Jerin James, A. Porkodi, J. Rani, Sathyanarayanan Varadarajan
Abstract Appropriate knowledge and expertise of parenteral injection is vital in the medical field. Hence we impart training on mannequins before the students practice on patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the skill exhibited by the students in parenteral injection skills, namely intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal and subcutaneous injections. The students were assessed for step based on the pre-validated check list created for Objective Structured Practical Examination. In this study, 16 % of the students failed to check the prescription order before starting the procedure. The name and the expiry date of the drug was not checked by 22 % of the students. Hundred percent of the students sterilized their hands. Loading of drug was done properly by 80 % of the students and 88 % of the students checked for air bubbles in the syringe and removed them properly. The site for injection was not sterilized by 26 percent of the students. Tourniquet was not applied by 19 percent of the students and 28 % of the students did not hold the bevel up during insertion for intravenous route. The steps where frequent faltering happened needs to be emphasized for them to perform better in a more efficient manner during the summative assessment as well as for future practice.
{"title":"Evaluation of parenteral injection skills of medical undergraduates on mannequins in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India – A cross-sectional study","authors":"Jerin James, A. Porkodi, J. Rani, Sathyanarayanan Varadarajan","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Appropriate knowledge and expertise of parenteral injection is vital in the medical field. Hence we impart training on mannequins before the students practice on patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the skill exhibited by the students in parenteral injection skills, namely intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal and subcutaneous injections. The students were assessed for step based on the pre-validated check list created for Objective Structured Practical Examination. In this study, 16 % of the students failed to check the prescription order before starting the procedure. The name and the expiry date of the drug was not checked by 22 % of the students. Hundred percent of the students sterilized their hands. Loading of drug was done properly by 80 % of the students and 88 % of the students checked for air bubbles in the syringe and removed them properly. The site for injection was not sterilized by 26 percent of the students. Tourniquet was not applied by 19 percent of the students and 28 % of the students did not hold the bevel up during insertion for intravenous route. The steps where frequent faltering happened needs to be emphasized for them to perform better in a more efficient manner during the summative assessment as well as for future practice.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Majeed, Rayah Baban, I. Salman, Mohauman M. Alrufaie
Abstract The early stages of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are symptomless. A reliable dependable and sensitive biomarker is needed for the purpose of early identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a biomarker for early identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Patient samples were collected from the National Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah University; a case control study was done from April 2022 to November 2022, in Baghdad, Iraq. One hundred sixty individuals between 30 to 60 years-old were included. Participants were divided into three groups: group one included 40 type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy, group two consisted of 40 type 2 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy and group three included 80 apparently in good health as the control. Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Scoring System (TCSS) was used for clinical evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by the CLOVER A1c system. In addition, serum NSE levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Age, sex, and other standard variables were used as a basis for comparisons between groups. Statistically, diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy demonstrated higher level of NSE (28.42±6.93 ng/ml) than did either diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy (21.07±2.0 ng/ml) or controls (12.54±2.34 ng/ml) with a high degree of significance (p <0.001). In the context of Discrimination between DPN patients and diabetic patients without neuropathy, the area under curve for neuron-specific enolase was 0.812, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.716-0.909, p <0.001. Cut-off value of serum neuron-specific enolase was 22.53 ng/ml, sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 77%, respectively. In the context of discrimination between DPN and controls, the area under curve for neuron-specific enolase was 1.00, 95% confidence interval was 1.0-1.0, p <0.001. At a cut-off value of serum neuron-specific enolase = 18.3 ng/ml, both the sensitivity and specificity were 100%. Neuron-specific enolase could potentially be used as a biomarker to detect early diabetic peripheral neuropathy and prevent it from developing to an advanced state.
