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The Impact of Social Media Use on Sleep and Mental Health in Youth: a Scoping Review. 社交媒体的使用对青少年睡眠和心理健康的影响:范围界定综述。
IF 6.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01481-9
Danny J Yu, Yun Kwok Wing, Tim M H Li, Ngan Yin Chan

Purpose of review: Social media use (SMU) and other internet-based technologies are ubiquitous in today's interconnected society, with young people being among the commonest users. Previous literature tends to support that SMU is associated with poor sleep and mental health issues in youth, despite some conflicting findings. In this scoping review, we summarized relevant studies published within the past 3 years, highlighted the impacts of SMU on sleep and mental health in youth, while also examined the possible underlying mechanisms involved. Future direction and intervention on rational use of SMU was discussed.

Recent findings: Both cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies demonstrated the negative impacts of SMU on sleep and mental health, with preliminary evidence indicating potential benefits especially during the COVID period at which social restriction was common. However, the limited longitudinal research has hindered the establishment of directionality and causality in the association among SMU, sleep, and mental health. Recent studies have made advances with a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of SMU on sleep and mental health in youth, which is of public health importance and will contribute to improving sleep and mental health outcomes while promoting rational and beneficial SMU. Future research should include the implementation of cohort studies with representative samples to investigate the directionality and causality of the complex relationships among SMU, sleep, and mental health; the use of validated questionnaires and objective measurements; and the design of randomized controlled interventional trials to reduce overall and problematic SMU that will ultimately enhance sleep and mental health outcomes in youth.

审查目的:在当今相互联系的社会中,社交媒体(SMU)和其他基于互联网的技术无处不在,而年轻人是最常见的用户之一。以往的文献倾向于支持 SMU 与青少年睡眠质量差和心理健康问题有关,尽管有些研究结果相互矛盾。在这篇范围综述中,我们总结了过去三年内发表的相关研究,强调了SMU对青少年睡眠和心理健康的影响,同时也探讨了其中可能涉及的潜在机制。我们还讨论了合理使用SMU的未来方向和干预措施:横向和纵向队列研究都表明了SMU对睡眠和心理健康的负面影响,初步证据表明SMU有潜在的益处,尤其是在COVID期间,因为在此期间社会限制很普遍。然而,有限的纵向研究阻碍了确定SMU、睡眠和心理健康之间关联的方向性和因果关系。最近的研究取得了进展,更全面地了解了SMU对青少年睡眠和心理健康的影响,这对公共卫生具有重要意义,将有助于改善睡眠和心理健康结果,同时促进合理和有益的SMU。未来的研究应包括实施具有代表性样本的队列研究,以调查SMU、睡眠和心理健康之间复杂关系的方向性和因果关系;使用经过验证的问卷和客观测量方法;以及设计随机对照干预试验,以减少整体和有问题的SMU,最终提高青少年的睡眠和心理健康成果。
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引用次数: 0
A Criminological Perspective on the Sexual Victimization of Older Adults. 从犯罪学角度看老年人的性侵害问题。
IF 6.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01482-8
Hana Georgoulis, Eric Beauregard, Julien Chopin

Purpose of review: This review presents recent research on the sexual abuse of older adults and examines this phenomenon from a criminological perspective. Much of the previous work has neglected to consider the entirety of the crime-commission process. Therefore, the work highlighted in this review showcases important information regarding the individual who committed the crime, the victim, and the criminal event as a whole.

Recent findings: Comparative studies suggest that the motivations of people who commit sexually victimize older adults are vast and can include those that are sexually and anger motivated, while the victims present with unique vulnerabilities, such as disabilities and spending most of their time at home, that make them more susceptible to excessive violence. People who commit sexual abuse against older adults are a heterogenous group, and the context of victim vulnerabilities is key to understanding why they are targeted. Specific prevention and investigative practices can be formed to better address this crime and protect older adults from future victimization.

