Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.2174/011574888x307274240610113314
Willem Delabie, Dominique De Bleser, Vicky Vandewalle, Marie-Laurence De Prest, Philippe Vandekerckhove, Veerle Compernolle, Hendrik B. Feys
Background: Human Platelet Lysate (hPL) is a platelet-derived and growth factor-rich supplement for cell culture. It can be prepared from surplus platelet concentrates initially intended for transfusion. Amotosalen-based photochemical pathogen inactivation of platelet concentrates is used in a number of blood establishments worldwide to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission from donor to patient. Method: This pathogen inactivation method has not been formally validated for direct use on hPL. Here, we have studied the impact of pathogen inactivation on hPL and compared it to untreated hPL prepared from pathogen-inactivated platelet concentrates or control hPL. We used mass spectrometry, ELISA, and in vitro mesenchymal stem cell culture for determining residual amotosalen, final growth factor content, and cell doubling, respectively. Result: The data have shown amotosalen concentrations to be reduced a thousand-fold following pathogen inactivation, leaving trace quantities of photosensitizer molecules in the final hPL product. Some growth factors have been reported to be significantly more impacted in hPL that is directly pathogen-inactivated compared to both control conditions. This has no significant effect on the growth kinetics of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: We have concluded direct amotosalen-based pathogen inactivation to have a measurable impact on certain growth factors in hPL, but this does not outweigh the likely benefits of reducing the odds of donor-to-patient pathogen transmission.
{"title":"The Impact of Amotosalen Photochemical Pathogen Inactivation on Human Platelet Lysate","authors":"Willem Delabie, Dominique De Bleser, Vicky Vandewalle, Marie-Laurence De Prest, Philippe Vandekerckhove, Veerle Compernolle, Hendrik B. Feys","doi":"10.2174/011574888x307274240610113314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888x307274240610113314","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human Platelet Lysate (hPL) is a platelet-derived and growth factor-rich supplement for cell culture. It can be prepared from surplus platelet concentrates initially intended for transfusion. Amotosalen-based photochemical pathogen inactivation of platelet concentrates is used in a number of blood establishments worldwide to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission from donor to patient. Method: This pathogen inactivation method has not been formally validated for direct use on hPL. Here, we have studied the impact of pathogen inactivation on hPL and compared it to untreated hPL prepared from pathogen-inactivated platelet concentrates or control hPL. We used mass spectrometry, ELISA, and in vitro mesenchymal stem cell culture for determining residual amotosalen, final growth factor content, and cell doubling, respectively. Result: The data have shown amotosalen concentrations to be reduced a thousand-fold following pathogen inactivation, leaving trace quantities of photosensitizer molecules in the final hPL product. Some growth factors have been reported to be significantly more impacted in hPL that is directly pathogen-inactivated compared to both control conditions. This has no significant effect on the growth kinetics of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: We have concluded direct amotosalen-based pathogen inactivation to have a measurable impact on certain growth factors in hPL, but this does not outweigh the likely benefits of reducing the odds of donor-to-patient pathogen transmission.","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: At present, cyclosporine (CsA) is the first-line treatment for Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA), but CsA administration can be associated with a number of side effects due to its high toxicity. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a safe and effective treatment for elderly patients who cannot be treated with conventional doses of CsA, especially those with multiple complications. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) for PRCA is a promising treatment, but reports of using umbilical cord blood (UCB) are very rare. Case Presentation: In this report, UCB and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) combined with low-dose CsA (1-3mg/kg/d) were used to treat 3 elderly patients who were diagnosed with PRCA combined with multiple complications in heart, lung, and renal. The treatments were successful without complications, and 12 months after stem cell infusion, the blood tests of the patients came normal. Moreover, the function of the liver, heart, and kidney continued to be stable. Conclusion: This report provides an effective regimen of using UCB and UC-MSCs combined with low-dose CsA (1-3 mg/kg/d) to treat PRCA, especially for elderly patients with multiple complications who cannot use the conventional dosage.