{"title":"Potential predictive biomarker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: serum neuron-specific enolase","authors":"I. Majeed, Rayah Baban, I. Salman, Mohauman M. Alrufaie","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The early stages of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are symptomless. A reliable dependable and sensitive biomarker is needed for the purpose of early identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a biomarker for early identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Patient samples were collected from the National Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah University; a case control study was done from April 2022 to November 2022, in Baghdad, Iraq. One hundred sixty individuals between 30 to 60 years-old were included. Participants were divided into three groups: group one included 40 type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy, group two consisted of 40 type 2 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy and group three included 80 apparently in good health as the control. Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Scoring System (TCSS) was used for clinical evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by the CLOVER A1c system. In addition, serum NSE levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Age, sex, and other standard variables were used as a basis for comparisons between groups. Statistically, diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy demonstrated higher level of NSE (28.42±6.93 ng/ml) than did either diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy (21.07±2.0 ng/ml) or controls (12.54±2.34 ng/ml) with a high degree of significance (p <0.001). In the context of Discrimination between DPN patients and diabetic patients without neuropathy, the area under curve for neuron-specific enolase was 0.812, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.716-0.909, p <0.001. Cut-off value of serum neuron-specific enolase was 22.53 ng/ml, sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 77%, respectively. In the context of discrimination between DPN and controls, the area under curve for neuron-specific enolase was 1.00, 95% confidence interval was 1.0-1.0, p <0.001. At a cut-off value of serum neuron-specific enolase = 18.3 ng/ml, both the sensitivity and specificity were 100%. Neuron-specific enolase could potentially be used as a biomarker to detect early diabetic peripheral neuropathy and prevent it from developing to an advanced state.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"44 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Propolis has been reported to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of propolis on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty-five adult mice were randomly divided into five groups of five. The normal group received distilled water; positive control group was given CCl4 at 2.8 mL/kg BW orally, other groups were given the same dose of CCl4, followed by oral propolis at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW, respectively, for 14 days. On the 15th day, the mice were sacrificed for the measurements of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, and albumin, as well as examination of liver histology. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and, subsequently, by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results demonstrated that propolis had a hepatoprotective effect as shown by significant improvement of the biochemical parameters (p <0.05), which was confirmed by the liver histological analytical results. The most potent hepatoprotective effect was found after the dose of 100 mg/kg BW.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective effect of Indonesian propolis from Apis mellifera in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury in mice","authors":"Dian Ayu Juwita, A. Ahmadin, Rahmad Abdillah, Fitri Rachmaini, Sherly Veronica","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Propolis has been reported to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of propolis on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty-five adult mice were randomly divided into five groups of five. The normal group received distilled water; positive control group was given CCl4 at 2.8 mL/kg BW orally, other groups were given the same dose of CCl4, followed by oral propolis at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW, respectively, for 14 days. On the 15th day, the mice were sacrificed for the measurements of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, and albumin, as well as examination of liver histology. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and, subsequently, by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results demonstrated that propolis had a hepatoprotective effect as shown by significant improvement of the biochemical parameters (p <0.05), which was confirmed by the liver histological analytical results. The most potent hepatoprotective effect was found after the dose of 100 mg/kg BW.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Combrzyński, B. Biernacka, A. Wójtowicz, Maciej Bąkowski, M. Mitrus, Karolina A. Wojtunik‐Kulesza, A. Oniszczuk, Renata Różyło
Abstract The therapeutic potential of broccoli has been highlighted by its function in the prevention of cancer, diabetes and other diseases. As a result, there is a great deal of interest in creating innovative functional foods supplemented with broccoli. In the extrusion-cooking process, raw materials based on potato mixes with the addition of fresh broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var italica, Brassicaceae) were used to create new generation extruded snack pellets. A prototype single screw extruder-cooker with L/D=20 was utilized, and various processing conditions (screw speed 60 and 100 rpm, as well as either 32 and 36% levels of initial moisture content) were applied. Mixtures of 10% and 30% fresh broccoli contents were investigated. The final snack pellets obtained under such processing conditions were determined for their antioxidant potential, polyphenols, proximate composition and fatty acids profile. We found that in the presence of fresh broccoli in blends, higher screw speed and higher moisture content allowed obtaining (in most samples) a higher polyphenal content in the resulting pellets. Over all, the antioxidant potential of snack pellets increased with the addition of fresh broccoli. Pellets with 30% addition of the broccoli processed at screw speed 100 rpm at moisture content of 32% displayed the highest total polyphenols content and highest antioxidant activity. Moreover, such samples demonstrated notable increase in the content of total protein, crude ash, as well as MUFA and PUFA in the total amount of fatty acids.
