D. Damayanti, Zuriyati Bawirza, Taufik Hidayat, S. Wardoyo
Abstract Anemia is a health problem related to the extensive presence of a variety of noncommunicable diseases in developing countries. Indeed, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia in women of childbearing age (aged 15-49 years) in 2019 was around 29.9%; in West Kalimantan in 2018, it was 23.8%. The rate of anemia in young women can be overcome by increasing hemoglobin levels. One approach is to enhance the consumption of dragon fruit or date palm juice which can increase hemoglobin levels. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of giving a combination of Fe tablets and dragon fruit or a combination of Fe tablets with date palm juice on hemoglobin levels in anemic adolescent girls. The design of this study was a True Experiment with pre-test and post-test control groups. Research respondents were anemic adolescent girls, a total of 32 people, with 16 in each group. With regard to the hemoglobin levels before and after administration of Fe tablets and dragon fruit, based on the paired t-test, the mean difference was 4.32 g/dl, with P-Value = 0.000. Thus, there is effectiveness in this intervention group. In the combination group of Fe tablets and date palm juice, the mean difference was 3.062 g/dl. P-Value = 0.001 (P<0.05). Hence, there is effectiveness in enhancing hemoglobin levels in this intervention group. Applying an independent t-test to determine the difference in the effectiveness of the two interventions revealed a P-value = 0.054, meaning that there was no significant difference between the two interventions in increasing hemoglobin levels.
{"title":"Combinations of Fe tablets and dragon fruit and combinations of Fe tablets and date straw on increasing hemoglobin levels in adolescent women with anemia","authors":"D. Damayanti, Zuriyati Bawirza, Taufik Hidayat, S. Wardoyo","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anemia is a health problem related to the extensive presence of a variety of noncommunicable diseases in developing countries. Indeed, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia in women of childbearing age (aged 15-49 years) in 2019 was around 29.9%; in West Kalimantan in 2018, it was 23.8%. The rate of anemia in young women can be overcome by increasing hemoglobin levels. One approach is to enhance the consumption of dragon fruit or date palm juice which can increase hemoglobin levels. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of giving a combination of Fe tablets and dragon fruit or a combination of Fe tablets with date palm juice on hemoglobin levels in anemic adolescent girls. The design of this study was a True Experiment with pre-test and post-test control groups. Research respondents were anemic adolescent girls, a total of 32 people, with 16 in each group. With regard to the hemoglobin levels before and after administration of Fe tablets and dragon fruit, based on the paired t-test, the mean difference was 4.32 g/dl, with P-Value = 0.000. Thus, there is effectiveness in this intervention group. In the combination group of Fe tablets and date palm juice, the mean difference was 3.062 g/dl. P-Value = 0.001 (P<0.05). Hence, there is effectiveness in enhancing hemoglobin levels in this intervention group. Applying an independent t-test to determine the difference in the effectiveness of the two interventions revealed a P-value = 0.054, meaning that there was no significant difference between the two interventions in increasing hemoglobin levels.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"77 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42567579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Depression is one of the greatest current mental disorders. Depressive disorder may affect everyone and it causes difficulties in social functioning and may lead to death via suicide. Depression is a serious problem because number of its cases is increasing, especially after pandemic of COVID-19. The oldest and the most approved theory which explains mechanism of depression’s development is a monoamine hypothesis. Effectiveness of most antidepressant drugs based on this theory. It assumes that the typical symptoms of depression are results of changed concentration of monoamines or incorrect monoaminergic transmission. The aim of this article is to present drugs which have influence on level of biogenic amines and are used in treatment of depressive disorders. Some of those drugs are the first choice in cure of this disease. In spite of adverse effects and often delayed onset of action of pharmacotherapy, it is still the first line in treatment of depression.