综述的目的:本综述介绍了有关老年人性虐待的最新研究,并从犯罪学的角度探讨了这一现象。以往的许多研究工作都忽略了对整个犯罪过程的考虑。因此,本综述中强调的工作展示了有关犯罪个人、受害者和整个犯罪事件的重要信息:比较研究表明,对老年人实施性侵害的动机非常广泛,可能包括性动机和愤怒动机,而受害者则具有独特的脆弱性,如残疾和大部分时间待在家里,这使他们更容易受到过度暴力的侵害。对老年人实施性虐待的人是一个异质群体,受害者的脆弱性是了解他们为何成为目标的关键。可以形成具体的预防和调查做法,以更好地应对这种犯罪,保护老年人免受未来的伤害。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Cultural Validity of Sexual Recidivism Risk Assessments Using Static-99R, STABLE-2007, and the VRS-SO. 使用 Static-99R、STABLE-2007 和 VRS-SO 进行性累犯风险评估的跨文化有效性。
IF 6.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01480-2
L Maaike Helmus, Simran Ahmed, Seung C Lee, Mark E Olver

Purpose of review: The overrepresentation of certain racial/ethnic groups in criminal legal systems raises concerns about the cross-cultural application of risk assessment tools. We provide a framework for conceptualizing and measuring racial bias/fairness and review research for three tools assessing risk of sexual recidivism: Static-99R, STABLE-2007, and VRS-SO.

Recent findings: Most cross-cultural research examines Static-99R and generally supports its use with Black, White, Hispanic, and Asian men. Preliminary research also supports STABLE-2007 with Asian men. Findings are most concerning for Indigenous men, where Static-99R and STABLE-2007 significantly predict sexual recidivism, but with significantly and meaningfully lower accuracy compared to White men. For the VRS-SO and the combined Static-99R/STABLE-2007 risk levels, predictive accuracy was not significantly lower for Indigenous men, for which we discuss several possible explanations. We offer considerations for risk scale selection with Indigenous men and highlight recent guidance produced for cross-cultural risk assessment.

审查目的:某些种族/民族群体在刑事法律系统中的比例过高,引起了人们对风险评估工具跨文化应用的关注。我们提供了一个概念化和衡量种族偏见/公平性的框架,并回顾了三种评估性累犯风险工具的研究:最近的研究结果:大多数跨文化研究都对 Static-99R 进行了审查,并普遍支持将其用于黑人、白人、西班牙裔和亚裔男性。初步研究也支持对亚裔男性使用 STABLE-2007。对土著男性的研究结果最令人担忧,Static-99R 和 STABLE-2007 能显著预测性犯罪累犯,但与白人男性相比,准确性明显要低得多。对于 VRS-SO 和 Static-99R/STABLE-2007 组合风险等级,土著男性的预测准确性并没有明显降低,对此我们讨论了几种可能的解释。我们提出了针对土著男性选择风险量表的注意事项,并重点介绍了最近为跨文化风险评估制定的指南。
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引用次数: 0
Threat Responses in Schizophrenia: A Negative Valence Systems Framework. 精神分裂症的威胁反应:负价系统框架
IF 5.5 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01479-9
Brandee Feola, Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks, Julia M Sheffield, Stephan Heckers, Neil D Woodward, Jennifer U Blackford

Purpose of review: Emotions are prominent in theories and accounts of schizophrenia but are largely understudied compared to cognition. Utilizing the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Negative Valence Systems framework, we review the current knowledge of emotions in schizophrenia. Given the pivotal role of threat responses in theories of schizophrenia and the substantial evidence of altered threat responses, we focus on three components of Negative Valence Systems tied to threat responses: responses to acute threat, responses to potential threat, and sustained threat.

Recent findings: Individuals with schizophrenia show altered responses to neutral stimuli during acute threat, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis connectivity in response to potential threat, and threat responses associated with sustained threat. Our review concludes that Negative Valence Systems are altered in schizophrenia; however, the level and evidence of alterations vary across the types of threat responses. We suggest avenues for future research to further understand and intervene on threat responses in schizophrenia.

综述的目的:情绪在精神分裂症的理论和论述中占有重要地位,但与认知相比,情绪在很大程度上未得到充分研究。利用研究领域标准(RDoC)负效价系统框架,我们回顾了目前有关精神分裂症中情绪的知识。鉴于威胁反应在精神分裂症理论中的关键作用以及威胁反应改变的大量证据,我们将重点放在与威胁反应相关的负价值系统的三个组成部分:对急性威胁的反应、对潜在威胁的反应以及持续威胁:精神分裂症患者在急性威胁期间对中性刺激的反应、对潜在威胁的纹状体末端床核连通性以及与持续威胁相关的威胁反应都发生了改变。我们的综述得出结论,精神分裂症患者的负价系统发生了改变;然而,不同类型的威胁反应的改变程度和证据各不相同。我们为今后的研究提出了建议,以进一步了解和干预精神分裂症患者的威胁反应。
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引用次数: 0
Social Media and Youth Mental Health 社交媒体与青少年心理健康
IF 6.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01478-w