{"title":"Antioxidant potential and chemical composition of new generation extruded snack pellets supplemented with fresh broccoli addition","authors":"M. Combrzyński, B. Biernacka, A. Wójtowicz, Maciej Bąkowski, M. Mitrus, Karolina A. Wojtunik‐Kulesza, A. Oniszczuk, Renata Różyło","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The therapeutic potential of broccoli has been highlighted by its function in the prevention of cancer, diabetes and other diseases. As a result, there is a great deal of interest in creating innovative functional foods supplemented with broccoli. In the extrusion-cooking process, raw materials based on potato mixes with the addition of fresh broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var italica, Brassicaceae) were used to create new generation extruded snack pellets. A prototype single screw extruder-cooker with L/D=20 was utilized, and various processing conditions (screw speed 60 and 100 rpm, as well as either 32 and 36% levels of initial moisture content) were applied. Mixtures of 10% and 30% fresh broccoli contents were investigated. The final snack pellets obtained under such processing conditions were determined for their antioxidant potential, polyphenols, proximate composition and fatty acids profile. We found that in the presence of fresh broccoli in blends, higher screw speed and higher moisture content allowed obtaining (in most samples) a higher polyphenal content in the resulting pellets. Over all, the antioxidant potential of snack pellets increased with the addition of fresh broccoli. Pellets with 30% addition of the broccoli processed at screw speed 100 rpm at moisture content of 32% displayed the highest total polyphenols content and highest antioxidant activity. Moreover, such samples demonstrated notable increase in the content of total protein, crude ash, as well as MUFA and PUFA in the total amount of fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Zdzieblo, Anna Biernasiuk, P. Helon, Anna Malm
Abstract Urinary tract infections are caused mostly by uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. The aim of this paper was to assess the activity of fosfomycin in vitro against 74 E. coli strains isolated from urine samples of outpatients with acute cystitis. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the recommended method of serial drug dilution in Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with glucose-6-phosphate (25 mg/L). The estimated MIC values were in the range of 1-32 mg/L. The prevalence of fosfomycin-sensitive strains was 45.9%, while that of fosfomycin-resistant strains – 54.1%. The time-kill assay was performed for a chosen clinical strain (MIC = 1 mg/L) in Mueller-Hinton broth also supplemented with glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of various concentrations of fosfomycin (0.5-64 mg/L). The bacterial population density was expressed as log CFU (colony forming units)/mL. The decrease of the bacterial population viability after 6h incubation was found with ∆log CFU/mL = 1.05-5.02, depending on fosfomycin concentration. However, bactericidal effect of this antibiotic (∆log CFU/mL >3) was observed only at the highest concentrations (32-64 mg/L). Moreover, after prolonged incubation (24 h), the re-growth of bacterial population revealed as the increase of its viability (∆log CFU/mL = 1.03-3.03) was observed at fosfomycin concentration in the range 0.5-32 mg/L, but not at 64 mg/L. This phenomenon may be due the presence of subpopulations of spontaneous mutants sensitive only to higher concentrations of this antibiotic comparing to MIC. The presented data confirm a need to monitor the sensitivity of uropathogenic E. coli strains to fosfomycin.
{"title":"Fosfomycin activity in vitro against Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine specimens","authors":"Magdalena Zdzieblo, Anna Biernasiuk, P. Helon, Anna Malm","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urinary tract infections are caused mostly by uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. The aim of this paper was to assess the activity of fosfomycin in vitro against 74 E. coli strains isolated from urine samples of outpatients with acute cystitis. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the recommended method of serial drug dilution in Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with glucose-6-phosphate (25 mg/L). The estimated MIC values were in the range of 1-32 mg/L. The prevalence of fosfomycin-sensitive strains was 45.9%, while that of fosfomycin-resistant strains – 54.1%. The time-kill assay was performed for a chosen clinical strain (MIC = 1 mg/L) in Mueller-Hinton broth also supplemented with glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of various concentrations of fosfomycin (0.5-64 mg/L). The bacterial population density was expressed as log CFU (colony forming units)/mL. The decrease of the bacterial population viability after 6h incubation was found with ∆log CFU/mL = 1.05-5.02, depending on fosfomycin concentration. However, bactericidal effect of this antibiotic (∆log CFU/mL >3) was observed only at the highest concentrations (32-64 mg/L). Moreover, after prolonged incubation (24 h), the re-growth of bacterial population revealed as the increase of its viability (∆log CFU/mL = 1.03-3.03) was observed at fosfomycin concentration in the range 0.5-32 mg/L, but not at 64 mg/L. This phenomenon may be due the presence of subpopulations of spontaneous mutants sensitive only to higher concentrations of this antibiotic comparing to MIC. The presented data confirm a need to monitor the sensitivity of uropathogenic E. coli strains to fosfomycin.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"342 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a neuromodulatory peptide that regulates the carbohydrate metabolism. It can cross the blood-brain barrier, and, indeed, while mostly produced in the distal small intestine and colon, it is also synthesized in the nucleus of the solitary tract of the brain stem. The wide distribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors in the different areas of the brain is responsible for the pleiotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the central nervous system. Notably, the peptide plays important roles in regulating food intake, in memory functioning, as well as in neuroprotective processes and emotions. This makes it an important tool in the treatment of many central nervous system related abnormalities, such as neurodegenerative diseases, addictions and neuropsychiatric disorders.