{"title":"Umbilical Cord Blood and UC-MSCs Combined with Low-Dose Immunosuppressant in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Pure Red Cell Aplastic: A Case Series","authors":"Wei-Wei Zhu, Sujing Zhuang, Zhe Yu, Xin Li, Tian-Jie Han, Yue Ma, Li-Jun Li, Zhi-Rui Zhao","doi":"10.2174/011574888x290378240424075002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888x290378240424075002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: At present, cyclosporine (CsA) is the first-line treatment for Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA), but CsA administration can be associated with a number of side effects due to its high toxicity. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a safe and effective treatment for elderly patients who cannot be treated with conventional doses of CsA, especially those with multiple complications. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) for PRCA is a promising treatment, but reports of using umbilical cord blood (UCB) are very rare. Case Presentation: In this report, UCB and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) combined with low-dose CsA (1-3mg/kg/d) were used to treat 3 elderly patients who were diagnosed with PRCA combined with multiple complications in heart, lung, and renal. The treatments were successful without complications, and 12 months after stem cell infusion, the blood tests of the patients came normal. Moreover, the function of the liver, heart, and kidney continued to be stable. Conclusion: This report provides an effective regimen of using UCB and UC-MSCs combined with low-dose CsA (1-3 mg/kg/d) to treat PRCA, especially for elderly patients with multiple complications who cannot use the conventional dosage.","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Periodontitis is a common complication of diabetes, with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Albiflorin, a monoterpene glycoside, has shown potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of albiflorin on AGEs-induced gingival fibroblasts and its underlying mechanisms. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of albiflorin in mitigating ROS production, inflammation, and MMP-1 expression in AGEs-induced gingival fibroblasts. objective: / Methods: The viability of gingival fibroblasts treated with albiflorin and AGEs was assessed using CCK-8 assays. ROS levels were measured by DCF staining, and the expression of inflammatory markers and MMP-1 was evaluated by ELISA and qPCR. The involvement of the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways was examined by immunoblotting. Results: Albiflorin enhanced the viability of AGEs-induced gingival fibroblasts and reduced ROS production. It also decreased the expression of IL-6, IL-8, RAGE, and MMP-1, suggesting an anti- inflammatory effect. Mechanistically, albiflorin modulated the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways in AGEs-induced gingival fibroblasts. Conclusion: Albiflorin exhibited protective effects against AGEs-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in gingival fibroblasts, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for periodontitis in diabetic patients. The modulation of the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways by albiflorin provides insight into its mechanism of action. other: /
{"title":"Albiflorin Inhibits Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced ROS and MMP-1 Expression in Gingival Fibroblasts","authors":"Linlin Gao, Wenqi Fu, Yanyan Liu, Lili Fan, Shiwei Liu, Nan Zhang","doi":"10.2174/011574888x302174240420165019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888x302174240420165019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontitis is a common complication of diabetes, with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Albiflorin, a monoterpene glycoside, has shown potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of albiflorin on AGEs-induced gingival fibroblasts and its underlying mechanisms. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of albiflorin in mitigating ROS production, inflammation, and MMP-1 expression in AGEs-induced gingival fibroblasts. objective: / Methods: The viability of gingival fibroblasts treated with albiflorin and AGEs was assessed using CCK-8 assays. ROS levels were measured by DCF staining, and the expression of inflammatory markers and MMP-1 was evaluated by ELISA and qPCR. The involvement of the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways was examined by immunoblotting. Results: Albiflorin enhanced the viability of AGEs-induced gingival fibroblasts and reduced ROS production. It also decreased the expression of IL-6, IL-8, RAGE, and MMP-1, suggesting an anti- inflammatory effect. Mechanistically, albiflorin modulated the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways in AGEs-induced gingival fibroblasts. Conclusion: Albiflorin exhibited protective effects against AGEs-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in gingival fibroblasts, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for periodontitis in diabetic patients. The modulation of the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways by albiflorin provides insight into its mechanism of action. other: /","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.2174/011574888x294791240408055222
Amrita Mondal, Ankita Talukdar, Rizwanul Haque
: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are among the top versatile implements of biomedical research. Stem cell science has made strides over the past few years, emerging as a new opportunity to treat cancer, and many such continuous initiatives have been made into clinical trials. As the global mortality rate is too high despite the effectiveness of prevalent cancer therapies, this review explores the potential of iPSC in different aspects of cancer-related areas. The preparation of iPSCs, including their derivation from cancer stem cells, was covered after establishing the intricacy of current cancer treatments. This article highlights the potential of iPSC- based NK cells and dendritic cells for immunotherapy and delves into the role of iPSC-based mesenchymal cells in targeted therapy. The potential of iPSC-derived organoids as a vital tool for disease modeling and drug discovery has been showcased, and the importance of iPSC-based cancer vaccines is also emphasized. The ongoing clinical trials of iPSC-based cancer treatment have also been highlighted. Though much work remains to be done to implicate these iPSC-based therapeutic options from research labs to clinics and hospitals, ongoing studies and clinical/translational follow-ups raise hope for novel cancer therapies employing iPSC technology.
