increase of statin concentration in the blood and consequently the risk of myopathy. The benefits associated with the use of statins in lowering cholesterol levels and preventing cardiovascular disease are superior to their potential risk of hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic liver disease. The use of statins in the course of liver disease is not absolutely contraindicated. However, their administration is not recommended in the course of acute hepatitis and daily abuse of alcohol. The starting dose of statin should be as low as possible, by monitoring transaminase levels, initially every two weeks, then every month. It is important not to underestimate the risk that the concomitant use of other drugs may lead to increased serum liver enzyme cytonecrosis and consequently to an increased risk of myopathy. Abstract Le statine sono farmaci ampiamente utilizzati nel mondo per ridurre i livelli di colesterolo ed il conseguente rischio cardiovascolare. Le linee guida cliniche dell’Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), che rappresentano un aggiornamento delle precedenti raccomandazioni evidence-based
{"title":"Statins in chronic liver disease","authors":"G. Antonietta","doi":"10.11138/PR/2013.2.2.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PR/2013.2.2.040","url":null,"abstract":"Statins are drugs widely used worldwide to treat hypercholesterolemia reducing cardiovascular risk. Clinical guidelines of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) represent an updating of previous evidence-based recommendations, on the assessment of cholesterol effects, stressing the importance of the reduction of its plasma levels. The benefits resulting from the use of statins are not only related to lipid-lowering but also to its pleiotropic effects, such as anti-inflammatory action. Although, hepatotoxicity is a rare event (<2%), and often dose-related, in patients with liver disease fatal adverse effects have been reported using these molecules. The most important side effects consist of increased transaminase levels, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, increased levels of creatinekinase, up to rhabdomyolysis. The factors responsible for myopathy, during treatment with statins, may be related to the patient characteristics (age, female sex, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, systemic diseases, family history of myopathy, high consumption of grapefruit juice, large physical activity, major surgery, etc.) or to interaction with other medications (fibrates, cyclosporine, reductase undergoing first-pass hepatic metabolism. Except pravastatin, other molecules of this class are subject to hepatic metabolism in phase 1 mediated by CYP 450 isoenzymes. Therefore the indication for the use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors must be evaluated by the physician on the basis of clinical necessity, and it is correct to start with low-dose drug administration, monitoring transaminases. Finally, it is appropriate to evaluate the drugs used simultaneously to statins that are metabolized at the level of the same cytochrome to reduce the risk of moderate and severe interactions. In fact the concomitant use of other drugs that are substrates of the same isoenzymes can determine the increase of statin concentration in the blood and consequently the risk of myopathy. The benefits associated with the use of statins in lowering cholesterol levels and preventing cardiovascular disease are superior to their potential risk of hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic liver disease. The use of statins in the course of liver disease is not absolutely contraindicated. However, their administration is not recommended in the course of acute hepatitis and daily abuse of alcohol. The starting dose of statin should be as low as possible, by monitoring transaminase levels, initially every two weeks, then every month. It is important not to underestimate the risk that the concomitant use of other drugs may lead to increased serum liver enzyme cytonecrosis and consequently to an increased risk of myopathy. Abstract Le statine sono farmaci ampiamente utilizzati nel mondo per ridurre i livelli di colesterolo ed il conseguente rischio cardiovascolare. Le linee guida cliniche dell’Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), che rappresentano un aggiornamento delle precedenti raccomandazioni evidence-based","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128359209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2017.6.2.027
Teresa Pedata Loredana
The project Merck for Talent is born from the desire to finalize the route taken earlier by the winners of the project “La scienza narrata”, following them on their path of life after having identified and rewarded talent and monitor their experience and allowing the winners to continue sharing ex-
{"title":"Merck for Talent: a training and prevention experience","authors":"Teresa Pedata Loredana","doi":"10.11138/PER/2017.6.2.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2017.6.2.027","url":null,"abstract":"The project Merck for Talent is born from the desire to finalize the route taken earlier by the winners of the project “La scienza narrata”, following them on their path of life after having identified and rewarded talent and monitor their experience and allowing the winners to continue sharing ex-","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128146182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2014.3.3.096
