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Interaction of Psychological Factors in Shaping Entrepreneurial Intention Among Computer and Electrical Engineering Students 心理因素在计算机与电子工程专业学生创业意向形成中的交互作用
Pub Date : 2016-05-17 DOI: 10.7341/20151121
C. Liang, Jia-Ling Lee, C. Liang
Numerous technopreneurs start their ventures at college age, but the entrepreneurship of computer and electrical engineering (CEE) students remains under-studied. This study analysed both the combined and interactive effects of psychological factors on the entrepreneurial intentions of CEE students. In this study, entrepreneurial intention comprised two dimensions, conviction and preparation. Regarding the direct effects, the results indicated that self-efficacy affected entrepreneurial conviction the most, followed by negative emotion, intrinsic motivation, and metacognition. Negative emotion affected entrepreneurial preparation the most, followed by self-efficacy and positive emotion. The results also revealed several crucial interactive effects resulting from psychological factors. An increase in cognitive load increased the entrepreneurial intention of students exhibiting high intrinsic motivation and reduced the intention of students exhibiting low intrinsic motivation. An increase in metacognition increased the entrepreneurial conviction of students exhibiting either high or low intrinsic motivation. An increase in positive emotion reduced the entrepreneurial intention of students exhibiting high negative emotion and increased the intention of students exhibiting low negative emotion. An increase in self-efficacy increased the entrepreneurial intention of students exhibiting either high or low negative emotion.
许多科技企业家在上大学时就开始创业,但计算机和电气工程(CEE)学生的创业精神仍未得到充分研究。本研究分析了心理因素对中学生创业意向的联合效应和交互效应。在本研究中,创业意向包括信念和准备两个维度。在直接影响方面,自我效能感对创业信念的影响最大,其次是负面情绪、内在动机和元认知。负面情绪对创业准备的影响最大,其次是自我效能感和积极情绪。研究结果还揭示了心理因素造成的几个关键的相互作用。认知负荷的增加增加了高内在动机学生的创业意愿,降低了低内在动机学生的创业意愿。元认知水平的提高增加了内在动机高或低的学生的创业信念。积极情绪的增加降低了高负性情绪学生的创业意向,提高了低负性情绪学生的创业意向。自我效能感的提高增加了高负性情绪和低负性情绪学生的创业意向。
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引用次数: 7
A Review on High Performance Concrete 高性能混凝土研究进展
Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2668127
A. K. Jacob, Nivin Philip
High-performance concrete (HPC) is widely used in large scale concrete constructions that require high strength, high flow ability and high durability. Various studies are performed on high performance concrete with respect to workability, strength and durability. The effect of various mineral admixtures on HPC is studied. The incorporation of various mineral and chemical admixtures is found to increase the strength and durability of HPC. The deformability of concrete and fracture properties of HPC was investigated. The effect of temperature variation on HPC was also studied. HPC is a highly promising building material and has wide range of application due to its expectional properties.
高性能混凝土(HPC)广泛应用于要求高强度、高流动能力和高耐久性的大型混凝土结构中。对高性能混凝土的和易性、强度和耐久性进行了各种研究。研究了不同矿物掺合料对高性能混凝土的影响。各种矿物和化学外加剂的掺入可以提高高性能混凝土的强度和耐久性。研究了混凝土的变形性能和高性能混凝土的断裂性能。研究了温度变化对HPC的影响。高性能混凝土是一种极具发展前景的建筑材料,由于其优良的性能而具有广泛的应用前景。
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引用次数: 8
Development of Synthetic Core / Cotton Sheath Friction Spun Yarns Suitable for Specialty Industrial Fabrics / Garments 专用工业织物/服装用合成芯/棉护套摩擦纺纱的研制
Pub Date : 2015-07-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2796686
Mohamed Saad, Yehia Hazem Abdelmo
The Present paper describes the ways to make intelligent fabrics by making them conducive materials, i.e. breaking away from its traditional use as electrically insulating materials. For this purpose synthetic core/cotton sheath friction spun and disk spun yarns were used and incorporated in the fabric. Two models represented structures combining sensory materials others represented structures combining highly conductive materials with traditional fibrous material production trials in producing the electric wire core/cotton – polyester sheath yarns showed more challenges than the case of optical fiber core/cotton – polyester sheath yarn