{"title":"New perspectives on the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 in diseases of the central nervous system","authors":"M. Lupina, J. Listos","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a neuromodulatory peptide that regulates the carbohydrate metabolism. It can cross the blood-brain barrier, and, indeed, while mostly produced in the distal small intestine and colon, it is also synthesized in the nucleus of the solitary tract of the brain stem. The wide distribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors in the different areas of the brain is responsible for the pleiotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the central nervous system. Notably, the peptide plays important roles in regulating food intake, in memory functioning, as well as in neuroprotective processes and emotions. This makes it an important tool in the treatment of many central nervous system related abnormalities, such as neurodegenerative diseases, addictions and neuropsychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Diabetes patients are more prone to acute kidney injury (AKI). Endopeptidases known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cause extracellular matrix destruction and are responsible for ischemic organ damage. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects almost one third of all diabetic patients. MMP-2 and MMP-9 lead to the breakdown of the basement membrane of the glomeruli and thereby the advancement of ischemic injury in diabetes. In addition, histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC-2) is the primary regulator of important signalling processes in the diabetic kidney. A possible treatment approach for diabetic kidney preservation is the flavonoid luteolin (LT), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Our aim was to investigate the renoprotective potential of LT in diabetes by modulating MMP-2, MMP-9 and HDAC-2 activity. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and HDAC-2 were statistically higher in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat renal homogenate after renal ischemic reperfusion injury. These changes were reversed with 2 weeks of pre-treatment with LT (50 mg/kg po). In diabetic rats, pre-treatment with LT significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis compared to control animals. Preventive LT prior to renal ischemia showed improvement in body weight, kidney weight/body weight ratio, reversal of renal injury and biochemical changes with lower activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), hydroxyproline (HP), pathological damage and fibrosis in renal tissue. Our data imply that LT prevents DN in rats by inhibiting MMP-2, MMP-9 and HDAC-2 expression, as well as by lowering the indices of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory factors and fibrosis.
{"title":"Luteolin alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by inhibiting metalloenzymes expression","authors":"Rakesh B. Daude, Jigna S. Shah","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diabetes patients are more prone to acute kidney injury (AKI). Endopeptidases known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cause extracellular matrix destruction and are responsible for ischemic organ damage. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects almost one third of all diabetic patients. MMP-2 and MMP-9 lead to the breakdown of the basement membrane of the glomeruli and thereby the advancement of ischemic injury in diabetes. In addition, histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC-2) is the primary regulator of important signalling processes in the diabetic kidney. A possible treatment approach for diabetic kidney preservation is the flavonoid luteolin (LT), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Our aim was to investigate the renoprotective potential of LT in diabetes by modulating MMP-2, MMP-9 and HDAC-2 activity. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and HDAC-2 were statistically higher in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat renal homogenate after renal ischemic reperfusion injury. These changes were reversed with 2 weeks of pre-treatment with LT (50 mg/kg po). In diabetic rats, pre-treatment with LT significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis compared to control animals. Preventive LT prior to renal ischemia showed improvement in body weight, kidney weight/body weight ratio, reversal of renal injury and biochemical changes with lower activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), hydroxyproline (HP), pathological damage and fibrosis in renal tissue. Our data imply that LT prevents DN in rats by inhibiting MMP-2, MMP-9 and HDAC-2 expression, as well as by lowering the indices of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory factors and fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"108 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksander Michalski, Magdalena Goralczyk, Michal Brzozowski, J. Dworzański, B. Drop, Ewa Stepien, M. Polz-Dacewicz
Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains an important public health problem in both developing and developed countries. In addition, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has revealed furthel risks for diabetes patients in terms of symptoms and disease progression. Higher mortality and morbidity are related to the complexity of the pathology of this chronic underlying disease, which negatively affects the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The humoral response plays an important role in the eradication of the virus; thus, it was analyzed in vaccinated diabetics who underwent COVID-19, as well as in the control group. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and level of IgG antibodies raised against the nucleocapsid protein (NCP), S1 subunit receptor binding domain (RBD) and subunit Spike 2 (S2) subunit of the virus’s S protein using the Microblot Array test. The results demonstrated significantly lower prevalence and titers of anti-SARS antibodies in diabetic patients compared to the control group. In addition, antibody titers were negatively related to the duration of this chronic disease, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities and HbA1c concentration. Further research is needed to develop the best strategy for specific prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetic patients.
