Pub Date : 2019-03-07DOI: 10.36548/jsws.2019.1.002
Petr Jares Dr, Pavel Lafata Dr
The transmission capacity and speed of access networks need to be continually increased as the transmission demands and data flows of the end-users grow steadily. Metallic cables and lines are still often used in both local area networks as well as access networks. Today, the G.fast lines with transmission speed of 1 Gbps working in 212 MHz frequency band are being deployed in practice, and a novel XG.fast conception with a frequency band up to 424 MHz is being developed. However, the future DSL solutions will soon reach GHz transmission bands in order to increase the transmission speed over metallic lines. Due to that it is necessary to investigate the behaviour and transmission characteristics of typical existing metallic lines in GHz frequency band and to develop accurate models to provide necessary estimations and modelling of in order to optimize transmission parameters, modulations and characteristics of future gigabit DSL solutions.
{"title":"TOWARDS GHZ METALLIC ACCESS NETWORKS","authors":"Petr Jares Dr, Pavel Lafata Dr","doi":"10.36548/jsws.2019.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2019.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"The transmission capacity and speed of access networks need to be continually increased as the transmission demands and data flows of the end-users grow steadily. Metallic cables and lines are still often used in both local area networks as well as access networks. Today, the G.fast lines with transmission speed of 1 Gbps working in 212 MHz frequency band are being deployed in practice, and a novel XG.fast conception with a frequency band up to 424 MHz is being developed. However, the future DSL solutions will soon reach GHz transmission bands in order to increase the transmission speed over metallic lines. Due to that it is necessary to investigate the behaviour and transmission characteristics of typical existing metallic lines in GHz frequency band and to develop accurate models to provide necessary estimations and modelling of in order to optimize transmission parameters, modulations and characteristics of future gigabit DSL solutions.","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87379782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-03DOI: 10.36548/jsws.2019.1.001
Joy Iong Zong Chen Dr
The evaluation to the performance of bit error rate (BER) for an massive multi-input multi-output (M-MIMO) system with spatial time shift keying (STSK) scheme over three-dimensions (3-D) fading model is proposed in this article. The long-term evaluation advanced (LTE-A) or 5th generation (5G) M-MIMO radio system is deployed with beamforming techniques over 3-D environment that contains the correlation phenomenon between angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD). Moreover, the determination of moment generating function (MGF) and characteristic function (CF) approaches is applied to derive analytical expression of BER for 3-D M-MIMO in order to avoid some difficult steps. Besides, the channel capacity is presented by using of mutual information to confirm the accuracy of the theoretically derived formulas. Furthermore, the work of performance evaluation is with different numbers of transmitter and receiver antennas. The correlation parameter between AoA and AoD definitely generates impact on the performance of BER when consider an M-MIMO system over the fading model and beamforming transmission.
{"title":"THE EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE FOR A MASS-MIMO SYSTEM WITH THE STSK SCHEME OVER 3-D FADING CHANNEL","authors":"Joy Iong Zong Chen Dr","doi":"10.36548/jsws.2019.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2019.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation to the performance of bit error rate (BER) for an massive multi-input multi-output (M-MIMO) system with spatial time shift keying (STSK) scheme over three-dimensions (3-D) fading model is proposed in this article. The long-term evaluation advanced (LTE-A) or 5th generation (5G) M-MIMO radio system is deployed with beamforming techniques over 3-D environment that contains the correlation phenomenon between angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD). Moreover, the determination of moment generating function (MGF) and characteristic function (CF) approaches is applied to derive analytical expression of BER for 3-D M-MIMO in order to avoid some difficult steps. Besides, the channel capacity is presented by using of mutual information to confirm the accuracy of the theoretically derived formulas. Furthermore, the work of performance evaluation is with different numbers of transmitter and receiver antennas. The correlation parameter between AoA and AoD definitely generates impact on the performance of BER when consider an M-MIMO system over the fading model and beamforming transmission.","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90749885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0119
E. Okonofua, O. Oladosu, R. Ehigiator –Irughe
This paper presents the field of Geomatics as an evolving field, its relevance to other fields of engineering in general as well as other countries who have been practicing it. The rationale for teaching Geomatics Engineering courses in Nigerian Universities as well as making it COREN registrable is borne out of good intention to put it where it rightly belongs. In this work, previous researches on the relevance of Geomatics Engineering in other engineering practices and the advantages the profession has offered other fields of Engineering due to proper placement were reviewed. Geomatics Engineering has metamorphosed over the years and many countries have taken advantages of this development as a welcome idea and Nigeria cannot be exception. This article also revealed the need for the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), to urgently incorporate Geomatics Engineering into its structure as a field of engineering practice in Nigeria similar to what is obtainable in other advanced counties. This will help in harnessing the full advantage of the profession in the field of Engineering practices where the knowledge of Geomatics is required.