{"title":"The monoamine theory of depression as a target to effective pharmacotherapy","authors":"Tomasz Karabin, G. Biała, M. Kruk-Slomka","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Depression is one of the greatest current mental disorders. Depressive disorder may affect everyone and it causes difficulties in social functioning and may lead to death via suicide. Depression is a serious problem because number of its cases is increasing, especially after pandemic of COVID-19. The oldest and the most approved theory which explains mechanism of depression’s development is a monoamine hypothesis. Effectiveness of most antidepressant drugs based on this theory. It assumes that the typical symptoms of depression are results of changed concentration of monoamines or incorrect monoaminergic transmission. The aim of this article is to present drugs which have influence on level of biogenic amines and are used in treatment of depressive disorders. Some of those drugs are the first choice in cure of this disease. In spite of adverse effects and often delayed onset of action of pharmacotherapy, it is still the first line in treatment of depression.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"108 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41667900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Aloke, C. Egwu, Oluwasola Abayomi Adelusi, Nnamdi Chinaka, S. Kanu, Peace Nzubuchukwu Ogbodo, B. Akumadu, Ikechukwu Achilonu
Abstract The rising burden of Diabetes mellitus (DM) globally and particularly in sub-Sahara Africa calls for alternative treatment solutions. This is because the currently available drugs for its management are limited due to undesirable adverse effects and high cost. Thus, this review explores diabetes and summarizes its treatment options, focusing mainly on medicinal plants therapy. Information on twenty-five selected medicinal plants from sub-Sahara Africa having hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic potentials was obtained via electronic search of major databases, such as Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and web of science. Predominant bioactive compounds found in these plants include tannins, carpaine, terpenoids, hexadecenoic acid, luteolin, saponins, glycosides, rutin, quercetin, vindoline and kaempferol. Robust evidence indicates that these medicinal plants and their bioactive components exert their antidiabetic potentials via different mechanisms, including: regeneration of pancreatic β-cell and insulin secretion; inhibition of α-amylase, inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption and liver glucose production; antioxidative stress; limitation of glycogen degradation and gluconeogenesis; anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory. DM imposes a tremendous burden in the region, and its prevalence is not abating; thus the rich flora of the region with known hypoglycemic and antidiabetic efficacy could be explored as a complementary therapy in its management.
{"title":"Medicinal plants: A promising source of anti-diabetic agents in sub-Sahara Africa","authors":"C. Aloke, C. Egwu, Oluwasola Abayomi Adelusi, Nnamdi Chinaka, S. Kanu, Peace Nzubuchukwu Ogbodo, B. Akumadu, Ikechukwu Achilonu","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rising burden of Diabetes mellitus (DM) globally and particularly in sub-Sahara Africa calls for alternative treatment solutions. This is because the currently available drugs for its management are limited due to undesirable adverse effects and high cost. Thus, this review explores diabetes and summarizes its treatment options, focusing mainly on medicinal plants therapy. Information on twenty-five selected medicinal plants from sub-Sahara Africa having hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic potentials was obtained via electronic search of major databases, such as Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and web of science. Predominant bioactive compounds found in these plants include tannins, carpaine, terpenoids, hexadecenoic acid, luteolin, saponins, glycosides, rutin, quercetin, vindoline and kaempferol. Robust evidence indicates that these medicinal plants and their bioactive components exert their antidiabetic potentials via different mechanisms, including: regeneration of pancreatic β-cell and insulin secretion; inhibition of α-amylase, inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption and liver glucose production; antioxidative stress; limitation of glycogen degradation and gluconeogenesis; anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory. DM imposes a tremendous burden in the region, and its prevalence is not abating; thus the rich flora of the region with known hypoglycemic and antidiabetic efficacy could be explored as a complementary therapy in its management.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"65 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a serious neurological disease, the actual worldwide prevalence of which is estimated to be 2,8 million people (35,9 per 100,000). During the course of MS, various neurological symptoms and its complications result in raising patient disability, which range from skeletal muscles impairment, to losses in cognitive functions. Achieving control over course of MS progression appears to be crucial in its treatment. This enforces the need for recognizing novel predictive factors so as to allow prognosis of future remissions and/or progressions. Adiponectin, hormone secreted by adipose tissue, currently is considered as a possible candidate for such a biomarker. The aim of this review is to summarise present knowledge and to assess possible clinical usage. According to collected data, adiponectin measurements in serum and cerebrospinal fluid appear to provide plausible and useful biomarkers in predicting the course of MS. Further studies are, however, needed, especially using non-invasive, but promising sources such as saliva.