本文介绍了如何将智能织物从传统的电绝缘材料中解放出来,使其成为一种有益的材料。为此,在织物中加入了合成芯/棉护套摩擦纺纱和圆盘纺纱。两种模型代表了传感材料结合的结构,另一种模型代表了高导电材料与传统纤维材料结合的结构。电线芯/棉涤护套纱的生产试验表明,与光纤芯/棉涤护套纱相比,电线芯/棉涤护套纱的生产更具挑战性
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引用次数: 0
Software Process Diversity: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis of Impact on Project Performance 软件过程多样性:对项目绩效影响的概念化、度量和分析
Pub Date : 2015-07-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2627173
Narayan Ramasubbu, A. Bharadwaj, G. Tayi
This article investigates software process diversity, defined as the project condition arising out of the simultaneous use of multiple software development process frameworks within a single project. Software process diversity is conceptualized as the response of a project team to such contingencies as requirements volatility, design and technological novelty, customer involvement, and the level of organizational process compliance enforced on the project. Moreover, we conceptualize that the degree of fit (or match) between a project's software process diversity and the level of process compliance enforced on the project impacts overall project performance. This conceptualization was empirically tested by utilizing data collected from 410 large commercial software projects of a multinational firm. The results show that higher levels of requirements volatility, design and technological novelty, and customer involvement increased software process diversity within a project. However, software process diversity decreased relative to increases in the level of process compliance enforced on the project. A higher degree of fit between the process diversity and process compliance of a project, rather than the effects of those variables independently, was found to be significantly associated with a higher level of project performance, as measured in terms of project productivity and software quality. These results indicate that increasing software process diversity in response to project-level contingencies improves project performance only when there is a concomitant increase in organizational process compliance efforts. The implications of these results for research are discussed and prescriptive guidelines derived to manage the fit between process diversity and process compliance for improving software project performance.
本文研究了软件过程多样性,定义为在单个项目中同时使用多个软件开发过程框架所产生的项目条件。软件过程多样性被概念化为项目团队对诸如需求波动、设计和技术新颖性、客户参与以及项目上执行的组织过程遵从程度等突发事件的响应。此外,我们概念化了项目的软件过程多样性和在项目上执行的过程遵从程度之间的契合度(或匹配度)会影响整个项目的性能。利用从一家跨国公司的410个大型商业软件项目中收集的数据,对这一概念进行了实证检验。结果表明,更高水平的需求波动性、设计和技术新颖性以及客户参与增加了项目中的软件过程多样性。然而,软件过程多样性相对于在项目上执行的过程遵从性水平的增加而减少。一个项目的过程多样性和过程遵从性之间的高度契合,而不是那些独立变量的影响,被发现与更高水平的项目绩效有显著的关联,正如在项目生产力和软件质量方面测量的那样。这些结果表明,增加软件过程多样性以响应项目级别的偶然性,只有在组织过程遵从性努力同时增加的情况下,才能提高项目性能。本文讨论了这些研究结果的含义,并导出了规范的指导方针,以管理过程多样性和过程遵从性之间的契合,从而改进软件项目的性能。
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引用次数: 44
XBRL: Towards an Unified Taxonomy XBRL:走向统一的分类法
Pub Date : 2015-06-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2661294
D. Beerbaum
This study identifies upcoming trends for XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language). While most of the articles focus on technological aspects such as ontology and software engineering this article relates to accounting-related aspects of the taxonomy. The taxonomy can be regarded as a main cornerstone of each XBRL financial reporting submission. As taxonomy do not develop standards, laws and regulations newly, they only derive standardized reporting elements the current landscape of taxonomy is still characterised by multiple heterogeneous taxonomies. Based on the harmonization requirements and requests from regulators for better comparison of financial reports among peers, it can be concluded that taxonomies will adapt and merge to each other. In an endgame scenario it is probable that only one taxonomy remains and prevails.