{"title":"The Need for Inclusion of Geomatics Engineering as a Programme in Nigerian Universities and Registrable by Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN)","authors":"E. Okonofua, O. Oladosu, R. Ehigiator –Irughe","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the field of Geomatics as an evolving field, its relevance to other fields of engineering in general as well as other countries who have been practicing it. The rationale for teaching Geomatics Engineering courses in Nigerian Universities as well as making it COREN registrable is borne out of good intention to put it where it rightly belongs. In this work, previous researches on the relevance of Geomatics Engineering in other engineering practices and the advantages the profession has offered other fields of Engineering due to proper placement were reviewed. Geomatics Engineering has metamorphosed over the years and many countries have taken advantages of this development as a welcome idea and Nigeria cannot be exception. This article also revealed the need for the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), to urgently incorporate Geomatics Engineering into its structure as a field of engineering practice in Nigeria similar to what is obtainable in other advanced counties. This will help in harnessing the full advantage of the profession in the field of Engineering practices where the knowledge of Geomatics is required.","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79439868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insight from catastrophe","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2019-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2019-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85015941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The fossils of Bell Island","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2019-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2019-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91389571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0111
C. Emeribe, E. T. Ogbomida, J. O. Enoma-Calus
The study investigated the effects of rainfall and temperature variability on crop water requirements of selected food crops in the Sokoto-Rima River Basin, Northwest of Nigeria. Rainfall and temperature datasets were obtained from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) TS 3.21 of the University of East Anglia, Norwich, for a period of 70 years (1943-2012). The suitability of CRU datasets were verified by correlating the datasets with measured rainfall data of Yelwa synoptic station, from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Selected food crops were used for estimating supplementary irrigation water needs in the River basin. Results of Mann-Kendal, Spearman’s Rho and linear regression tests showed strong evidence of increasing annual temperature and potential evapotranspiration with corresponding decrease in rainfall amounts, especially in the northern parts of the basin which houses big irrigation projects and dams such as the Goronyo Irrigation and the Bakolori Dam and Bakolori Irrigation Project. This will impact on the water availability within the basin, through reduction in surface and ground water supply for ongoing irrigation and other water resources projects. Water requirements for selected crops were modeled to ascertain crop sensitivity to climatic variability which will aid in the design of supplementary irrigation water needs models. Results showed that even in the rainfall months, supplementary irrigation of varying quantity is required to complement rainfall, most especially, in the northeast of the basin. Surprisingly, the month of May which marks commencement of rainfall, recorded the highest water need and this has implication for agriculture yields in the region.
