Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.2174/0115701794272212240307092318
Pragya Dubey, Dharam Pal Pathak, Garima Chauhan, Faraat Ali
<p>The triazine moiety holds a special and very important position in the field of medicinal chemistry owing to its enormous biological and pharmacological potential. Over eras, triazine scaffolds have been investigated for synthesizing novel molecules that may be used for the treatment of different types of pathological conditions, such as infections, cancer, inflammation etc. A vast number of lead molecules have been established from the triazine moiety. The triazine fused with numerous heterocyclic rings, such as pyrrole, benzimidazole, indole, imidazole, carbazole, etc., have formed various bicyclic with pharmacological actions. The triazines display a wide range of activities, and synthesizing various marketable medicines that hold triazine moiety has made the attention of chemists worldwide grow over the years in the moiety. In this review article, the commercially available compound containing triazine has been presented, and an attempt has been made to collect the works reported, mostly in the past decade, by numerous scientists, related to the structural differences amongst the triazine analogues giving antitumor, and antimicrobial and other activities. </p><p> The objective of this review article was to outline the current information on triazines and their derivatives with respect to their biological potential and various pharmacological activities. </p><p> The summary of this review article would be helpful and describe the function and activity of the moiety to bring up-to-date the scientists working in the direction of designing and synthesising novel lead molecules for the treatment of different types of disease with the current molecules that have been synthesized from the triazine scaffold.</p>
{"title":"A Pharmacological Overview and Recent Patent of Triazine Scaffold in Drug Development: A Review","authors":"Pragya Dubey, Dharam Pal Pathak, Garima Chauhan, Faraat Ali","doi":"10.2174/0115701794272212240307092318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794272212240307092318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The triazine moiety holds a special and very important position in the field of medicinal chemistry owing to its enormous biological and pharmacological potential. Over eras, triazine scaffolds have been investigated for synthesizing novel molecules that may be used for the treatment of different types of pathological conditions, such as infections, cancer, inflammation etc. A vast number of lead molecules have been established from the triazine moiety. The triazine fused with numerous heterocyclic rings, such as pyrrole, benzimidazole, indole, imidazole, carbazole, etc., have formed various bicyclic with pharmacological actions. The triazines display a wide range of activities, and synthesizing various marketable medicines that hold triazine moiety has made the attention of chemists worldwide grow over the years in the moiety. In this review article, the commercially available compound containing triazine has been presented, and an attempt has been made to collect the works reported, mostly in the past decade, by numerous scientists, related to the structural differences amongst the triazine analogues giving antitumor, and antimicrobial and other activities. </p><p> The objective of this review article was to outline the current information on triazines and their derivatives with respect to their biological potential and various pharmacological activities. </p><p> The summary of this review article would be helpful and describe the function and activity of the moiety to bring up-to-date the scientists working in the direction of designing and synthesising novel lead molecules for the treatment of different types of disease with the current molecules that have been synthesized from the triazine scaffold.</p>","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.2174/0115701794311751240730060254
Munirah F. Alarbash, Yasair S. Al-Faiyz, Jeffery S. Wiggins, Abdelwahed R. Sayed
Background: Hydrazonoyl halides and methylhydrazinecarbodithioate have been generally utilized in the synthesis of heterocycles. Methods: This study describes a new and simple method to prepare new thiadiazoles from the reaction of N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2-oxopropanehydrazonoyl chloride or ethyl 2-chloro-2-(2-(naphthalen-1-yl)hydrazono)acetate with methylhydrazinecarbodithioate in the presence of basic medium under reflux. In this study, the synthetic schemes are designed to show the chemical reactions. Elements analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Mass Spectrom-etry (MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) are used to identify and characterize the final compounds. Results: There are two ways to synthesize the final thiadiazoles molecules. The first can be through nucleophile substitution of thiolate of methylhydrazonecarbodithioate to the chlorinated carbon of hydrazonoyl. Hydrochloric acid is then removed to provide an S-alkylated intermediate. Methanethiol is eliminated from this intermediate by an in situ intra-molecular cyclocondensation process to give the final products. The subsequent [3+2] cy-cloaddition involving 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrilimines to C=S is succeeded by the re-moval of methanethiol. Conclusion: This approach utilizes affordable, readily accessible reagents and simple reaction conditions to produce new thiadiazole derivatives with satisfactory yields.