{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Revolutionizing Cancer Therapy","authors":"Amrita Mondal, Ankita Talukdar, Rizwanul Haque","doi":"10.2174/011574888x294791240408055222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888x294791240408055222","url":null,"abstract":": Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are among the top versatile implements of biomedical research. Stem cell science has made strides over the past few years, emerging as a new opportunity to treat cancer, and many such continuous initiatives have been made into clinical trials. As the global mortality rate is too high despite the effectiveness of prevalent cancer therapies, this review explores the potential of iPSC in different aspects of cancer-related areas. The preparation of iPSCs, including their derivation from cancer stem cells, was covered after establishing the intricacy of current cancer treatments. This article highlights the potential of iPSC- based NK cells and dendritic cells for immunotherapy and delves into the role of iPSC-based mesenchymal cells in targeted therapy. The potential of iPSC-derived organoids as a vital tool for disease modeling and drug discovery has been showcased, and the importance of iPSC-based cancer vaccines is also emphasized. The ongoing clinical trials of iPSC-based cancer treatment have also been highlighted. Though much work remains to be done to implicate these iPSC-based therapeutic options from research labs to clinics and hospitals, ongoing studies and clinical/translational follow-ups raise hope for novel cancer therapies employing iPSC technology.","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.2174/011574888x287532240325041249
Ayrton Bangolo, Samir Oza, Ronit Slotky, Aimee Chappell, David Siegel, Harsh Parmar, Noa Biran, David H. Vesole, Pooja Phull
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells, which produce monoclonal immunoglobulin that can cause vital organ damage, subsequently leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard-of-care management of eligible patients with newly diagnosed MM. Experts recommend collecting enough stem cells upfront to support a possible tandem transplant, salvage ASCT, or a stem cell “boost” to allow for the administration of multiagent cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells which produce monoclonal immunoglobulin that can cause vital organ damage, subsequently leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard-of-care management of eligible patients with newly diagnosed MM. Experts recommend collecting enough stem cells upfront to support a possible tandem transplant, salvage ASCT, or a stem cell “boost” to allow for the administration of multiagent cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. Objective: There is currently a paucity of data on the response rates and outcomes of patients with relapsed MM who undergo cytotoxic chemotherapy followed by a stem cell boost; this study examines the outcomes of patients treated with this approach. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review from two oncologic treatment centers in the United States of adult patients who underwent a first ASCT between 1999 and 2021 and subsequently received cytotoxic chemotherapy followed by stem cell boost further on in their disease course. Survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival curves. Results: We found that the majority (56.6%) of these patients responded to therapy and that 60.6% of these patients were able to receive at least one subsequent line of therapy post-boost. Furthermore, patients who responded to therapy had significantly longer median overall survival compared to those who did not respond (323 days vs 93 days, p=0.0045), and age did not affect response to therapy. Conclusion: This data allow clinicians to appropriately implement and inform patients of the therapeutic uses and clinical outcomes of stem cell boost in patients with multiply relapsed/refractory MM.
背景：多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种无法治愈的血液系统恶性肿瘤：多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种无法治愈的血液系统恶性肿瘤，其特征是浆细胞的肿瘤性增殖，浆细胞产生的单克隆免疫球蛋白可造成重要器官损伤，从而导致严重的发病率和死亡率。自体造血干细胞移植（ASCT）是治疗符合条件的新诊断MM患者的标准方法。专家建议先收集足够的干细胞，以支持可能的串联移植、挽救性ASCT或干细胞 "增量"，以便对复发/难治性疾病患者进行多药细胞毒性化疗：多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种无法治愈的血液系统恶性肿瘤，其特征是浆细胞的肿瘤性增生，浆细胞产生的单克隆免疫球蛋白可导致重要器官损伤，进而导致严重的发病率和死亡率。自体造血干细胞移植（ASCT）是治疗符合条件的新诊断 MM 患者的标准方法。专家建议前期收集足够的干细胞，以支持可能的串联移植、挽救性ASCT或干细胞 "增量"，以便对复发/难治性疾病患者进行多药细胞毒性化疗。目的：目前，有关复发性骨髓瘤患者接受细胞毒性化疗后再进行干细胞增效治疗的反应率和疗效的数据很少；本研究探讨了采用这种方法治疗的患者的疗效。方法：我们对美国两家肿瘤治疗中心1999年至2021年间接受首次ASCT治疗、随后接受细胞毒性化疗和干细胞增效治疗的成年患者进行了回顾性病历审查。采用卡普兰-梅耶法进行生存分析，并用对数秩检验比较生存曲线。结果我们发现，这些患者中的大多数（56.6%）对治疗有反应，其中 60.6% 的患者能够在增效后接受至少一种后续治疗。此外，对治疗有反应的患者的中位总生存期明显长于没有反应的患者（323 天 vs 93 天，P=0.0045），而年龄并不影响对治疗的反应。结论临床医生可根据这些数据，对多次复发/难治性MM患者适当实施干细胞促进疗法，并告知患者其治疗用途和临床结果。