{"title":"Adiponectin as a novel predictive biomarker of multiple sclerosis course","authors":"J. Gałązka, A. Polak, B. Matyjaszek-Matuszek","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a serious neurological disease, the actual worldwide prevalence of which is estimated to be 2,8 million people (35,9 per 100,000). During the course of MS, various neurological symptoms and its complications result in raising patient disability, which range from skeletal muscles impairment, to losses in cognitive functions. Achieving control over course of MS progression appears to be crucial in its treatment. This enforces the need for recognizing novel predictive factors so as to allow prognosis of future remissions and/or progressions. Adiponectin, hormone secreted by adipose tissue, currently is considered as a possible candidate for such a biomarker. The aim of this review is to summarise present knowledge and to assess possible clinical usage. According to collected data, adiponectin measurements in serum and cerebrospinal fluid appear to provide plausible and useful biomarkers in predicting the course of MS. Further studies are, however, needed, especially using non-invasive, but promising sources such as saliva.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"99 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45060282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this work, analysis of some drugs used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (sulpiride, olanzapine, carbamazepine, trazodone, clomipramine, and pridinol) was achieved through micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The effect of surfactant (sodium dodecylsulphate), acetonitrile, and buffer pH and concentration on the solute retention was also investigated. Successful separation of all compound mixtures was obtained. The method was applied for the quantitative analysis of investigated compounds, and the LOD and LOQ were determined. The LOD values were in the range from 0.0127 mg/mL for clomipramine, to 0.1398 mg/mL for pridinol, while LOQ were in the range 0.0384 mg/mL for clomipramine, to 0.4237 for pridinol. The mode was also applied for the determination of investigated solutes in pharmaceutical prescriptions.
{"title":"Determination of some drugs used against neurodegenerative disorders by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with running buffer containing SDS","authors":"Adam Traczuk, Kamila Jaglinska, Beata Polak","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, analysis of some drugs used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (sulpiride, olanzapine, carbamazepine, trazodone, clomipramine, and pridinol) was achieved through micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The effect of surfactant (sodium dodecylsulphate), acetonitrile, and buffer pH and concentration on the solute retention was also investigated. Successful separation of all compound mixtures was obtained. The method was applied for the quantitative analysis of investigated compounds, and the LOD and LOQ were determined. The LOD values were in the range from 0.0127 mg/mL for clomipramine, to 0.1398 mg/mL for pridinol, while LOQ were in the range 0.0384 mg/mL for clomipramine, to 0.4237 for pridinol. The mode was also applied for the determination of investigated solutes in pharmaceutical prescriptions.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"121 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49117217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A sensitive and accurate high performance liquid chromatography method utilizing ultraviolet/visible light detection (HPLC-UV) for the quantification of Ribociclib in Spiked Human Plasma by HPLC-UV was developed and validated. Ribociclib (RCB) and the internal standard (IS), Trifluridine, were first extracted from plasma samples by a simple Protein Precipitation extraction using Acetonitrile. Plasma concentration of RCB and internal standard were then analyzed by applying reversed phase chromatography using Orochem orosil C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μ) and elution with a isocratic mobile phase consisting of 10 mM phosphate buffer – Acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) adjusted to pH 3.0 at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection of RCB and the IS was subsequently done at a wavelength of 260 nm. The limit of quantification was 10 ng/ml. The calibration curve was linear (R2>0.998) over the concentration range of 10-1000 ng/ml. For human plasma, the accuracy and precision were within ±15% and ≤15%, respectively, for all concentrations, except for the lower limit of quantification, where they were within ≤20%.
