Data in Brief最新文献_第3页

Dataset on field estimation of vegetation cover loss due to charcoal production in Afram Plains of Ghana 加纳阿夫拉姆平原木炭生产造成植被损失的实地估算数据集

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111022

Thelma Arko

The impact of urban charcoal consumption on tree cover loss in Ghana remains understudied, with limited data and inconsistent methodologies hindering a comprehensive understanding. This data article addresses these gaps by presenting a valuable dataset on charcoal production and its environmental implications in the Afram Plains of Ghana. A systematic data collection process was undertaken, encompassing 29 charcoal production sites across four communities: Tease, Odumasua, Anlo Fasso, and Forifori. Semi-structured interviews with community elders, chiefs, and charcoal producers provided insights into the historical context and local knowledge of charcoal production activities.

The dataset includes a wealth of information, such as land use characteristics, the number of trees utilized for charcoal production, and measurements of tree stump diameters, lengths, and volumes. Local names and scientific identification of tree species were recorded, offering a detailed understanding of the vegetation impacted by charcoal production.

The potential for reuse of this dataset is significant. Researchers can utilize the information to further explore the complex dynamics between charcoal production and tree cover loss develop evidence-based policies, and promote sustainable alternatives. By making this dataset publicly available, we encourage its reuse to support interdisciplinary research, enhance understanding of charcoal production's environmental footprint, and inform decision-making processes aimed at preserving Ghanaʼs valuable vegetation cover.

城市木炭消费对加纳树木植被损失的影响仍未得到充分研究，有限的数据和不一致的方法阻碍了对这一问题的全面了解。这篇数据文章介绍了加纳阿夫拉姆平原木炭生产及其环境影响的宝贵数据集，填补了这些空白。我们开展了系统的数据收集工作，涉及四个社区的 29 个木炭生产点：这四个社区分别是 Tease、Odumasua、Anlo Fasso 和 Forifori。对社区长老、酋长和木炭生产者进行的半结构式访谈有助于深入了解木炭生产活动的历史背景和当地知识。数据集包含大量信息，如土地使用特征、用于木炭生产的树木数量以及树桩直径、长度和体积的测量值。记录了树种的当地名称和科学鉴定，让人们详细了解木炭生产对植被的影响。研究人员可以利用这些信息进一步探索木炭生产与树木覆盖损失之间的复杂动态关系，制定有据可依的政策，推广可持续的替代品。通过公开该数据集，我们鼓励对其进行再利用，以支持跨学科研究，加深对木炭生产的环境足迹的了解，并为旨在保护加纳宝贵的植被的决策过程提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Hyperspectral data of understory elements in boreal forests: In situ and laboratory measurements 北方森林林下要素的高光谱数据：现场和实验室测量

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111068

Audrey Mercier, Susanna Karlqvist, Aarne Hovi, Miina Rautiainen

Enhancing our understanding of the spectral properties of forest elements is essential for interpreting airborne and satellite-borne remote sensing data. This article presents two datasets on the spectral properties of understory elements in boreal forests collected with close-range hyperspectral measurements. We conducted two field campaigns in June and July 2023 in Finland to acquire spectral measurements at wavelengths from 350 to 2500 nm using an ASD FieldSpec 4 spectrometer for forest understory elements. We measured ferns, decaying wood, common wood sorrel and May lily in situ. In a laboratory, we measured leaves from European fly honeysuckle, alder buckthorn and common hazel. These data support the analysis of vegetation characteristics, training of classification algorithms and improvement of forest radiative transfer models, and could be used to evaluate the potential of hyperspectral data to discriminate the understory elements of boreal forest.