{"title":"Outcomes of Patients with Heavily Pretreated Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Receiving Salvage Cytotoxic Therapy with Supportive Stem Cell Boost","authors":"Ayrton Bangolo, Samir Oza, Ronit Slotky, Aimee Chappell, David Siegel, Harsh Parmar, Noa Biran, David H. Vesole, Pooja Phull","doi":"10.2174/011574888x287532240325041249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888x287532240325041249","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells, which produce monoclonal immunoglobulin that can cause vital organ damage, subsequently leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard-of-care management of eligible patients with newly diagnosed MM. Experts recommend collecting enough stem cells upfront to support a possible tandem transplant, salvage ASCT, or a stem cell “boost” to allow for the administration of multiagent cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells which produce monoclonal immunoglobulin that can cause vital organ damage, subsequently leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard-of-care management of eligible patients with newly diagnosed MM. Experts recommend collecting enough stem cells upfront to support a possible tandem transplant, salvage ASCT, or a stem cell “boost” to allow for the administration of multiagent cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. Objective: There is currently a paucity of data on the response rates and outcomes of patients with relapsed MM who undergo cytotoxic chemotherapy followed by a stem cell boost; this study examines the outcomes of patients treated with this approach. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review from two oncologic treatment centers in the United States of adult patients who underwent a first ASCT between 1999 and 2021 and subsequently received cytotoxic chemotherapy followed by stem cell boost further on in their disease course. Survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival curves. Results: We found that the majority (56.6%) of these patients responded to therapy and that 60.6% of these patients were able to receive at least one subsequent line of therapy post-boost. Furthermore, patients who responded to therapy had significantly longer median overall survival compared to those who did not respond (323 days vs 93 days, p=0.0045), and age did not affect response to therapy. Conclusion: This data allow clinicians to appropriately implement and inform patients of the therapeutic uses and clinical outcomes of stem cell boost in patients with multiply relapsed/refractory MM.","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140567609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is defined as a sudden loss of kidney function, which is often caused by drugs, toxins, and infections. The large spectrum of AKI implies diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. In many cases, AKI can be lethal, and kidney replacement therapy is frequently needed. However, current treatments are not satisfying. Developing novel therapies for AKI is essential. Adult stem cells possess regenerative ability and play an important role in medical research and disease treatment. background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a sudden loss of kidney function, which is often caused by drugs, toxins, and infections. The large spectrum of AKI implies diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. In many cases, AKI can be lethal, and kidney replacement therapy is frequently needed. However, current treatments are not satisfying. Methods: In this study, we isolated and characterized a distinct human urine-derived stem cell, which expressed both proximal tubular cell and mesenchymal stem cell genes as well as certain unique genes. objective: Developing novel therapies for AKI is essential. Adult stem cells possess regenerative powers and play an important role in medical research and disease treatment. Results: It was found that these cells exhibited robust protective effects on tubular cells and anti- inflammatory effects on macrophages in vitro. In an ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury NOD-SCID mouse model, transplantation of USCs significantly protected the kidney morphology and functions in vivo. method: Here we isolated and characterized a distinct human urine-derived stem cell, which expresses both proximal tubular cell and mesenchymal stem cell genes as well as certain unique genes. Conclusion: In summary, our results highlighted the effectiveness of USCs in protecting from PTC injury and impeding macrophage polarization, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins, suggesting the potential of USCs as a novel cell therapy in AKI. result: We discovered that these cells exhibited robust protective effects on tubular cells and anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages in vitro. In an ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury mouse model, transplantation of USCs significantly protected the kidney morphology and functions in vivo.