摘要:建立了一种高效液相色谱紫外/可见光检测(HPLC-UV)定量加标人血浆中核糖西尼(Ribociclib)的方法。首先用乙腈进行简单的蛋白沉淀萃取，从血浆样品中提取核糖环尼(RCB)和内标物Trifluridine。采用Orochem orosil C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μ)反相色谱法分析血浆中RCB和内标物的浓度，以10 mm磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈(60:40,v/v)为等温流动相，流速为1.0 ml/min，洗脱至pH 3.0。随后在260 nm波长下对RCB和IS进行检测。定量限为10 ng/ml。在10 ~ 1000 ng/ml的浓度范围内，校准曲线呈线性(R2>0.998)。对于人血浆，除定量下限在≤20%以内外，所有浓度的准确度和精密度分别在±15%和≤15%以内。
{"title":"Development and validation of a new bioanalytical method for quantification of CDK4/6 inhibitor in Spiked Human Plasma by HPLC-UV","authors":"Rakesh U. Shelke, Dinesh D. Rishipathak","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A sensitive and accurate high performance liquid chromatography method utilizing ultraviolet/visible light detection (HPLC-UV) for the quantification of Ribociclib in Spiked Human Plasma by HPLC-UV was developed and validated. Ribociclib (RCB) and the internal standard (IS), Trifluridine, were first extracted from plasma samples by a simple Protein Precipitation extraction using Acetonitrile. Plasma concentration of RCB and internal standard were then analyzed by applying reversed phase chromatography using Orochem orosil C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μ) and elution with a isocratic mobile phase consisting of 10 mM phosphate buffer – Acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) adjusted to pH 3.0 at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection of RCB and the IS was subsequently done at a wavelength of 260 nm. The limit of quantification was 10 ng/ml. The calibration curve was linear (R2>0.998) over the concentration range of 10-1000 ng/ml. For human plasma, the accuracy and precision were within ±15% and ≤15%, respectively, for all concentrations, except for the lower limit of quantification, where they were within ≤20%.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"81 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46619730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Bielecka-Papierz, E. Poleszak, A. Szopa, J. Listos, Jolanta Orzelska-Górka, Małgorzata Jakóbczuk, Kamila Baluk, S. Talarek, A. Serefko
Abstract The tendency of a psychostimulant to increase locomotion in rodents is considered to be associated with its addictive properties. Mephedrone, one of the most popular psychoactive substances used recreationally, is known to enhance locomotor activity in mice, but little is known about the potential development of tolerance to its central effects. In the present study, we decided to evaluate the possible involvement of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. Experiments were performed on adult male Albino Swiss mice, and the locomotor activity was measured automatically. Our work indicated that a 5-day administration of L-NAME (25 or 50 mg/kg/day), methylene blue (5 or 10 mg/kg/day), and L-arginine hydrochloride (i.e., 250 mg/kg/day) prevented the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced (5 mg/kg/day) hyperlocomotion, whereas treatment with L-arginine hydrochloride at a dose of 125 mg/kg/day potentiated the development of tolerance to this central effect of mephedrone. Summarizing, our data revealed that the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway contributes to the development of tolerance to mephedrone’s central effects since inhibition of this signalling via blocking of NOS or NO-stimulated sGC prevented the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. As for cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases, most probably they are not involved in these mechanisms.
{"title":"The role of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion in mice","authors":"Gabriela Bielecka-Papierz, E. Poleszak, A. Szopa, J. Listos, Jolanta Orzelska-Górka, Małgorzata Jakóbczuk, Kamila Baluk, S. Talarek, A. Serefko","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The tendency of a psychostimulant to increase locomotion in rodents is considered to be associated with its addictive properties. Mephedrone, one of the most popular psychoactive substances used recreationally, is known to enhance locomotor activity in mice, but little is known about the potential development of tolerance to its central effects. In the present study, we decided to evaluate the possible involvement of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. Experiments were performed on adult male Albino Swiss mice, and the locomotor activity was measured automatically. Our work indicated that a 5-day administration of L-NAME (25 or 50 mg/kg/day), methylene blue (5 or 10 mg/kg/day), and L-arginine hydrochloride (i.e., 250 mg/kg/day) prevented the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced (5 mg/kg/day) hyperlocomotion, whereas treatment with L-arginine hydrochloride at a dose of 125 mg/kg/day potentiated the development of tolerance to this central effect of mephedrone. Summarizing, our data revealed that the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway contributes to the development of tolerance to mephedrone’s central effects since inhibition of this signalling via blocking of NOS or NO-stimulated sGC prevented the development of tolerance to mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. As for cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases, most probably they are not involved in these mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"114 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45672630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karolina Kielbik, Adrian Bakiera, I. Korona-Głowniak
Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most frequent bacterial identified causes of community-acquired pneumonia, otitis media and meningitis. It is, as well, a common cause of bacteraemia’s significant morbidity and mortality. Beta-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) are the first line of empirical treatment for pneumococcal infections. The targets of BLAs are penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), the modifications of which are one of the reasons why pneumococci are non-susceptible to BLAs. In our work, a total of 39 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were obtained from 176 healthy children, both vaccinated and non-vaccinated. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and their penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) were typed by the restriction fragment length of the polymorphism analysis of their pbp genes. The most frequent serotypes among the penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSSP) isolates were 23B, 35B and 19F. Restriction enzyme analyses of pbp1a, pbp2b, and pbp2x genes revealed 5, 3 and 3 different patterns, respectively, and a total of 4 different PBPs profiles of PNSSP isolates belonging to serotypes not included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were demonstrated. We conclude that the level of resistance should be monitored constantly to ascertain the effect of current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, as well as to recognize new circumstances developing in Poland, as well as the possibility of multiple, independent imports of resistant strains from abroad.