{"title":"Development of a Suitable Method for the Synthesis of New Thiadiazoles Using Hydrazonoyl Halides","authors":"Munirah F. Alarbash, Yasair S. Al-Faiyz, Jeffery S. Wiggins, Abdelwahed R. Sayed","doi":"10.2174/0115701794311751240730060254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794311751240730060254","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hydrazonoyl halides and methylhydrazinecarbodithioate have been generally utilized in the synthesis of heterocycles. Methods: This study describes a new and simple method to prepare new thiadiazoles from the reaction of N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2-oxopropanehydrazonoyl chloride or ethyl 2-chloro-2-(2-(naphthalen-1-yl)hydrazono)acetate with methylhydrazinecarbodithioate in the presence of basic medium under reflux. In this study, the synthetic schemes are designed to show the chemical reactions. Elements analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Mass Spectrom-etry (MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) are used to identify and characterize the final compounds. Results: There are two ways to synthesize the final thiadiazoles molecules. The first can be through nucleophile substitution of thiolate of methylhydrazonecarbodithioate to the chlorinated carbon of hydrazonoyl. Hydrochloric acid is then removed to provide an S-alkylated intermediate. Methanethiol is eliminated from this intermediate by an in situ intra-molecular cyclocondensation process to give the final products. The subsequent [3+2] cy-cloaddition involving 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrilimines to C=S is succeeded by the re-moval of methanethiol. Conclusion: This approach utilizes affordable, readily accessible reagents and simple reaction conditions to produce new thiadiazole derivatives with satisfactory yields.","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: An efficient method for synthesizing cyclic arylsulfonium salts has been developed by selective aryl transfer to the sulfur atom from aryl(mesityl)iodonium triflates, a recyclable series of diaryliodonium salts. Methods: The utilization of sulfonium salts as valuable intermediates is well-established, as they exhibit high reactivity under conditions of heating or UV irradiation. However, their synthesis typically involves the reaction of diarysulfoxide with acid anhydride, which requires the oxidation of sulfur(II) to sulfoxide(IV) and thus limits the scope of synthesis. Hence, in this study, we employed recyclable mesityliodonium(III) salts and copper catalysis. Results: The method was used to synthesize cyclic arylsulfonium salts without the need for preoxidation of the sulfur atom, resulting in a facile and high-yield synthesis. Conclusion: The desired cyclic arylsulfonium salts were synthesized through selective transfer of the aryl group from mesityliodonium salts, demonstrating the effectiveness of the new approach.
{"title":"Synthesis of Heterocyclic Sulfonium Triflates by Cu-Catalyzed Selective Sarylation with Aryl(mesityl)iodonium Salts","authors":"Yusuke Yoto, Ryo Hatagochi, Yuto Irie, Naoko Takenaga, Ravi Kumar, Toshifumi Dohi","doi":"10.2174/0115701794298369240607042545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794298369240607042545","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An efficient method for synthesizing cyclic arylsulfonium salts has been developed by selective aryl transfer to the sulfur atom from aryl(mesityl)iodonium triflates, a recyclable series of diaryliodonium salts. Methods: The utilization of sulfonium salts as valuable intermediates is well-established, as they exhibit high reactivity under conditions of heating or UV irradiation. However, their synthesis typically involves the reaction of diarysulfoxide with acid anhydride, which requires the oxidation of sulfur(II) to sulfoxide(IV) and thus limits the scope of synthesis. Hence, in this study, we employed recyclable mesityliodonium(III) salts and copper catalysis. Results: The method was used to synthesize cyclic arylsulfonium salts without the need for preoxidation of the sulfur atom, resulting in a facile and high-yield synthesis. Conclusion: The desired cyclic arylsulfonium salts were synthesized through selective transfer of the aryl group from mesityliodonium salts, demonstrating the effectiveness of the new approach.","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.2174/0115701794302069240624045929
Debarati Das, Bhalchandra Mahadeo Bhanage
: Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling reactions with various carbon monoxide (CO) sources cultivate competent routes for the synthesis of bulk and value-added chemicals. However, the practical use of this odorless, inflammable, lethal gas has always raised a concern for chemists. The attention and advancement of various CO-surrogates is surely wel-comed as a green alternative to CO-gas. However, the main concern lies in the suitability and scalability of these CO-surrogate-driven reactions. Literature showed the progress of various ways to make in-situ CO from these CO surrogates. One of the most convenient sources is using metal carbonyls which are already known to lose CO easily. Among all the kinds, Mo(CO)6 gained much popularity but its toxic nature and demand for high temperatures restricted its use. However, Co2(CO)8 is popular as a catalyst but as an in-situ CO-source reports are scarce. This low-melting CO-releaser was found effective in flourishing aminocarbonylation, alkoxycar-bonylation, and reductive carbonylation under mild conditions. This mini-review portrays the recent developments of palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions using Co2(CO)8 as a CO source.