{"title":"The Renoprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells on Acute Kidney Injury Animals","authors":"Yuanyuan Kuang, Chenyu Fan, Xiaojun Long, Jiajia Zheng, Yunsi Zeng, Yuhui Wei, Jiasheng Zhang, Shuangjin Yu, Tong Chen, Hehuan Ruan, Yi Wang, Ning Na, Yiming Zhou, Jiang Qiu","doi":"10.2174/011574888x296559240326063705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888x296559240326063705","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is defined as a sudden loss of kidney function, which is often caused by drugs, toxins, and infections. The large spectrum of AKI implies diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. In many cases, AKI can be lethal, and kidney replacement therapy is frequently needed. However, current treatments are not satisfying. Developing novel therapies for AKI is essential. Adult stem cells possess regenerative ability and play an important role in medical research and disease treatment. background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a sudden loss of kidney function, which is often caused by drugs, toxins, and infections. The large spectrum of AKI implies diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. In many cases, AKI can be lethal, and kidney replacement therapy is frequently needed. However, current treatments are not satisfying. Methods: In this study, we isolated and characterized a distinct human urine-derived stem cell, which expressed both proximal tubular cell and mesenchymal stem cell genes as well as certain unique genes. objective: Developing novel therapies for AKI is essential. Adult stem cells possess regenerative powers and play an important role in medical research and disease treatment. Results: It was found that these cells exhibited robust protective effects on tubular cells and anti- inflammatory effects on macrophages in vitro. In an ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury NOD-SCID mouse model, transplantation of USCs significantly protected the kidney morphology and functions in vivo. method: Here we isolated and characterized a distinct human urine-derived stem cell, which expresses both proximal tubular cell and mesenchymal stem cell genes as well as certain unique genes. Conclusion: In summary, our results highlighted the effectiveness of USCs in protecting from PTC injury and impeding macrophage polarization, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins, suggesting the potential of USCs as a novel cell therapy in AKI. result: We discovered that these cells exhibited robust protective effects on tubular cells and anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages in vitro. In an ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury mouse model, transplantation of USCs significantly protected the kidney morphology and functions in vivo.","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140567601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.2174/011574888x272011231128073104
Hongru Ruan, Hui Shi, Wenkang Luan, Sida Pan
Introduction: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) may function as novel candidates for treating diabetic wounds due to their ability to promote angiogenesis. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the effects of BMSC-exos on the growth and metastasis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with high glucose (HG). The exosomes were separated from BMSCs and identified. The cell phenotype was detected by 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine, wound healing, and transwell assays, while the number of tubes was measured via tube formation assay. objective: The exosomes were separated from BMSCs and identified. Result: The RNA and protein expression levels were studied using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, whereas integration of microRNA-99b-5p (miR-99b-5p) with THAP domain containing 2 (THAP2) was confirmed via dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Results of transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that exosomes were successfully separated from BMSCs and endocytosed into the cytoplasm by HUVECs. Similarly, BMSC-exos were found to promote the growth of HG-treated HUVECs, while their growth was inhibited by suppressing miR-99b-5p. THAP2 was found to bind to miR-99b-5p, where THAP2 inhibition reversed the miR-99b-5p-induced effects on cell growth, migration, and tube numbers. Conclusion: In conclusion, miR-99b-5p in BMSC-exo protects HUVECs by negatively regulating THAP2 expression.