加强对森林要素光谱特性的了解对于解释机载和卫星遥感数据至关重要。本文介绍了通过近距离高光谱测量收集到的两组有关北方森林林下成分光谱特性的数据集。我们于 2023 年 6 月和 7 月在芬兰进行了两次野外活动，使用 ASD FieldSpec 4 光谱仪采集波长为 350 到 2500 nm 的光谱，用于测量林下要素。我们在现场测量了蕨类植物、腐朽木材、普通木荷和五月百合。在实验室中，我们测量了欧洲飞燕草、赤杨和普通榛树的叶子。这些数据有助于分析植被特征、训练分类算法和改进森林辐射传递模型，并可用于评估高光谱数据在区分北方森林林下要素方面的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Dataset of dendrometer and environmental parameter measurements of two different species of the group of genera known as eucalypts in South Africa and Portugal 南非和葡萄牙两种不同桉树属树种的树枝测量仪和环境参数测量数据集

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111035

Christopher Stefan Erasmus , Marthinus Johannes Booysen , David Drew

Eucalyptus plantations are a crucial global resource, offering raw materials for industries across five continents, including renewable energy sources, recyclable fibers, and eco-friendly wood products. To support sustainable management, ten wireless dendrometer and environmental sensor systems were deployed on Eucalyptus trees—six in Stellenbosch, South Africa, and four in Leiria, Portugal. These systems measure tree stem growth, air and soil conditions, and transmit data via LoRaWAN to a cloud-based platform (ThingSpeak), with local SD-card backups. Nine systems collect data at 6-minute intervals, while one collects at 11-minute intervals. This data is valuable for maintaining forest health and ensuring resource sustainability. EucXylo, a Research Chair funded by the Hans Merensky Legacy Foundation, focuses on the ecophysiology, growth, and wood formation in eucalypts. The dataset aids in developing models of tree growth and xylem production, offering high-resolution insights into Eucalyptus growth and environmental conditions.

桉树种植园是重要的全球资源，为五大洲的工业提供原材料，包括可再生能源、可回收纤维和环保木制品。为了支持可持续管理，我们在桉树上部署了十套无线树干测量仪和环境传感器系统，其中六套位于南非斯泰伦博斯，四套位于葡萄牙莱里亚。这些系统测量树干生长情况、空气和土壤条件，并通过 LoRaWAN 将数据传输到云平台（ThingSpeak），同时进行本地 SD 卡备份。九套系统以 6 分钟的间隔收集数据，一套系统以 11 分钟的间隔收集数据。这些数据对于维护森林健康和确保资源可持续性非常有价值。EucXylo 是由汉斯-梅伦斯基遗产基金会资助的研究教席，主要研究桉树的生态生理学、生长和木材形成。该数据集有助于开发树木生长和木质部生产模型，提供有关桉树生长和环境条件的高分辨率见解。

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引用次数: 0

Drivers of soil health across European Union – Data from the literature review 欧盟各国土壤健康的驱动因素--来自文献综述的数据

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111064

Shaswati Chowdhury , Maria von Post , Roger Roca Vallejo , Karen Naciph Mora , Jenni Hultman , Taina Pennanen , Antti-Jussi Lindroos , Katharina Helming

Soil health in Europe has reached a critical point: it is estimated that 60-70% of European soils are unhealthy. Changes in land use, its intensity and the quality of management have significant impacts on soil health and soil related ecosystem services. A systems analysis of soil health dynamics requires an understanding of the drivers inducing changes in land use and management. The DPSIR framework was adapted to the context of soil health in the European Union (EU) and used as an analytical framework for identifying the drivers for soil health. A scoping literature review, divided in four parts based on different land use types (urban and industrial, agriculture, forest, and nature), was conducted using the PRISMA protocol. The identified drivers across all land uses have been adjusted and standardised in in-person and online workshops. This metadata set presents the typology of drivers sorted according to the EU soil mission's soil health objectives, land use type, and location. The literature review was conducted as part of SOLO (Soils for Europe), a EU´s Horizon Europe funded project and the dataset will support the co creation and knowledge developing platforms (think tanks) for each EU soil mission objectives.