Abstract

Purpose of Review

We review recent evidence regarding the relationship between the social media (SM) habits, experiences, and the mental health of youth. We examine effects of social media use (SMU) on specific diagnoses including depression and anxiety. The relationship between psychiatric illness, specific SM experiences, and the issue of SM mental health contagion is also explored.

Recent Findings

Youth engagement in SMU has increased dramatically in recent years, concurrent with increases in prevalence of depression and anxiety. The relationship between SMU and mental illness is complex and depends on characteristics of the user (e.g., social comparison and fear of missing out (FOMO) and their SM habits and experiences (e.g., cyberbullying, and sexting,). SM engagement has distinct impacts on anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Growing evidence documents how SM may be a medium for psychiatric contagion. Research findings are largely correlational and dependent on subjective report, limiting their interpretation.

Summary

The mental health of youth is increasingly tied to their SMU, depending greatly on how youth engage with SM and resultant feedback. Future research must look to establish causality in relationships between SM and mental illness.

摘要 综述目的 我们综述了有关社交媒体(SM)习惯、经历与青少年心理健康之间关系的最新证据。我们研究了社交媒体使用(SMU)对特定诊断(包括抑郁和焦虑)的影响。此外,我们还探讨了精神病、特定的社交媒体体验以及社交媒体心理健康传染问题之间的关系。 最新研究结果 近年来,青少年参与 SMU 的人数急剧增加,与此同时,抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率也有所上升。SMU与精神疾病之间的关系很复杂,取决于用户的特点(如社会比较和害怕错过(FOMO))以及他们的SM习惯和经历(如网络欺凌和sexting)。参与 SM 对焦虑、抑郁和自杀有明显的影响。越来越多的证据表明,SM 可能是精神疾病传染的媒介。研究结果大多是相关性的,并依赖于主观报告,这限制了对研究结果的解释。 摘要 青少年的心理健康越来越多地与他们的 SMU 联系在一起,这在很大程度上取决于青少年如何参与 SM 和由此产生的反馈。未来的研究必须确定 SM 与精神疾病之间的因果关系。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Differences in Risks of Suicide and Suicidal Behaviors in the USA: A Narrative Review. 美国自杀风险和自杀行为的性别差异:叙事综述。
IF 5.5 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01473-1
Rachel F Carretta, Sherry A McKee, Taeho Greg Rhee

Purpose of review: We review recent research (2018-2023) on gender differences in suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicidal ideations and attempts, death by suicide). We examine research studies in the following areas: developmental period, substance use, and special populations (Veterans, sexual and gender minorities).

Recent findings: Novel results were found in these different areas. For example, suicide rates for female youth are increasing at a faster rate relative to male youth. Further, some evidence suggests that heavy alcohol use/binge drinking is a significant and growing risk factor for suicidal behaviors in women. Military service may be a more significant risk factor for suicidal behaviors among male Veterans compared to female Veterans. Additionally, suicide rates are rising for gender minority youth/young adults. Recent research on gender differences in suicide outcomes demonstrates findings that align with previous research, as well as new insights on this important topic.