{"title":"Humoral response after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","authors":"Aleksander Michalski, Magdalena Goralczyk, Michal Brzozowski, J. Dworzański, B. Drop, Ewa Stepien, M. Polz-Dacewicz","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains an important public health problem in both developing and developed countries. In addition, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has revealed furthel risks for diabetes patients in terms of symptoms and disease progression. Higher mortality and morbidity are related to the complexity of the pathology of this chronic underlying disease, which negatively affects the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The humoral response plays an important role in the eradication of the virus; thus, it was analyzed in vaccinated diabetics who underwent COVID-19, as well as in the control group. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and level of IgG antibodies raised against the nucleocapsid protein (NCP), S1 subunit receptor binding domain (RBD) and subunit Spike 2 (S2) subunit of the virus’s S protein using the Microblot Array test. The results demonstrated significantly lower prevalence and titers of anti-SARS antibodies in diabetic patients compared to the control group. In addition, antibody titers were negatively related to the duration of this chronic disease, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities and HbA1c concentration. Further research is needed to develop the best strategy for specific prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"52 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Maslov, M. Komisarenko, Sergii Kolisnyk, T. Kostina, M. Golik, V. Moroz, Daryna Tarasenko, E. Akhmedov
Abstract The study has the intent of exploring the dynamics of biologically active substance (BAS) extractions from red raspberry (R. idaeus) shoots in order to determine the appropriate extraction frequency. A secondary objective is to assess the relationship between extract antioxidant activity and BAS content. The focus of the study revolved around R. idaeus shoots, and the spectrophotometric method of analysis was applied to determine the amount of the catechins, polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives and flavonoids, while the gravimetric method was used to determine the dry residue of the extracts and the potentiometric method applied for evaluating antioxidant activity. The polyphenols amount was 1.74±0.03, 0.58±0.01 and 0.016±0.005%, catechins – 1.50±0.02, 0.50±0.01 and 0.11±0.01%, flavonoids – 0.08±0.005, 0.046±0.005 and 0.016±0.002%, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives – 0.24±0.005, 0.078±0.005 and 0.017±0.002%, organic acids – 0.15±0.005, 0.05±0.005 and 0.01±0.002, dry residue – 2.14±0.005, 0.72±0.01 and 0.16±0.005%, antioxidant activity – 94.80±1.90, 47.40±0.95 and 7.90±0.16 mM-eqv./m for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd extraction, respectively. The optimal extraction frequency of raspberry shoots with distilled water was two times. The highest value of Peasorn`s correlation coefficient was between the antioxidant activity and catechins (r = 0.9813) and the lowest in the case of organic acids (r=0.9112). The appropriate extraction frequency of R. idaeus shoots with distilled water was two times. The antioxidant method of determination extraction frequency was not inferior to the traditional method. The catechins dominated in the extracts from R. idaeus shoots. A significant positive correlation was content of catechins and antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Investigation of the extraction dynamic of the biologically active substances of the raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) shoots","authors":"O. Maslov, M. Komisarenko, Sergii Kolisnyk, T. Kostina, M. Golik, V. Moroz, Daryna Tarasenko, E. Akhmedov","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study has the intent of exploring the dynamics of biologically active substance (BAS) extractions from red raspberry (R. idaeus) shoots in order to determine the appropriate extraction frequency. A secondary objective is to assess the relationship between extract antioxidant activity and BAS content. The focus of the study revolved around R. idaeus shoots, and the spectrophotometric method of analysis was applied to determine the amount of the catechins, polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives and flavonoids, while the gravimetric method was used to determine the dry residue of the extracts and the potentiometric method applied for evaluating antioxidant activity. The polyphenols amount was 1.74±0.03, 0.58±0.01 and 0.016±0.005%, catechins – 1.50±0.02, 0.50±0.01 and 0.11±0.01%, flavonoids – 0.08±0.005, 0.046±0.005 and 0.016±0.002%, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives – 0.24±0.005, 0.078±0.005 and 0.017±0.002%, organic acids – 0.15±0.005, 0.05±0.005 and 0.01±0.002, dry residue – 2.14±0.005, 0.72±0.01 and 0.16±0.005%, antioxidant