{"title":"Climatic Variability and Estimation of Supplementary Irrigation Water Needs of Selected Food Crops in the Sokoto-Rima River Basin, Nigeria","authors":"C. Emeribe, E. T. Ogbomida, J. O. Enoma-Calus","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0111","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effects of rainfall and temperature variability on crop water requirements of selected food crops in the Sokoto-Rima River Basin, Northwest of Nigeria. Rainfall and temperature datasets were obtained from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) TS 3.21 of the University of East Anglia, Norwich, for a period of 70 years (1943-2012). The suitability of CRU datasets were verified by correlating the datasets with measured rainfall data of Yelwa synoptic station, from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Selected food crops were used for estimating supplementary irrigation water needs in the River basin. Results of Mann-Kendal, Spearman’s Rho and linear regression tests showed strong evidence of increasing annual temperature and potential evapotranspiration with corresponding decrease in rainfall amounts, especially in the northern parts of the basin which houses big irrigation projects and dams such as the Goronyo Irrigation and the Bakolori Dam and Bakolori Irrigation Project. This will impact on the water availability within the basin, through reduction in surface and ground water supply for ongoing irrigation and other water resources projects. Water requirements for selected crops were modeled to ascertain crop sensitivity to climatic variability which will aid in the design of supplementary irrigation water needs models. Results showed that even in the rainfall months, supplementary irrigation of varying quantity is required to complement rainfall, most especially, in the northeast of the basin. Surprisingly, the month of May which marks commencement of rainfall, recorded the highest water need and this has implication for agriculture yields in the region.","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82203634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0108
A. Butu, C. Emeribe, E. T. Ogbomida
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrologically induced environmental problem in Benin City and how communities (considered as non-state actors) can be sustainably integrated/participate in monitoring of environmental change, disaster preparedness, post disaster management mechanisms and influence water resources development/management decisions. The study focused on the seasonal flood events of years 2016 and 2017. The study showed that the impacts of flooding in Benin City ranges from submergence of physical infrastructures, loss of agricultural lands/ farms. Using the Focused Group Discussion and Interview methods, 61.9% of flood affected persons agreed that their houses were submerged, 80.5% indicated that their farms, including fish farms, piggery, snail farms, crops and poultry were damaged by floods, 9.6%, indicated having experienced food stock losses due to floods. Most common diseases/sicknesses experienced were diarrhoea (27%), malaria (37%); cough (20%), while sickness due to snake bite was the least (4%). Fe and fecal coli form count values were high during seasonal flood event. Most of the hydraulic regulation projects have failed mainly due to poor feasibility study, inadequacy of hydrological data, non-involvement of relevant stakeholder and the complete absence of community based groups during engineering construction works. The study proposed a State-Non-state actors Integrated Model, which will be registered as a Corporate organization to plan and monitor environmental changes relating to climate change, flood and gully erosion disasters and with the active involvement of NEMA, SEMA, LEMA and other related agencies and NGO. Depending on the size of each Local Government Area in Benin, the proposed committee will comprise of 25-50 members. The study recommends capacity building of members in the form of training and re-training in the areas of early warning, preparedness, adaptation, emergency plan, data collection method/analysis, writing of research grants proposals to fund the activities of the committee and monitoring for environmental changes.
{"title":"Effects of Seasonal Flooding in Benin City and the need for a Community-Based Adaptation Model in Disaster Management in Nigeria","authors":"A. Butu, C. Emeribe, E. T. Ogbomida","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0108","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrologically induced environmental problem in Benin City and how communities (considered as non-state actors) can be sustainably integrated/participate in monitoring of environmental change, disaster preparedness, post disaster management mechanisms and influence water resources development/management decisions. The study focused on the seasonal flood events of years 2016 and 2017. The study showed that the impacts of flooding in Benin City ranges from submergence of physical infrastructures, loss of agricultural lands/ farms. Using the Focused Group Discussion and Interview methods, 61.9% of flood affected persons agreed that their houses were submerged, 80.5% indicated that their farms, including fish farms, piggery, snail farms, crops and poultry were damaged by floods, 9.6%, indicated having experienced food stock losses due to floods. Most common diseases/sicknesses experienced were diarrhoea (27%), malaria (37%); cough (20%), while sickness due to snake bite was the least (4%). Fe and fecal coli form count values were high during seasonal flood event. Most of the hydraulic regulation projects have failed mainly due to poor feasibility study, inadequacy of hydrological data, non-involvement of relevant stakeholder and the complete absence of community based groups