这项研究确定了XBRL(可扩展业务报告语言)的未来趋势。虽然大多数文章关注的是技术方面,如本体和软件工程,但本文涉及分类法中与会计相关的方面。分类法可以被视为每个XBRL财务报告提交的主要基础。由于分类法没有制定新的标准、法律和法规,它们只是派生标准化的报告要素,目前的分类法格局仍然是以多种异构分类法为特征的。根据协调要求和监管机构要求更好地比较同行之间的财务报告,可以得出结论,分类法将相互适应和合并。在终局的情况下,很可能只有一种分类法保留下来并盛行。
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引用次数: 1
Investigating Interbank Contagion with Agent-Based Modeling and Functional Dependency Network Analysis (FDNA) 基于主体模型和功能依赖网络分析(FDNA)的银行间传染研究
Pub Date : 2015-05-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2608937
Amy Costa, Michael K. McShane, C. Pinto
Functional Dependency Network Analysis (FDNA) is a tool developed by engineer management researchers for developing systems that are more resilient and less prone to catastrophic failure. Considering financial networks as a system-of-systems, we introduce FDNA for analyzing non-engineering systems. This paper applies FDNA to the financial system to investigate not only what causes contagion but also how it spreads through a financial network, specifically to understand how the failure of one bank affects others in the system. A simple agent-based model of interbank lending will be presented and FDNA will be applied to it. A main goal of the paper is to promote application of a new tool from systems engineering to financial networks.
功能依赖网络分析(FDNA)是由工程管理研究人员开发的一种工具,用于开发更具弹性且不易发生灾难性故障的系统。将金融网络视为系统的系统,我们引入FDNA来分析非工程系统。本文将FDNA应用于金融体系,不仅研究导致传染的原因,还研究它如何通过金融网络传播,特别是了解一家银行的倒闭如何影响系统中的其他银行。本文将介绍一个简单的基于代理的银行间贷款模型,并将FDNA应用于该模型。本文的主要目标是促进系统工程新工具在金融网络中的应用。
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引用次数: 4
Analysis of the Evolution of Sovereign Bond Yields by Wavelet Techniques 主权债券收益率演变的小波分析
Pub Date : 2015-01-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2546936
David Chinarro-Vadillo, E. Martínez-Budría, S. Sosvilla‐Rivero
The term ”wavelets” covers a set of resources from the mathematical analysis that have proven their efficiency in system identification on areas such as hydrology, geology, glaciology, climatology and energy resources optimization. The methodology undergone on systems engineering could be extrapolated to everything conceptualized as ”complex system” whatever its nature. The wavelet techniques provide the description of non-stationary components and the evolution of macroeconomic variables in the frequency domain. The identification of predominant frequential scales and transient effects in time series, highlights the multiresolucional analysis, that would be more difficult to treat with traditional methods of econometrics. A review of the literature will show the potential problems that can be solved with these techniques, such as prediction of benefits calculated on the evolution of the risk premium of a country, the extraction of symmetric macroeconomic shocks in country clusters, or detection of transient effects on the mutual influence of sovereign bonds between pairs of countries, among others. The dissertation will culminate in specific applications that show the power of wavelet techniques in identifying possible determinants and correlation of the evolution of sovereign bond yields in the euro area countries.
术语“小波”涵盖了数学分析中的一系列资源,这些资源已经证明了它们在水文学、地质学、冰川学、气候学和能源资源优化等领域的系统识别效率。在系统工程上所经历的方法论可以被外推到任何被概念化为“复杂系统”的事物上,无论其本质如何。小波技术提供了非平稳成分的描述和宏观经济变量在频域的演化。时间序列中主要频率尺度和瞬态效应的识别,突出了多分辨率分析,这将更难以用传统的计量经济学方法来处理。对文献的审查将显示可以用这些技术解决的潜在问题,例如根据一国风险溢价的演变计算的收益预测,提取国家集群中的对称宏观经济冲击,或检测对国家对之间主权债券相互影响的短暂影响等。论文将在具体应用中达到高潮,显示小波技术在识别欧元区国家主权债券收益率演变的可能决定因素和相关性方面的力量。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the (R-)Evolution of Technological Fields -- A Semantic Network Approach 映射技术领域的(R-)演变——一种语义网络方法
Pub Date : 2014-09-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2500081
Roman Jurowetzki, D. Hain
The aim of this paper is to provide a framework and novel methodology geared towards mapping technological change in complex interdependent systems by using large amounts of unstructured data from various recent on- and offline sources. Combining techniques from the fields of natural language processing and network analysis, we are able to identify technological fields as overlapping communities of knowledge fragments. Over time persistence of these fragments allows to observe how these fields evolve into trajectories, which may change, split, merge and finally disappear. As empirical example we use the broad area of Technological Singularity, an umbrella term for different technologies ranging from neuroscience to machine learning and bioengineering, which are seen as main contributors to the development of artificial intelligence and human enhancement technologies. Using a socially enhanced search routine, we extract 1,398 documents for the years 2011-2013. Our analysis highlights the importance of generic interface that ease the recombination of technology to increase the pace of technological progress. While we can identify consistent technology fields in static document collections, more advanced ontology reconciliation is needed to be able to track a larger number of communities over time.