{"title":"Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomal microRNA- 99b-5p Promotes Cell Growth of High Glucose-treated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Modulating THAP Domain Containing 2 Expression","authors":"Hongru Ruan, Hui Shi, Wenkang Luan, Sida Pan","doi":"10.2174/011574888x272011231128073104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888x272011231128073104","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) may function as novel candidates for treating diabetic wounds due to their ability to promote angiogenesis. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the effects of BMSC-exos on the growth and metastasis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with high glucose (HG). The exosomes were separated from BMSCs and identified. The cell phenotype was detected by 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine, wound healing, and transwell assays, while the number of tubes was measured via tube formation assay. objective: The exosomes were separated from BMSCs and identified. Result: The RNA and protein expression levels were studied using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, whereas integration of microRNA-99b-5p (miR-99b-5p) with THAP domain containing 2 (THAP2) was confirmed via dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Results of transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that exosomes were successfully separated from BMSCs and endocytosed into the cytoplasm by HUVECs. Similarly, BMSC-exos were found to promote the growth of HG-treated HUVECs, while their growth was inhibited by suppressing miR-99b-5p. THAP2 was found to bind to miR-99b-5p, where THAP2 inhibition reversed the miR-99b-5p-induced effects on cell growth, migration, and tube numbers. Conclusion: In conclusion, miR-99b-5p in BMSC-exo protects HUVECs by negatively regulating THAP2 expression.","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139688938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.2174/011574888x253599231126161254
Peng Wang, Yang Liu, Xiao-Feng Duan, Xiao-Ying Pan, Xiang-Rui Kong, Yong Yang
Objective: The aim of this study was to construct a multicompartment synchronous rotating bioreactor (MCSRB) for batch-production of homogenized adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) microspheres and treat neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). background: Erectile dysfunction due to cavernous nerve injury is commonly associated with pelvic site surgery1, particularly radical prostatectomy, which is one of the most common first-line treatments for men with limited and locally progressive prostate cancer, with a probability of 14-82% of causing erectile dysfunction after surgery, severely affecting patients' quality of life. For this neurogenic erectile dysfunction, the traditional first-line treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors is ineffective and has side effects such as headache, dizziness, and indigestion; thus, there is an urgent need to find a new alternative therapy. In recent years, with the rise of stem cell therapy, the application of stem cells to the treatment of erectile dysfunction has attracted extra attention. Zhang et al. showed that a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue-derived stem cells has a neurotrophic effect on cavernous nerve regeneration. It has also been shown that intravenous infusion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuates erectile dysfunction after cavernous nerve injury in rats. However, because of the loose pore-like structure of the penile corpus cavernosum, stem cells injected via the corpus cavernosum carry the risk of cell escape, leading to pulmonary embolism; thus, this issue of safety and limited treatment due to cell escape warrants intensive study. It has been shown that culturing MSCs into 3D stem cell microspheres can significantly activate their paracrine function, which is important for improving the therapeutic potential of MSCs, while Xu's study showed that stem cell microspheres can increase cell retention in the cavernous body and reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism. Previous studies have found that stem cell microspheres can enhance paracrine, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic functions. Currently, there are many methods for 3D sphere formation of stem cells, such as the suspension droplet method, micropatterning method and microfluidic method, but all of these methods have deficiencies, such as low yield, low recovery of culture medium and the need for special equipment. The multicompartment synchronized rotating bioreactor is a device designed and developed by our team to culture MSC microspheres in 3D. During our experiments, we found that the dynamic culture of 3D stem microspheres using the MCSRB is very simple and convenient, and the design of multiple compartments scales well, which can greatly improve the efficiency and reduce the time of determining the optimal conditions during culture, and significantly improves MSC paracrine function. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the dynamic culture of dry 3D microspheres
研究目的本研究旨在构建多室同步旋转生物反应器（MCSRB），用于批量生产均质化脂肪来源干细胞（ADSC）微球，治疗神经源性勃起功能障碍（ED）：海绵体神经损伤导致的勃起功能障碍常见于盆腔部位手术1，尤其是根治性前列腺切除术，这是男性局限性和局部进展性前列腺癌最常见的一线治疗方法之一，术后引起勃起功能障碍的概率为14%-82%，严重影响患者的生活质量'。对于这种神经源性勃起功能障碍，传统的5型磷酸二酯酶（PDE5）抑制剂一线治疗效果不佳，且有头痛、头晕、消化不良等副作用，因此迫切需要寻找一种新的替代疗法。近年来，随着干细胞疗法的兴起，干细胞在勃起功能障碍治疗中的应用引起了人们的格外关注。Zhang等人的研究表明，脂肪组织来源的干细胞分泌的一种细胞因子对海绵体神经再生具有神经营养作用。也有研究表明，静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）可减轻大鼠海绵体神经损伤后的勃起功能障碍。然而，由于阴茎海绵体具有疏松的孔状结构，经海绵体注入的干细胞存在细胞逃逸的风险，可能导致肺栓塞；因此，因细胞逃逸而导致的安全性和治疗受限问题值得深入研究。有研究表明，将间叶干细胞培养成三维干细胞微球能显著激活其旁分泌功能，这对提高间叶干细胞的治疗潜力非常重要，而Xu'的研究表明，干细胞微球能增加细胞在海绵体内的存留，降低肺栓塞的风险。以往的研究发现，干细胞微球可增强旁分泌、抗炎和抗凋亡功能。目前，干细胞三维成球的方法很多，如悬浮液滴法、微图案法和微流体法等，但这些方法都存在产量低、培养液回收率低、需要特殊设备等不足。多室同步旋转生物反应器是我们团队设计开发的一种三维培养间充质干细胞微球的装置。在实验过程中，我们发现利用多室同步旋转生物反应器进行三维干细胞微球的动态培养非常简单方便，多室的设计扩展性好，可以大大提高培养效率，减少培养过程中确定最佳条件的时间，显著提高间充质干细胞的旁分泌功能。因此，本研究探讨了在该生物反应器中动态培养干性三维微球能否有效恢复海绵体神经损伤大鼠的勃起功能及病理变化。研究方法首先，利用离心装置和铰链托盘构建了一个 MCSRB。其次，探讨了影响 ADSC-球体形成的因素（密度、转速）。最后，建立了神经源性 ED 模型，以验证 ADSC-spheroids 治疗 ED 的有效性和安全性：研究在多室同步旋转生物反应器（MCSRB）中动态培养的大鼠脂肪干细胞（ADSC）微球对双侧海绵体神经损伤诱发的勃起功能障碍大鼠的治疗效果。结果多室同步旋转生物反应器促进 ADSCs 形成微球，大多数微球直径为 90-130 μm。与对照组相比，三维培养的上清液使 ADSCs 的细胞因子表达和人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）的迁移率显著增加。与传统 ADSCs 治疗组相比，ADSC-spheroids 治疗组的阴茎勃起功能和病理变化均有所改善（p < 0.01）。结论使用MCSRB装置可高效、批量、可控、均质化生产ADSC干细胞微球，并有效改善神经源性大鼠的勃起功能障碍：用MCSRB动态培养的三维ADSC微球治疗神经源性大鼠勃起功能障碍，能显著改善勃起功能障碍，并促进组织损伤的恢复，证明了干细胞微球的规模化培养价值和潜在的临床应用前景。