during engineering construction works. The study proposed a State-Non-state actors Integrated Model, which will be registered as a Corporate organization to plan and monitor environmental changes relating to climate change, flood and gully erosion disasters and with the active involvement of NEMA, SEMA, LEMA and other related agencies and NGO. Depending on the size of each Local Government Area in Benin, the proposed committee will comprise of 25-50 members. The study recommends capacity building of members in the form of training and re-training in the areas of early warning, preparedness, adaptation, emergency plan, data collection method/analysis, writing of research grants proposals to fund the activities of the committee and monitoring for environmental changes.","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87220820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0105
I. Onuigbo, T. Adewuyi, J. Odumosu, G. A. Oluibukun
The volume of traffic generated by land-use pattern varies during different periods of the day but there is usually a predictable pattern of such traffic volumes. Most often, the structure of urban land-use fails to provide easy and convenient traffic movement, which in the case of the study area is usually that of vehicles and pedestrian traffic. The fact is that Minna is presently experiencing rapid urban growth. Both the authorities and citizens seem to simply ignore this and its impact on human existence. The research is based on Road Traffic Network Analysis in Minna, to develop a road network map and determine the causes of Traffic Congestion in Kpakungu specifically. Quickbird satellite imagery was used in analyzing and mapping out the existing road network within the study area. Field survey aspects involving measuring of roads, traffic count, coordinates captured were also undertaken. It was discovered that the causes of the traffic pressure in the study area was as a result of the relocation of Federal University of Technology, Minna to its permanent site in Gidan Kwanu and the relocation of National Examination Council(NECO) Headquarter. Majority of the traffic pressure in the area were as a result of vehicles coming from Maikunkele, Bosso, Maitumbi, Minna central, Dutsen Kura, Chanchaga, Tunga, Sahuka-kahuta and BarikinSale going to Bida, Gidan-Kwanu or NECO office. It was concluded that alternative roads should be provided for vehicle diversion to limit the congestion of traffic on the road.
{"title":"Applications of Surveying and Geoinformatics for Planning New Routes to Solve Traffic Congestion in part of Minna Metropolis (Kpakungu, a case study)","authors":"I. Onuigbo, T. Adewuyi, J. Odumosu, G. A. Oluibukun","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0105","url":null,"abstract":"The volume of traffic generated by land-use pattern varies during different periods of the day but there is usually a predictable pattern of such traffic volumes. Most often, the structure of urban land-use fails to provide easy and convenient traffic movement, which in the case of the study area is usually that of vehicles and pedestrian traffic. The fact is that Minna is presently experiencing rapid urban growth. Both the authorities and citizens seem to simply ignore this and its impact on human existence. The research is based on Road Traffic Network Analysis in Minna, to develop a road network map and determine the causes of Traffic Congestion in Kpakungu specifically. Quickbird satellite imagery was used in analyzing and mapping out the existing road network within the study area. Field survey aspects involving measuring of roads, traffic count, coordinates captured were also undertaken. It was discovered that the causes of the traffic pressure in the study area was as a result of the relocation of Federal University of Technology, Minna to its permanent site in Gidan Kwanu and the relocation of National Examination Council(NECO) Headquarter. Majority of the traffic pressure in the area were as a result of vehicles coming from Maikunkele, Bosso, Maitumbi, Minna central, Dutsen Kura, Chanchaga, Tunga, Sahuka-kahuta and BarikinSale going to Bida, Gidan-Kwanu or NECO office. It was concluded that alternative roads should be provided for vehicle diversion to limit the congestion of traffic on the road.","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81380927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0124
L. O. Bobor, C. Umeh
The indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents and solid wastes in surface water bodies is detrimental to humans and aquatic organisms. Water quality monitoring is critical to identify pollutants of concern and develop effective management strategies. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the impact of waste disposal on the water quality of Aba Waterside River, Ogbor hill, Aba. Grab samples were collected upstream, midstream and downstream and some physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in accordance with standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater. The results were compared with the Nigerian standard for drinking water quality and the national environmental effluent limitation regulations. Turbidity levels (10 -31mg/l) exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water (5mg/l) and may be associated with higher levels of embedded disease-causing microbes and potentially harmful organic and inorganic substances. The biological oxygen demand midstream (1960mg/l) was remarkably high due to the effluent discharged from the abattoirs at that point. Fecal coliforms (3-198MPN/100ml) were detected in all samples, indicating the presence of other potentially harmful microorganisms. The findings of this study indicate that the water is unsuitable for direct drinking water purposes and stringent water quality control measures should be implemented.