欧洲的土壤健康已经到了一个临界点：据估计，60-70% 的欧洲土壤是不健康的。土地使用、使用强度和管理质量的变化对土壤健康和与土壤相关的生态系统服务有着重大影响。要对土壤健康动态进行系统分析，就必须了解引起土地使用和管理变化的驱动因素。根据欧盟（EU）的土壤健康状况，对 DPSIR 框架进行了调整，并将其用作确定土壤健康驱动因素的分析框架。根据不同的土地利用类型（城市和工业、农业、森林和自然），采用 PRISMA 协议进行了范围界定文献综述，分为四个部分。在现场和在线研讨会上，对所有土地用途中已确定的驱动因素进行了调整和标准化。该元数据集展示了根据欧盟土壤任务的土壤健康目标、土地利用类型和地点分类的驱动因素类型。文献综述是欧盟资助的地平线欧洲项目 SOLO（欧洲土壤）的一部分，该数据集将为欧盟土壤任务目标的共同创建和知识开发平台（智库）提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

A dataset of µCT images of small samples of constructed Technosol from bioretention cells 从生物滞留池中提取的小样本技术溶胶的 µCT 图像数据集

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111066

Petra Marešová , John Koestel , Aleš Klement , Radka Kodešová , Michal Sněhota

The dataset represents micro computed tomography (µCT) images of undisturbed samples of constructed Technosol, obtained by sampling from the top layer of the biofilter in two bioretention cells. A bioretention cell is a stormwater management system designed to collect and temporarily retain stormwater runoff and treat it by filtering it through a soil media called a biofilter. Soil samples were collected at 7, 12, 18, 23, and 31 months after the establishment of bioretention cells. The constructed Technosol was composed of 50% sand, 30% compost, and 20% topsoil. The bioretention cell 1 (BC1) was designed to collect water from the nearby building roof, and bioretention cell 2 (BC2) was without regular inflow for possible irrigation events. This allowed for the capture of the dynamics of early soil structure development. The dataset comprises a total of 120 three-dimensional µCT images. The 16-bit µCT images obtained by industrial scanner have resolutions of 12 and 20 µm. The characteristics of total porosity, volumetric weight of the dry sample and field capacity were determined in the laboratory for each sample. The generated dataset captures the soil structure development within the biofilter during the initial years of operation of bioretention cells with two distinct water regimes. Originally produced to describe the development of the macropore system during early biofilter evolution, this extensive and high-quality dataset can be reused for further studies on constructed Technosol evolution, focusing on soil structure or hydraulic properties. It is particularly beneficial for research into macropore network development and changes in hydraulic properties in constructed soils. The dataset can support model validation and improve understanding of soil property variability in bioretention systems. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers who lack the means to collect and scan their own samples.

该数据集代表了从两个生物滞留池中的生物滤池顶层取样获得的未受干扰的已建 Technosol 样品的微型计算机断层扫描 (µCT) 图像。生物滞留池是一种雨水管理系统，旨在收集和暂时滞留雨水径流，并通过称为生物滤池的土壤介质进行过滤处理。在生物滞留池建成后的 7、12、18、23 和 31 个月收集土壤样本。构建的 Technosol 由 50% 的沙子、30% 的堆肥和 20% 的表土组成。生物滞留池 1（BC1）的设计目的是收集附近建筑物屋顶的水，生物滞留池 2（BC2）则没有为可能发生的灌溉事件提供定期流入水。这样就可以捕捉到早期土壤结构发展的动态变化。数据集共包括 120 幅三维 µCT 图像。工业扫描仪获得的 16 位 µCT 图像分辨率分别为 12 和 20 微米。每个样本的总孔隙率、干样本的体积重量和田间容量等特征都是在实验室测定的。生成的数据集捕捉到了生物滞留池在两种不同水系下运行最初几年中生物滞留池内土壤结构的发展情况。该数据集最初用于描述生物滤池早期演化过程中大孔隙系统的发展情况，其广泛而高质量的数据集可重新用于对构造型技术溶胶演化的进一步研究，重点关注土壤结构或水力特性。它尤其有利于研究构建土壤中大孔隙网络的发展和水力特性的变化。该数据集可支持模型验证，并加深对生物滞留系统中土壤特性变化的理解。对于没有能力自行采集和扫描样本的研究人员来说，它是一个宝贵的资源。