{"title":"Penicillin-binding protein genotyping of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from the nasopharynx of healthy preschool children","authors":"Karolina Kielbik, Adrian Bakiera, I. Korona-Głowniak","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most frequent bacterial identified causes of community-acquired pneumonia, otitis media and meningitis. It is, as well, a common cause of bacteraemia’s significant morbidity and mortality. Beta-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) are the first line of empirical treatment for pneumococcal infections. The targets of BLAs are penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), the modifications of which are one of the reasons why pneumococci are non-susceptible to BLAs. In our work, a total of 39 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were obtained from 176 healthy children, both vaccinated and non-vaccinated. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and their penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) were typed by the restriction fragment length of the polymorphism analysis of their pbp genes. The most frequent serotypes among the penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSSP) isolates were 23B, 35B and 19F. Restriction enzyme analyses of pbp1a, pbp2b, and pbp2x genes revealed 5, 3 and 3 different patterns, respectively, and a total of 4 different PBPs profiles of PNSSP isolates belonging to serotypes not included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were demonstrated. We conclude that the level of resistance should be monitored constantly to ascertain the effect of current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, as well as to recognize new circumstances developing in Poland, as well as the possibility of multiple, independent imports of resistant strains from abroad.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"94 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45285603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective. A survey was conducted to explore healthcare professional’s (HCPs) knowledge and attitude towards medication errors reporting processes and systems used in their local hospitals. Methods. There were 696 respondents and the observational survey showed the diverse perspectives of HCPs from diverse professions (doctors, pharmacists and nurses) who are at different stages in their career. The survey results highlighted the deficiencies in the medication safety management process, including the follow-up on witnessed or discovered medication errors, the effectiveness of the used reporting systems for medication errors, the standardisation of electronic prescribing software, and the training of HCPs at the six hospitals on medication safety. Key finding. Only 46% of the surveyed stated that their hospital had a mechanism in place for reporting medication errors and 60.7% of the participants agreed that they would submit reports provided the system is not used for performance management and only those need to know will be able to identify their name. Regarding prescription writing, 51% of surveyed HCPs said they utilise electronic prescribing software; however, the overall usage rate of electronic prescribing systems was 49%, with handwritten prescriptions remaining the option used in the majority of the time. In terms of HCP training, 20% of the survey respondents said they did not receive any instruction or direction in the hospitals on pharmacovigilance and patient safety. Conclusions. The Kuwaiti MoH should build a national electronic incident reporting system and establish standardised rules and protocols for incident reporting that is to be anonymous and of compulsory use by all government and private hospitals.