{"title":"Physicochemical and Microbiological Water Quality Assessment of Aba Waterside River, Aba, Nigeria","authors":"L. O. Bobor, C. Umeh","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0124","url":null,"abstract":"The indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents and solid wastes in surface water bodies is detrimental to humans and aquatic organisms. Water quality monitoring is critical to identify pollutants of concern and develop effective management strategies. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the impact of waste disposal on the water quality of Aba Waterside River, Ogbor hill, Aba. Grab samples were collected upstream, midstream and downstream and some physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in accordance with standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater. The results were compared with the Nigerian standard for drinking water quality and the national environmental effluent limitation regulations. Turbidity levels (10 -31mg/l) exceeded the maximum permissible levels for drinking water (5mg/l) and may be associated with higher levels of embedded disease-causing microbes and potentially harmful organic and inorganic substances. The biological oxygen demand midstream (1960mg/l) was remarkably high due to the effluent discharged from the abattoirs at that point. Fecal coliforms (3-198MPN/100ml) were detected in all samples, indicating the presence of other potentially harmful microorganisms. The findings of this study indicate that the water is unsuitable for direct drinking water purposes and stringent water quality control measures should be implemented.","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82783570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0069
S. Osuji, N. Kayode-Ojo
This study presents the evaluation of the feasibility of using bamboo as a potential reinforcement in concrete beams. To achieve this, absorption test, tensile tests on the bamboo; compressive test on concrete cubes were conducted. Three-point bending tests on concrete beams reinforced with bamboo were performed to identify their behaviour compared to steel reinforced concrete members. The result for the absorption test indicated that water absorption of bamboo is quite high. The bamboo absorbed about 25% of water of its saturated weight in just 24 hrs and increased number of nodes brought about increased absorption of water. It also showed that the bamboo from the top part of the culm absorbed more water than those from the bottom of the culm, with an increase of about 9%. For the tensile tests all the bamboo specimens showed brittle failure at node, making the node the most critical section for failure under tensile stresses, which was also verified in the beam tests. The yield stress was 56.80 N/mm2. In general, the test results indicated that bamboo reinforcement enhanced the load carrying capacity by approximately 200%.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Feasibility of the Use of Bamboo as Potential Reinforcement in Concrete Beams","authors":"S. Osuji, N. Kayode-Ojo","doi":"10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2019.01.0069","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the evaluation of the feasibility of using bamboo as a potential reinforcement in concrete beams. To achieve this, absorption test, tensile tests on the bamboo; compressive test on concrete cubes were conducted. Three-point bending tests on concrete beams reinforced with bamboo were performed to identify their behaviour compared to steel reinforced concrete members. The result for the absorption test indicated that water absorption of bamboo is quite high. The bamboo absorbed about 25% of water of its saturated weight in just 24 hrs and increased number of nodes brought about increased absorption of water. It also showed that the bamboo from the top part of the culm absorbed more water than those from the bottom of the culm, with an increase of about 9%. For the tensile tests all the bamboo specimens showed brittle failure at node, making the node the most critical section for failure under tensile stresses, which was also verified in the beam tests. The yield stress was 56.80 N/mm2. In general, the test results indicated that bamboo reinforcement enhanced the load carrying capacity by approximately 200%.","PeriodicalId":11031,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, March 21, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74876759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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