{"title":"A Novel Multi-compartment Rotating Bioreactor for Improving ADSC--Spheroid Formation and its Application in Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction","authors":"Peng Wang, Yang Liu, Xiao-Feng Duan, Xiao-Ying Pan, Xiang-Rui Kong, Yong Yang","doi":"10.2174/011574888x253599231126161254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888x253599231126161254","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to construct a multicompartment synchronous rotating bioreactor (MCSRB) for batch-production of homogenized adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) microspheres and treat neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). background: Erectile dysfunction due to cavernous nerve injury is commonly associated with pelvic site surgery1, particularly radical prostatectomy, which is one of the most common first-line treatments for men with limited and locally progressive prostate cancer, with a probability of 14-82% of causing erectile dysfunction after surgery, severely affecting patients&#039; quality of life. For this neurogenic erectile dysfunction, the traditional first-line treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors is ineffective and has side effects such as headache, dizziness, and indigestion; thus, there is an urgent need to find a new alternative therapy. In recent years, with the rise of stem cell therapy, the application of stem cells to the treatment of erectile dysfunction has attracted extra attention. Zhang et al. showed that a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue-derived stem cells has a neurotrophic effect on cavernous nerve regeneration. It has also been shown that intravenous infusion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuates erectile dysfunction after cavernous nerve injury in rats. However, because of the loose pore-like structure of the penile corpus cavernosum, stem cells injected via the corpus cavernosum carry the risk of cell escape, leading to pulmonary embolism; thus, this issue of safety and limited treatment due to cell escape warrants intensive study. It has been shown that culturing MSCs into 3D stem cell microspheres can significantly activate their paracrine function, which is important for improving the therapeutic potential of MSCs, while Xu&#039;s study showed that stem cell microspheres can increase cell retention in the cavernous body and reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism. Previous studies have found that stem cell microspheres can enhance paracrine, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic functions. Currently, there are many methods for 3D sphere formation of stem cells, such as the suspension droplet method, micropatterning method and microfluidic method, but all of these methods have deficiencies, such as low yield, low recovery of culture medium and the need for special equipment. The multicompartment synchronized rotating bioreactor is a device designed and developed by our team to culture MSC microspheres in 3D. During our experiments, we found that the dynamic culture of 3D stem microspheres using the MCSRB is very simple and convenient, and the design of multiple compartments scales well, which can greatly improve the efficiency and reduce the time of determining the optimal conditions during culture, and significantly improves MSC paracrine function. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the dynamic culture of dry 3D microspheres","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139688486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.2174/011574888x283318240118111822
Nasim Alamdar, Shirin Farivar, Kaveh Baghaei, Amir Ali Hamidieh, Hossein Soltaninejad, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Mohammadreza Zali, Zohreh Saltanatpour
Background: One of the main reasons for cancer resistance to chemotherapy is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer tissues. It is also believed that CSCs are the unique originators of all tumor cells. On the other hand, the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition pathway (EMT) can act as the main agent of metastasis. Therefore, it is possible that targeting CSCs as well as the EMT pathway could help in cancer therapy. Considering that CSCs constitute only a small percentage of the total tumor mass, enrichment before study is necessary. In our previous study, CSCs were enriched in the human colon cancer cell line HT29 by induction of EMT. These CSC-enriched HT29 cells with mesenchymal morphology were named “HT29-shE”. In the present study, these cells were used to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (Pio) and Cetuximab (Cet) in order to find CSC and EMT targeting agents. Method: The viability and IC50 rate of cells treated with different concentrations of Pio and Cet were evaluated using the MTT test. EMT and CSC markers and cell morphology were assessed in Pio and Cet treated and untreated HT29-shE cells using flow cytometry, realtime PCR, immunocytochemistry, and microscopic monitoring. Results: The findings showed that Pio and Cet at concentrations of 250 μM and 40 μg/ml, respectively, decrease cell viability by 50%. Also, they were able to reduce the expression of CSC markers (CD133 and CD44) in the CSC enriched HT29 cell line. Furthermore, Pio and Cet could efficiently reduce the expression of vimentin as a mesenchymal marker and significantly upregulate the expression of E-cadherin as an epidermal marker of EMT and its reverse mesenchymal-- to-epithelial transition (MET). In addition, the mesenchymal morphology of HT29-shE changed into epithelial morphology after Cet treatment. Conclusion: Pio and Cet could inhibit EMT and reduce CSC markers in the EMT induced/CSC enriched cell line. We expect that focus on finding EMT/CSC-targeting agents like these drugs can be helpful for cancer treatment.