综述目的:我们回顾了最近(2018-2023年)关于自杀行为(即自杀意念和企图、自杀死亡)的性别差异的研究。我们研究了以下领域的研究:发育期、药物使用和特殊人群(退伍军人、性少数群体和性别少数群体)。最近的发现:在这些不同领域发现了新的结果。例如,女性青年的自杀率比男性青年增长得更快。此外,一些证据表明,大量饮酒/酗酒是女性自杀行为的一个重要且日益严重的风险因素。与女性退伍军人相比,服役可能是男性退伍军人自杀行为的更重要风险因素。此外,少数性别青年/年轻人的自杀率正在上升。最近关于自杀结果性别差异的研究表明,这些发现与之前的研究一致,并对这一重要主题有了新的见解。
{"title":"Gender Differences in Risks of Suicide and Suicidal Behaviors in the USA: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Rachel F Carretta, Sherry A McKee, Taeho Greg Rhee","doi":"10.1007/s11920-023-01473-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11920-023-01473-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We review recent research (2018-2023) on gender differences in suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicidal ideations and attempts, death by suicide). We examine research studies in the following areas: developmental period, substance use, and special populations (Veterans, sexual and gender minorities).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Novel results were found in these different areas. For example, suicide rates for female youth are increasing at a faster rate relative to male youth. Further, some evidence suggests that heavy alcohol use/binge drinking is a significant and growing risk factor for suicidal behaviors in women. Military service may be a more significant risk factor for suicidal behaviors among male Veterans compared to female Veterans. Additionally, suicide rates are rising for gender minority youth/young adults. Recent research on gender differences in suicide outcomes demonstrates findings that align with previous research, as well as new insights on this important topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":11057,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychiatry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11225381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71479163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Introduction to Generative Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Care: Considerations and Guidance. 生成式人工智能在精神卫生保健中的应用:思考与指导。
IF 6.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01477-x
Darlene R King, Guransh Nanda, Joel Stoddard, Allison Dempsey, Sarah Hergert, Jay H Shore, John Torous

Purpose of review: This paper provides an overview of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and the possible implications in the delivery of mental health care.

Recent findings: Generative AI is a powerful technology that is changing rapidly. As psychiatrists, it is important for us to understand generative AI technology and how it may impact our patients and our practice of medicine. This paper aims to build this understanding by focusing on GPT-4 and its potential impact on mental health care delivery. We first introduce key concepts and terminology describing how the technology works and various novel uses of it. We then dive into key considerations for GPT-4 and other large language models (LLMs) and wrap up with suggested future directions and initial guidance to the field.

综述目的:本文概述了生成式人工智能(AI)及其在提供精神卫生保健方面可能产生的影响。最近的发现:生成式人工智能是一项正在迅速变化的强大技术。作为精神科医生,了解生成式人工智能技术以及它如何影响我们的病人和我们的医学实践对我们来说很重要。本文旨在通过关注GPT-4及其对精神卫生保健服务的潜在影响来建立这种理解。我们首先介绍关键概念和术语,描述该技术如何工作以及它的各种新用途。然后,我们深入研究了GPT-4和其他大型语言模型(llm)的关键考虑因素,并总结了建议的未来方向和对该领域的初步指导。
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引用次数: 0
Reproductive Health Among Those with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: An Overview of Considerations Related to the Premenopausal Period, Pregnancy and Postpartum, and the Menopausal Transition, with a Focus on Recent Findings. 精神分裂症谱系障碍患者的生殖健康:与绝经前、妊娠和产后以及更年期过渡相关的考虑因素综述,重点关注最近的发现。
IF 6.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01472-2
Lucy C Barker, Simone N Vigod

Purpose of review: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) impact many aspects of reproductive health for women and non-binary and transgender individuals assigned female at birth. In this narrative review, we highlight considerations and recent research related to (1) the premenopausal period, (2) pregnancy and postpartum, and (3) the menopausal transition.

Recent findings: Most recent research has focused on pregnancy and the postpartum period, and specifically on elucidating perinatal risk factors, adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes (and modifiable contributors such as smoking), long-term child health, and psychotropic medications (with reassuring results related antipsychotic-associated gestational diabetes mellitus and neurodevelopmental outcomes). Much less recent focus has been on menstruation and menopause, although some research has highlighted the relative worsening of illness peri-menstrually and peri-menopausally. Despite the many important reproductive considerations for those with SSD, many aspects including menstruation and menopause have received very little attention. Further research is needed on how to best support women, non-binary, and transgender people assigned female at birth with SSD throughout the lifespan.