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引用次数: 0

A refined spirometry dataset for comparing segmented (piecewise) linear models to that of GAMLSS 用于将分段（片断）线性模型与 GAMLSS 模型进行比较的精炼肺活量数据集

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111062

Gerald Stanley Zavorsky

Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) are widely used for developing spirometric reference equations but are often complex, requiring additional spline tables. This study explores the potential of Segmented (piecewise) Linear Regression as an alternative, comparing its predictive accuracy to GAMLSS and examining the agreement between the two methods. Spirometry data from nearly 16,600 patients, deemed Grade “A” and “B” acceptable from the NHANES 2007-2012 dataset, was analyzed. The dataset includes both nominal and scalar variables. Reference equations for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio (FEV₁/FVC) were generated using GAMLSS (FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC), Segmented Linear Regression (FEV₁, FVC) and multiple linear regression (FEV₁/FVC). K-fold cross-validation was employed to compare prediction accuracy, using root-mean-square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficients. Agreement in classifying spirometric patterns (i.e. airway obstruction, restrictive spirometry pattern, mixed obstructive and restrictive disorder) was evaluated with the kappa statistic. This study uniquely compares the models by incorporating the lower limit of normal (LLN) using fitted z-scores of –1.645 or –1.96. The dataset is publicly available in SPSS (.sav) and .csv formats through the Mendeley Data repository.

位置、尺度和形状的广义加法模型（GAMLSS）被广泛用于制定肺活量参考方程，但通常比较复杂，需要额外的样条表。本研究探索了分段（片断）线性回归作为替代方法的潜力，将其预测准确性与 GAMLSS 进行了比较，并检验了两种方法之间的一致性。研究分析了近 16600 名患者的肺活量数据，这些数据来自 2007-2012 年 NHANES 数据集，被视为 "A "级和 "B "级可接受数据。数据集包括名义变量和标量变量。使用 GAMLSS（FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC）、分段线性回归（FEV1、FVC）和多元线性回归（FEV1/FVC）生成了 1 秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力生命容量（FVC）和比率（FEV1/FVC）的参考方程。使用均方根误差（RMSE）和相关系数对预测准确性进行了 K 倍交叉验证。用卡帕统计量评估了肺活量测量模式（即气道阻塞、限制性肺活量测量模式、阻塞性和限制性混合障碍）分类的一致性。本研究通过使用拟合 Z 分数-1.645 或-1.96，将正常值下限（LLN）纳入模型，对模型进行了独特的比较。数据集以 SPSS (.sav) 和 .csv 格式通过 Mendeley 数据库公开发布。

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引用次数: 0

Bulk mRNA-sequencing data of the estrogen and androgen responses in the human prostate cancer cell line VCaP 人类前列腺癌细胞系 VCaP 对雌激素和雄激素反应的大量 mRNA 序列数据

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111053

Camille Lafront , Lucas Germain , Étienne Audet-Walsh

Prostate cancer is a hormone-dependent disease that relies on the androgen signaling, as well as on the estrogen signaling, for growth and survival. To identify the genes regulated by these sex-steroid hormones in the human prostate cancer cell line VCaP, these cells were treated for 24 h with either androgens and/or estrogens. Then, the RNA of each sample was purified for sequencing to generate bulk mRNA-seq data. After verifying raw quality, reads were pseudo-aligned on the human reference transcriptome (Gencode v27). Analysis was carried out on aligned and quantified data to determine the transcriptomic changes following each hormonal treatment. These data presented herein can be reanalyzed with specific fold-change thresholds for gene expression, or with different pair-wise combinations to compare the hormones’ transcriptional impacts on VCaP cells and better understand prostate cancer cell biology.