activity – 94.80±1.90, 47.40±0.95 and 7.90±0.16 mM-eqv./m for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd extraction, respectively. The optimal extraction frequency of raspberry shoots with distilled water was two times. The highest value of Peasorn`s correlation coefficient was between the antioxidant activity and catechins (r = 0.9813) and the lowest in the case of organic acids (r=0.9112). The appropriate extraction frequency of R. idaeus shoots with distilled water was two times. The antioxidant method of determination extraction frequency was not inferior to the traditional method. The catechins dominated in the extracts from R. idaeus shoots. A significant positive correlation was content of catechins and antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"25 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylwia Andrzejczuk, Joanna Frend, Malgorzata Tomczak, Julia Cwiklak, Natalia Krakowiak, Magdalena Maciocha, Dorota Pietras-Ozga, Dominik Franciszek Dluski
Abstract The upper respiratory tract, including the nasopharynx, is inhabited by many microbial species. Still, the nasopharyngeal microbiota (or microbiome) of pregnant women is not well understood and may be influenced by a number of factors, including place of residence. Many changes occur during pregnancy, and their association with the respiratory microbiota is important for the health of the mother and for the developing fetus. The aim of this study was to compare the colonisation of the nasopharyngeal cavity by culturable aerobic bacteria in the microbiota of women with a physiological pregnancy course according to rural or urban place of residence. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 37 pregnant women (17 from rural and 20 from urban areas) to detect the colonisation of aerobically growing culturable bacteria. Isolates were identified using microbiological culture methods and the MALDI-TOF MS technique. Bacteria were colonisers of the nasopharynx cavity in all cases tested. Accordingly, 97.3% (36/37) of the pregnant women were colonised by Gram-positive bacteria, mainly coagulase-negative (CoNS) and -positive (CoPS) Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. in both the rural and urban groups. Gram-negative Klebsiella variicola , Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas congelans colonised only 17.6% (3/17) of rural women and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia only 5.0% (1/20) of the urban women. To summarise, all pregnant women were colonised with bacteria in the nasopharyngeal cavity. The majority from both rural and urban residences were colonised with Gram-positive bacteria only. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated mainly from samples in the rural group.
{"title":"Prevalence of aerobically growing opportunistic bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microbiota of pregnant women living in rural and urban areas","authors":"Sylwia Andrzejczuk, Joanna Frend, Malgorzata Tomczak, Julia Cwiklak, Natalia Krakowiak, Magdalena Maciocha, Dorota Pietras-Ozga, Dominik Franciszek Dluski","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The upper respiratory tract, including the nasopharynx, is inhabited by many microbial species. Still, the nasopharyngeal microbiota (or microbiome) of pregnant women is not well understood and may be influenced by a number of factors, including place of residence. Many changes occur during pregnancy, and their association with the respiratory microbiota is important for the health of the mother and for the developing fetus. The aim of this study was to compare the colonisation of the nasopharyngeal cavity by culturable aerobic bacteria in the microbiota of women with a physiological pregnancy course according to rural or urban place of residence. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 37 pregnant women (17 from rural and 20 from urban areas) to detect the colonisation of aerobically growing culturable bacteria. Isolates were identified using microbiological culture methods and the MALDI-TOF MS technique. Bacteria were colonisers of the nasopharynx cavity in all cases tested. Accordingly, 97.3% (36/37) of the pregnant women were colonised by Gram-positive bacteria, mainly coagulase-negative (CoNS) and -positive (CoPS) Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. in both the rural and urban groups. Gram-negative Klebsiella variicola , Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas congelans colonised only 17.6% (3/17) of rural women and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia only 5.0% (1/20) of the urban women. To summarise, all pregnant women were colonised with bacteria in the nasopharyngeal cavity. The majority from both rural and urban residences were colonised with Gram-positive bacteria only. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated mainly from samples in the rural group.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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