综述目的:精神分裂症谱系障碍(SSD)影响女性以及出生时被分配为女性的非二元和跨性别个体的生殖健康的许多方面。在这篇叙述性综述中,我们强调了与(1)绝经前时期、(2)妊娠和产后以及(3)更年期过渡有关的考虑因素和最近的研究。最近的发现:最近的研究集中在妊娠和产后,特别是阐明围产期风险因素、不良产科和新生儿结局(以及吸烟等可改变的因素)、长期儿童健康、,和精神药物(与抗精神病药物相关的妊娠期糖尿病和神经发育结果令人放心)。最近很少关注月经和更年期,尽管一些研究强调了月经期和月经期疾病的相对恶化。尽管SSD患者有许多重要的生殖考虑因素,但包括月经和更年期在内的许多方面很少受到关注。需要进一步研究如何在女性、非二元和变性人的一生中最好地支持出生时被指定为女性的SSD。
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引用次数: 0
Presenting a Framework for Telebehavioral Health Implementation. 提出远程行为健康实施框架。
IF 6.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01470-4
Hossam Mahmoud, Hady Naal, Bridget Mitchell, Leroy Arenivar

Purpose of review: This paper presents OPTIC as a framework to guide the conceptualization and implementation of telebehavioral health (TBH) in a comprehensive, structured, and accessible manner.

Recent findings: There is a need for comprehensive frameworks for TBH implementation, yet current models and frameworks described in the literature have limitations. Many studies highlight favorable outcomes of TBH during COVID-19, along with increased adoption. However, despite the plethora of publications on general telehealth implementation, knowledge is disparate, inconsistent, not comprehensive, and not TBH-specific. The framework incorporates five components: Originating site, Patient population, Teleclinician, Information and communication technologies, and Cultural and regulatory context. These components, abbreviated using the acronym OPTIC, are discussed, with examples of implementation considerations under each component throughout the project cycle. The value and larger implications of OPTIC are discussed as a foundation for stakeholders involved with TBH, in addition to key performance indicators, and considerations for quality enhancement.

综述目的:本文提出OPTIC作为一个框架,以全面、结构化和可访问的方式指导远程行为健康(TBH)的概念化和实施。最近的研究发现:需要一个全面的TBH实施框架,但目前文献中描述的模型和框架有局限性。许多研究强调了在COVID-19期间TBH的有利结果,以及采用率的提高。然而,尽管有大量关于一般远程医疗实施的出版物,但知识是不同的、不一致的、不全面的,也不是针对tbh的。该框架包括五个组成部分:发病地点、患者群体、远程医生、信息和通信技术以及文化和监管环境。本文讨论了这些组件(缩写为OPTIC),并举例说明了在整个项目周期中每个组件下的实现考虑因素。除了关键绩效指标和提高质量的考虑外,还讨论了OPTIC的价值和更大的影响,作为参与TBH的利益相关者的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Breastfeeding and Postpartum Depression: A Review of Relationships and Potential Mechanisms. 母乳喂养与产后抑郁症:关系和潜在机制综述。
IF 6.7 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01471-3
Erin J Henshaw

Purpose of review: Postpartum depression (PPD) and breastfeeding are important, interrelated health factors. It is established that women who breastfeed exclusively have lowered likelihood of developing significant PPD. Yet, many questions remain around what factors are involved. The purpose of this review is to provide updated information about the relationship between PPD and breastfeeding.

Recent findings: Both psychological and physiological factors have emerged as important moderators and mechanisms of the relationship between postpartum depression and breastfeeding. Breastfeeding self-efficacy, self-compassion, and engagement with the infant during feeding all modify or mediate the relationship, and a complex dynamic relationship among cortisol, oxytocin, progesterone, and estrogen is involved. Importantly, recent intervention studies suggest psychosocial interventions may impact both breastfeeding and mood. Providers and researchers should recognize the interrelationship between the breastfeeding and PPD and apply this understanding to patient care through integrated education and care for both mood and breastfeeding enhancement.

综述目的:产后抑郁症(PPD)和母乳喂养是重要的、相互关联的健康因素。已经证实,纯母乳喂养的女性患严重产后抑郁症的可能性较低。然而,其中涉及哪些因素仍然存在许多问题。本综述的目的是提供PPD与母乳喂养之间关系的最新信息。最近的研究结果:心理和生理因素已成为产后抑郁症与母乳喂养之间关系的重要调节因素和机制。母乳喂养的自我效能感、自我同情和在喂养过程中与婴儿的互动都会改变或调节这种关系,皮质醇、催产素、孕酮和雌激素之间存在复杂的动态关系。重要的是,最近的干预研究表明,心理社会干预可能会影响母乳喂养和情绪。提供者和研究人员应该认识到母乳喂养和PPD之间的相互关系,并通过情绪和母乳喂养增强的综合教育和护理将这一理解应用于患者护理。
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引用次数: 0
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Current Psychiatry Reports
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