前列腺癌是一种激素依赖性疾病，其生长和存活依赖于雄激素信号和雌激素信号。为了确定人类前列腺癌细胞系VCaP中受这些性类固醇激素调控的基因，这些细胞被雄激素和/或雌激素处理了24小时。然后，纯化每个样本的 RNA 进行测序，生成大量 mRNA-seq 数据。在验证原始质量后，将读数与人类参考转录组（Gencode v27）进行伪配对。对已对齐和量化的数据进行分析，以确定每种激素治疗后转录组的变化。本文介绍的这些数据可以用特定的基因表达折叠变化阈值或不同的配对组合进行重新分析，以比较激素对 VCaP 细胞转录的影响，更好地了解前列腺癌细胞生物学。

引用次数: 0

Dataset of seed characteristics of the main weeds on Reunion Island 留尼汪岛主要杂草种子特征数据集

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111057

Marion Schwartz , Sandrine Auzoux , Abel Etheve , Thomas Le Bourgeois , Mathias Christina , Aude Ripoche

Characterizing seeds of tropical weeds is crucial for future research to understand their ability to disperse in space and time through their seeds, and building up seed banks. Seeds of 55 weed species occurring on Reunion Island were collected and characterized. Seeds were described by their shape, size, color, texture, hairiness, or particular markings. Seed traits were recorded in a database in French and English. It has been published on the CIRAD AMATROP dataverse, which centralizes datasets on tropical weeds. It will be updated as new weed seeds from tropical regions are characterized. In a long-term perspective, these data allow for creating a multicriteria identification key to identify seeds to study seed stocks in agricultural fields.

热带杂草种子的特征对于未来研究了解其通过种子在空间和时间上的传播能力以及建立种子库至关重要。我们收集了留尼汪岛上 55 种杂草的种子，并对其进行了特征描述。根据种子的形状、大小、颜色、质地、毛发或特殊标记对种子进行描述。种子特征以法语和英语记录在数据库中。该数据库已在法国农业研究与发展中心 AMATROP 数据网上发布，该数据网集中了热带杂草的数据集。随着热带地区新杂草种子特征的出现，数据库将不断更新。从长远角度来看，这些数据有助于创建一个多标准识别钥匙，用于识别种子，以研究农田中的种子存量。

引用次数: 0

BEEHIVE: A dataset of Apis mellifera images to empower honeybee monitoring research BEEHIVE：增强蜜蜂监测研究能力的蜜蜂图像数据集

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111055

Massimiliano Micheli , Giulia Papa , Ilaria Negri , Matteo Lancini , Cristina Nuzzi , Simone Pasinetti

This data article describes the collection process of two sub-datasets comprehending images of Apis mellifera captured inside a commercial beehive (“Frame” sub-dataset, 2057 images) and at the bottom of it (“Bottom” sub-dataset, 1494 images). The data was collected in spring of 2023 (April–May) for the “Frame” sub-dataset, in September 2023 for the “Bottom” sub-dataset. Acquisitions were carried out using an instrumented beehive developed for the purpose of monitoring the colony's health status during long periods of time. The color cameras used were equipped with different lenses accordingly (liquid lenses for the internal one, standard lens of 8 mm focal length) and actuated by an embedded board, alongside red LED strips to illuminate the inside of the beehive. Images captured by the internal camera were mostly out-of-focus, thus a filtering procedure based on the adoption of focus measure operators was developed to keep only the in-focus ones. All images were manually labelled by experts using 2-class bounding boxes annotations representing full visible bees (class “bee”) and blurred or occluded bees according to the sub-dataset (“blurred_bee” or “occluded_bee” class). Annotations are provided in YOLO v8 format. The dataset can be useful for entomology research empowered by computer vision, especially for counting tasks, behavior monitoring, and pest management, since a few occurrences of Varroa destructor mites could be present in the “Frame” sub-dataset.