M. Gatta, C. Giovanatto, R. Pertile, L. Zotto, S. Sartori, I. Toldo, P. Drigo
{"title":"ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH SPINA BIFIDA: PSYCHO-PATHOLOGICAL RISKS AND QUALITY OF LIFE","authors":"M. Gatta, C. Giovanatto, R. Pertile, L. Zotto, S. Sartori, I. Toldo, P. Drigo","doi":"10.11138/PER/2014.3.3.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2014.3.3.096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115010959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.7362/2240-2594.024.2012
A. Sancini, F. Tomei, G. Tomei, C. Pastena, F. Sinibaldi, B. Scala, A. Capozzella, S. D. Sio, P. Palermo, F. Bombelli, N. Nardone, G. Andreozzi, C. Cetica, P. Corbosiero, M. Ciarrocca
{"title":"MECHANICAL OVERLOAD OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY AND EXPOSED WORKERS","authors":"A. Sancini, F. Tomei, G. Tomei, C. Pastena, F. Sinibaldi, B. Scala, A. Capozzella, S. D. Sio, P. Palermo, F. Bombelli, N. Nardone, G. Andreozzi, C. Cetica, P. Corbosiero, M. Ciarrocca","doi":"10.7362/2240-2594.024.2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7362/2240-2594.024.2012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122629298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2017.6.1.001
F. Tomei
{"title":"Scombroid fish poisoning: latest evidences of a still unknown disease","authors":"F. Tomei","doi":"10.11138/PER/2017.6.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2017.6.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123617909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PR/2012.1.1.028
P. Francesco
Scope: the Authors examine the current jurisprudential context relative to the juridical and forensic value of the guidelines in order to illustrate what are the rules that regulate their use in diagnosis and therapy. Materials and Methods: the Authors analyze the case decided by the sentence no 8254/2011 of Supreme Court of Appeals considering its clinical characteristics in relation to the legal principle affirmed. The compatibility of this sentence with the principles enshrined in law and the rules of professional conduct are evaluated. Results and Conclusions: the principle stated by the Supreme Court in the judgment here reported, establishes that guidelines developed by requirements of economic nature can not influence physicians in their therapeutic choices, and it clashes with the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, which emphasizes the need to consider in the health field both the legal aspect and the financial resources in order to achieve a complete protection of the patient. Moreover, the decision under consideration introduces a rule that does not allow doctors to fully exercise their professional freedom in the interest of patients without the risk of receiving administrative penalties or having to respond to legal liability.
{"title":"The legal and forensic value of the guidelines","authors":"P. Francesco","doi":"10.11138/PR/2012.1.1.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PR/2012.1.1.028","url":null,"abstract":"Scope: the Authors examine the current jurisprudential context relative to the juridical and forensic value of the guidelines in order to illustrate what are the rules that regulate their use in diagnosis and therapy. Materials and Methods: the Authors analyze the case decided by the sentence no 8254/2011 of Supreme Court of Appeals considering its clinical characteristics in relation to the legal principle affirmed. The compatibility of this sentence with the principles enshrined in law and the rules of professional conduct are evaluated. Results and Conclusions: the principle stated by the Supreme Court in the judgment here reported, establishes that guidelines developed by requirements of economic nature can not influence physicians in their therapeutic choices, and it clashes with the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, which emphasizes the need to consider in the health field both the legal aspect and the financial resources in order to achieve a complete protection of the patient. Moreover, the decision under consideration introduces a rule that does not allow doctors to fully exercise their professional freedom in the interest of patients without the risk of receiving administrative penalties or having to respond to legal liability.","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123713685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11138/PER/2013.2.1.030
G. Tomei, S. D. Sio, Tiziana Caciari, F. Tomei, Manuela Ciarrocca, Assuntina Capozzella, N. Nardone, C. Pastena, A. Chighine, A. N. Hector, B. Scala, G. Andreozzi, A. Sancini, E. D. Rose, G. Rinaldi
{"title":"Manual handling of patients: clinical evaluation of some parameters clinical-anamnestic in health care","authors":"G. Tomei, S. D. Sio, Tiziana Caciari, F. Tomei, Manuela Ciarrocca, Assuntina Capozzella, N. Nardone, C. Pastena, A. Chighine, A. N. Hector, B. Scala, G. Andreozzi, A. Sancini, E. D. Rose, G. Rinaldi","doi":"10.11138/PER/2013.2.1.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11138/PER/2013.2.1.030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109386,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117180985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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