{"title":"Healthcare professional’s knowledge and awareness of the medication error reporting systems in the Kuwaiti hospitals","authors":"Mohammad Saada","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective. A survey was conducted to explore healthcare professional’s (HCPs) knowledge and attitude towards medication errors reporting processes and systems used in their local hospitals. Methods. There were 696 respondents and the observational survey showed the diverse perspectives of HCPs from diverse professions (doctors, pharmacists and nurses) who are at different stages in their career. The survey results highlighted the deficiencies in the medication safety management process, including the follow-up on witnessed or discovered medication errors, the effectiveness of the used reporting systems for medication errors, the standardisation of electronic prescribing software, and the training of HCPs at the six hospitals on medication safety. Key finding. Only 46% of the surveyed stated that their hospital had a mechanism in place for reporting medication errors and 60.7% of the participants agreed that they would submit reports provided the system is not used for performance management and only those need to know will be able to identify their name. Regarding prescription writing, 51% of surveyed HCPs said they utilise electronic prescribing software; however, the overall usage rate of electronic prescribing systems was 49%, with handwritten prescriptions remaining the option used in the majority of the time. In terms of HCP training, 20% of the survey respondents said they did not receive any instruction or direction in the hospitals on pharmacovigilance and patient safety. Conclusions. The Kuwaiti MoH should build a national electronic incident reporting system and establish standardised rules and protocols for incident reporting that is to be anonymous and of compulsory use by all government and private hospitals.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"87 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46165303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Bielecka-Papierz, E. Poleszak, Anna Serafko
Abstract Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are a very diverse group of recreational drugs that mimic effects of classic drugs of abuse and, at least at the beginning, are not usually prohibited. Representative of this group is mephedrone – a cathinone derivative. It is widely used as a recreational drug, particularly among club guests. Mephedrone`s effects are compared to effects of cocaine and MDMA but are more short-lived and include: psychostimulation, enhanced empathy, reduced feeling of tiredness, euphoria, hallucinations. This drug also exerts adverse effects, such as: anxiety, delusions, paranoia, psychosis, increased body temperature, elevated blood pressure, sleep disturbances. According to surveys performed on mephedrone users, it may be addictive. Those findings confirms a growing number of behavioural and molecular studies on animals. Mephedrone acts mainly via increasing monoamine transmission through increasing release of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline into synaptic cleft, inhibiting their re-uptake and reducing their metabolism. However, participation of other transmitters, modulators and pathways are investigated, including glutamate and nitric oxide. Favorable routes of administering mephedrone is intranasal and per os. Moreover, most often drug users use it in a binge way, e.g. taking repeated doses of a drug in a short period of time. According to animal studies, this pattern of mephedrone use leaves more neural injuries than taking it regularly, but in smaller doses. Our aim was to present a short, but essential, overview of the current knowledge on mephedrone, focusing on its effects, mechanism of action, animal studies evaluating its influence on the brain structures, toxicity and pharmacokinetics.
{"title":"Mephedrone – a synthetic derivative of cathinone","authors":"Gabriela Bielecka-Papierz, E. Poleszak, Anna Serafko","doi":"10.2478/cipms-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are a very diverse group of recreational drugs that mimic effects of classic drugs of abuse and, at least at the beginning, are not usually prohibited. Representative of this group is mephedrone – a cathinone derivative. It is widely used as a recreational drug, particularly among club guests. Mephedrone`s effects are compared to effects of cocaine and MDMA but are more short-lived and include: psychostimulation, enhanced empathy, reduced feeling of tiredness, euphoria, hallucinations. This drug also exerts adverse effects, such as: anxiety, delusions, paranoia, psychosis, increased body temperature, elevated blood pressure, sleep disturbances. According to surveys performed on mephedrone users, it may be addictive. Those findings confirms a growing number of behavioural and molecular studies on animals. Mephedrone acts mainly via increasing monoamine transmission through increasing release of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline into synaptic cleft, inhibiting their re-uptake and reducing their metabolism. However, participation of other transmitters, modulators and pathways are investigated, including glutamate and nitric oxide. Favorable routes of administering mephedrone is intranasal and per os. Moreover, most often drug users use it in a binge way, e.g. taking repeated doses of a drug in a short period of time. According to animal studies, this pattern of mephedrone use leaves more neural injuries than taking it regularly, but in smaller doses. Our aim was to present a short, but essential, overview of the current knowledge on mephedrone, focusing on its effects, mechanism of action, animal studies evaluating its influence on the brain structures, toxicity and pharmacokinetics.","PeriodicalId":11071,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"54 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43639704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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