本数据文章介绍了两个子数据集的收集过程，包括在商业蜂箱内（"框架 "子数据集，2057 张图像）和蜂箱底部（"底部 "子数据集，1494 张图像）捕获的蜂图像。框架 "子数据集的数据收集于 2023 年春季（4 月至 5 月），"底部 "子数据集的数据收集于 2023 年 9 月。采集时使用了为长期监测蜂群健康状况而开发的仪器蜂箱。使用的彩色摄像机配备了相应的不同镜头（内部镜头为液态镜头，焦距为 8 毫米的标准镜头），并由嵌入式电路板驱动，同时使用红色 LED 灯带照亮蜂箱内部。内部摄像头捕捉到的图像大部分都是失焦的，因此开发了一种基于采用焦距测量运算符的过滤程序，只保留对焦的图像。所有图像都由专家使用两类边界框注释进行人工标注，一类代表完整可见的蜜蜂（"蜜蜂 "类），另一类根据子数据集代表模糊或隐蔽的蜜蜂（"模糊_蜜蜂 "或 "隐蔽_蜜蜂 "类）。注释以 YOLO v8 格式提供。由于 "Frame "子数据集中可能会出现一些破坏性瓦罗拉螨，因此该数据集对利用计算机视觉进行昆虫学研究，特别是计数任务、行为监测和害虫管理非常有用。

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引用次数: 0

Dataset of the complete mitogenomes of Galaxea (Scleractinia: Euphyllidae) Galaxea （硬骨鱼纲：大戟科）完整的有丝分裂基因组数据集

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Data in Brief

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111060

Zhangwang Lu , Liwei Li , Zhiying Lu, Chengchong Fu, Jun Wang, Yan Wang

Galaxea is a genus of colonial stony corals that are widely distributed in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. According to the differences of microbasic p-mastigophore (MpM) nematocysts and mitochondrial haplotype, four types (type S, type H, type M and type S+) were identified in this genus. There is significant genetic differentiation among those types and they belong to distinct branches in the Maximum likelihood tree, therefore they conform to the primary species hypotheses (PSHs) and the whole Galaxea might be a species complex. Here we present the assembly and annotation of eleven mitogenomes of the four types and used the dataset to explore their phylogeny. The eleven Galaxea mitogenomes all contained the same 13 PCGs (protein-coding genes) and two rRNA genes as the published mitogenome of G. fascicularis (GenBank No NC_029696). However, the length of mitogenomes of distinct types varies because there are two characteristic indels in the mitogenomes, one is located at the intergenic region (IGR) of CYTB-ND2 and the other is located at the IGR of COX1-trnM. The phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs showed that type S/M, type H and type S+ clustered into three separate clades. These mitogenomes will be valuable for better understanding the phylogeny, speciation, and differentiation of the Galaxea species complex.

石珊瑚属（Galaxea）是一种殖民地石珊瑚，广泛分布于印度洋和太平洋。根据微基 p-astigophore（MpM）线粒体和线粒体单倍型的差异，该属确定了四种类型（S 型、H 型、M 型和 S+ 型）。这些类型之间存在明显的遗传分化，在最大似然树中属于不同的分支，因此它们符合主要物种假说（PSHs），整个 Galaxea 可能是一个物种复合体。在此，我们对四种类型的11个有丝分裂基因组进行了组装和注释，并利用该数据集探讨了它们的系统发育。与已发表的G. fascicularis有丝分裂基因组（GenBank No NC_029696）一样，这11个Galaxea有丝分裂基因组均含有13个PCGs（蛋白质编码基因）和2个rRNA基因。但是，不同类型的有丝分裂基因组的长度不尽相同，因为有丝分裂基因组中有两个特征性的吲哚，一个位于 CYTB-ND2 的基因间区（IGR），另一个位于 COX1-trnM 的基因间区（IGR）。基于 13 个 PCG 的系统发育分析表明，S/M 型、H 型和 S+ 型聚成了三个独立的支系。这些有丝分裂基因组将对更好地了解 Galaxea 种群的系统发育、物种形成和分化具有重要价值。

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引用次数: 0