本文的目的是提供一个框架和新颖的方法,通过使用来自各种最近的在线和离线来源的大量非结构化数据,用于映射复杂相互依赖系统中的技术变化。结合自然语言处理和网络分析领域的技术,我们能够将技术领域识别为重叠的知识片段社区。随着时间的推移,这些碎片的持久性允许观察这些场如何演变成轨迹,这些轨迹可能会改变,分裂,合并并最终消失。作为实证例子,我们使用了广泛的技术奇点领域,这是一个涵盖从神经科学到机器学习和生物工程等不同技术的总称,这些技术被视为人工智能和人类增强技术发展的主要贡献者。使用社交增强的搜索例程,我们提取了2011-2013年的1,398个文档。我们的分析强调了通用接口的重要性,它简化了技术重组,加快了技术进步的步伐。虽然我们可以在静态文档集合中识别一致的技术领域,但是需要更高级的本体协调,以便能够跟踪大量的社区。
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引用次数: 17
Challenges in Global Financial Services 全球金融服务面临的挑战
Pub Date : 2014-01-23 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2382022
Érica Gorga, R. Romano, Natalya Shnitser
This is an edited transcript of the proceedings of the Yale Law School Center for the Study of Corporate Law’s Sullivan & Cromwell Conference on Challenges in Global Financial Services, which was held on September 20, 2013. The conference brought together policymakers, legal practitioners, members of the financial community, and academics from finance, economics and law to discuss the current challenges in the organization and regulation of global financial services. The roundtable consisted of four panel discussions. The first panel considered “Bank Capital and Liquidity Requirements.” Panelists were Stijn Claessens, Assistant Director, Research Department, International Monetary Fund; Michael H. Krimminger, Partner, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP and former General Counsel, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); Andrew Metrick, Deputy Dean for Faculty Development & Michael H. Jordan Professor of Finance and Management, Yale School of Management; and Roberta Romano, Sterling Professor of Law and Director, Yale Law School Center for the Study of Corporate Law. Ian Ayres, William K. Townsend Professor of Law, Yale Law School, moderated. The second panel addressed “Bank Transparency and the Financial Crisis.” Panelists were Robert J. Giuffra, Jr., Partner, Sullivan & Cromwell LLP; Gary B. Gorton, Frederick Frank Class of 1954 Professor of Management and Finance, Yale School of Management; Henry T. C. Hu, Allan Shivers Chair in the Law of Banking and Finance, University of Texas Law School, and former Director, Division of Risk, Strategy, and Financial Innovation, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission; and Frederick Schauer, David and Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Virginia School of Law. Donald Kohn, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution and former Vice Chairman, Federal Reserve Board, moderated. The third panel focused on the “Accountability and Structuring of Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs).” Panelists were H. Rodgin Cohen, Senior Chairman, Sullivan & Cromwell LLP; Edward J. Kane, Professor of Finance, Boston College; Andrew W. Lo, Charles E. and Susan T. Harris Professor, MIT Sloan School of Management and Director, MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering; and John F. Simonson, Deputy Director for Systemic Resolution Planning and Implementation, Office of Complex Financial Institutions, FDIC. The moderator was Henry B. Hansmann, Oscar M. Ruebhausen Professor of Law, Yale Law School. The fourth panel on “Cross-Border Resolution” had the following panelists: James W. Giddens, Chair, Corporate Reorganization and Bankruptcy Group, Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP and Liquidation Trustee, Lehman Brothers Inc. and MF Global Inc.; Seth Grosshandler, Partner, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP; Richard J. Herring, Jacob Safra Professor of International Banking & Professor of Finance, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania; and Jonathan R. Macey, Sam Harris Professor of Corporate Law, C
以下是2013年9月20日在耶鲁大学法学院公司法研究中心召开的沙利文与克伦威尔全球金融服务挑战会议的编辑记录。会议汇集了政策制定者、法律从业人员、金融界人士以及金融、经济和法律领域的学者,讨论当前全球金融服务组织和监管面临的挑战。圆桌会议由四个小组讨论组成。第一个小组讨论了“银行资本和流动性要求”。小组成员包括国际货币基金组织研究部助理主任Stijn Claessens;Michael H. Krimminger, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP合伙人,前联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)总法律顾问;耶鲁大学管理学院副院长、Michael H. Jordan金融与管理学教授Andrew Metrick;罗伯塔·罗马诺,斯特林法学教授,耶鲁大学法学院公司法研究中心主任。伊恩·艾尔斯,耶鲁大学法学院威廉·k·汤森法学教授,主持。第二个小组讨论的主题是“银行透明度与金融危机”。小组成员包括Sullivan & Cromwell LLP合伙人Robert J. Giuffra, Jr;Gary B. Gorton,耶鲁大学管理学院弗雷德里克·弗兰克1954届管理与金融学教授;Henry t.c. Hu,得克萨斯大学法学院银行和金融法Allan Shivers主席,美国证券交易委员会风险、战略和金融创新部门前主任;以及弗吉尼亚大学法学院David and Mary Harrison杰出法学教授Frederick Schauer。布鲁金斯学会高级研究员、美国联邦储备委员会前副主席唐纳德·科恩主持。第三个小组讨论的主题是“具有系统重要性的金融机构的问责制和结构”。小组成员包括:Sullivan & Cromwell LLP高级主席H. Rodgin Cohen;Edward J. Kane,波士顿学院金融学教授;罗Andrew W. Lo, Charles E. and Susan T. Harris,麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院教授,麻省理工学院金融工程实验室主任;John F. Simonson,联邦存款保险公司复杂金融机构办公室系统解决方案计划和执行副主任。主持人是耶鲁大学法学院奥斯卡·鲁勃豪森法学教授亨利·汉斯曼。第四个关于“跨境清算”的小组成员包括:James W. Giddens,公司重组和破产小组主席,Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP和清算受托人,雷曼兄弟公司和MF Global Inc.;Seth Grosshandler,佳利律师事务所合伙人;Richard J. Herring,宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院Jacob Safra国际银行及金融学教授;Jonathan R. Macey,耶鲁大学法学院山姆·哈里斯公司法、公司财务和证券法教授。该小组由耶鲁大学法学院法学副教授John D. Morley主持。注:Erica Gorga, Roberta Romano和Natalya Shnitser是本文的编辑,而不是作者。
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引用次数: 0
The Problem of Improving Financial Reporting 改进财务报告的问题
Pub Date : 2013-05-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2286821
S. Sunder
Improving financial reporting calls for achieving a fine balance between codification of accounting rules, and development of norms whose enforcement depends on judgment about shared values and expectations in society. Over the past century, financial reporting has pursued codification in excess with unfortunate consequences. Development of mathematical finance, and concomitant financial engineering makes written rules of accounting almost instantaneously obsolete through creation of new transactions and instruments. A more open system in which multiple standard setting bodies compete with one another to attract following among the preparer and user communities may help keep financial reporting useful.
改善财务报告要求在会计准则的编纂和规范的发展之间取得良好的平衡,这些规范的执行取决于对社会共同价值观和期望的判断。在过去的一个世纪里,财务报告过度追求法典化,带来了不幸的后果。数学金融的发展,以及随之而来的金融工程,通过创造新的交易和工具,使得书面的会计规则几乎在瞬间被淘汰。多个标准制定机构相互竞争以吸引编制者和使用者群体的追随者的更加开放的制度可能有助于保持财务报告的有用性。
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引用次数: 1
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