背景：癌症对化疗产生耐药性的主要原因之一是癌症组织中存在癌症干细胞（CSCs）。人们还认为，癌干细胞是所有肿瘤细胞的独特起源。另一方面，上皮-间质转化途径（EMT）可作为转移的主要因素。因此，靶向 CSCs 和 EMT 通路可能有助于癌症治疗。考虑到 CSCs 只占肿瘤总量的一小部分，因此在研究前有必要进行富集。在我们之前的研究中，通过诱导 EMT，人结肠癌细胞系 HT29 中的 CSCs 得到了富集。这些具有间质形态的 CSC 富集 HT29 细胞被命名为 "HT29-shE"。在本研究中，这些细胞被用来研究吡格列酮 (Pio) 和西妥昔单抗 (Cet) 的作用，以寻找 CSC 和 EMT 靶向药物。研究方法使用 MTT 试验评估不同浓度 Pio 和 Cet 处理的细胞的活力和 IC50 率。使用流式细胞术、实时 PCR、免疫细胞化学和显微镜监测评估经 Pio 和 Cet 处理和未处理的 HT29-shE 细胞的 EMT 和 CSC 标记以及细胞形态。结果显示研究结果表明，浓度分别为 250 μM 和 40 μg/ml 的 Pio 和 Cet 能使细胞活力降低 50%。此外，它们还能减少富集了 CSC 的 HT29 细胞系中 CSC 标记（CD133 和 CD44）的表达。此外，Pio和Cet还能有效降低间质标志物波形蛋白的表达，并显著上调表皮标志物E-cadherin的表达。此外，经 Cet 处理后，HT29-shE 的间质形态转变为上皮形态。结论Pio和Cet可抑制EMT，减少EMT诱导/CSC富集细胞系的CSC标记物。我们希望，寻找类似这些药物的 EMT/CSC 靶向药物能对癌症治疗有所帮助。
{"title":"Effect of Pioglitazone and Cetuximab on Colon Cancer Stem-like Cell (CCSLCs) Properties","authors":"Nasim Alamdar, Shirin Farivar, Kaveh Baghaei, Amir Ali Hamidieh, Hossein Soltaninejad, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Mohammadreza Zali, Zohreh Saltanatpour","doi":"10.2174/011574888x283318240118111822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888x283318240118111822","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the main reasons for cancer resistance to chemotherapy is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer tissues. It is also believed that CSCs are the unique originators of all tumor cells. On the other hand, the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition pathway (EMT) can act as the main agent of metastasis. Therefore, it is possible that targeting CSCs as well as the EMT pathway could help in cancer therapy. Considering that CSCs constitute only a small percentage of the total tumor mass, enrichment before study is necessary. In our previous study, CSCs were enriched in the human colon cancer cell line HT29 by induction of EMT. These CSC-enriched HT29 cells with mesenchymal morphology were named “HT29-shE”. In the present study, these cells were used to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (Pio) and Cetuximab (Cet) in order to find CSC and EMT targeting agents. Method: The viability and IC50 rate of cells treated with different concentrations of Pio and Cet were evaluated using the MTT test. EMT and CSC markers and cell morphology were assessed in Pio and Cet treated and untreated HT29-shE cells using flow cytometry, realtime PCR, immunocytochemistry, and microscopic monitoring. Results: The findings showed that Pio and Cet at concentrations of 250 μM and 40 μg/ml, respectively, decrease cell viability by 50%. Also, they were able to reduce the expression of CSC markers (CD133 and CD44) in the CSC enriched HT29 cell line. Furthermore, Pio and Cet could efficiently reduce the expression of vimentin as a mesenchymal marker and significantly upregulate the expression of E-cadherin as an epidermal marker of EMT and its reverse mesenchymal-- to-epithelial transition (MET). In addition, the mesenchymal morphology of HT29-shE changed into epithelial morphology after Cet treatment. Conclusion: Pio and Cet could inhibit EMT and reduce CSC markers in the EMT induced/CSC enriched cell line. We expect that focus on finding EMT/CSC-targeting agents like these drugs can be helpful for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139661261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endocytic membranes. The transfer of biomolecules and biological compounds such as enzymes, proteins, RNA, lipids, and cellular waste disposal through exosomes plays an essential function in cell-cell communication and regulation of pathological and physiological processes in skin disease. The skin is one of the vital organs that makes up about 8% of the total body mass. This organ consists of three layers, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis that cover the outer surface of the body. Heterogeneity and endogeneity of exosomes is an advantage that distinguishes them from nanoparticles and liposomes and leads to their widespread usage in the remedy of dermal diseases. The biocompatible nature of these extracellular vesicles has attracted the attention of many health researchers. In this review article, we will first discuss the biogenesis of exosomes, their contents, separation methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of exosomes. Then we will highlight recent developments related to the therapeutic applications of exosomes in the treatment of common skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, alopecia, epidermolysis bullosa, keloid, melanoma, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis.
{"title":"The Current Status and Future Direction of Extracellular Nano-vesicles in the Alleviation of Skin Disorders.","authors":"Raziyeh Ghorbani, Simzar Hosseinzadeh, Arezo Azari, Niloofar Taghipour, Masoud Soleimani, Azam Rahimpour, Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh","doi":"10.2174/1574888X18666230418121053","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574888X18666230418121053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endocytic membranes. The transfer of biomolecules and biological compounds such as enzymes, proteins, RNA, lipids, and cellular waste disposal through exosomes plays an essential function in cell-cell communication and regulation of pathological and physiological processes in skin disease. The skin is one of the vital organs that makes up about 8% of the total body mass. This organ consists of three layers, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis that cover the outer surface of the body. Heterogeneity and endogeneity of exosomes is an advantage that distinguishes them from nanoparticles and liposomes and leads to their widespread usage in the remedy of dermal diseases. The biocompatible nature of these extracellular vesicles has attracted the attention of many health researchers. In this review article, we will first discuss the biogenesis of exosomes, their contents, separation methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of exosomes. Then we will highlight recent developments related to the therapeutic applications of exosomes in the treatment of common skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, alopecia, epidermolysis bullosa, keloid, melanoma, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10979,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"351-366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9384098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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