:钯催化与各种一氧化碳（CO）源的羰基交叉偶联反应为合成大宗和高附加值化学品提供了可行的途径。然而，这种无味、易燃、致命气体的实际使用一直是化学家们关注的问题。作为一氧化碳气体的绿色替代品，各种一氧化碳代用品的出现和发展无疑备受关注。然而，主要的问题在于这些一氧化碳代用品驱动反应的适用性和可扩展性。文献显示，利用这些一氧化碳代用品制造原位一氧化碳的各种方法都取得了进展。最方便的来源之一是使用已知容易失去 CO 的金属羰基。在所有种类中，Mo(CO)6 颇受欢迎，但其毒性和对高温的要求限制了它的使用。然而，Co2(CO)8 作为催化剂很受欢迎，但作为现场 CO 源的报道却很少。研究发现，这种低熔点 CO 释放剂在温和条件下可有效促进氨基羰基化、烷氧基羰基化和还原羰基化。本微型综述介绍了以 Co2(CO)8 为 CO 源的钯催化羰基化反应的最新进展。
{"title":"Co2(CO)8 as a CO-source for Pd-catalyzed Carbonylations: An Update","authors":"Debarati Das, Bhalchandra Mahadeo Bhanage","doi":"10.2174/0115701794302069240624045929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794302069240624045929","url":null,"abstract":": Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling reactions with various carbon monoxide (CO) sources cultivate competent routes for the synthesis of bulk and value-added chemicals. However, the practical use of this odorless, inflammable, lethal gas has always raised a concern for chemists. The attention and advancement of various CO-surrogates is surely wel-comed as a green alternative to CO-gas. However, the main concern lies in the suitability and scalability of these CO-surrogate-driven reactions. Literature showed the progress of various ways to make in-situ CO from these CO surrogates. One of the most convenient sources is using metal carbonyls which are already known to lose CO easily. Among all the kinds, Mo(CO)6 gained much popularity but its toxic nature and demand for high temperatures restricted its use. However, Co2(CO)8 is popular as a catalyst but as an in-situ CO-source reports are scarce. This low-melting CO-releaser was found effective in flourishing aminocarbonylation, alkoxycar-bonylation, and reductive carbonylation under mild conditions. This mini-review portrays the recent developments of palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions using Co2(CO)8 as a CO source.","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.2174/0115701794287942240614070341
Abdelwahed R. Sayed, Jeffrey S. Wiggins
Background: Thiadiazoles exhibit a variety of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antituberculosis, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, antitrypanosomal agent, and anticonvulsant properties. Methods: The new polymers are made in two distinct stages. The first stage is to prepare the starting material bis-(methyl hydrazoncarbodithioate) via a condensation reaction between methyl-hydrazinecarbodithioate and dicarbonyl compounds in suitable solvent as isopropyl alcohol. The second stage for the synthesis of the final products poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) derivatives is the suitable bis-hydrazonoyl chloride reacted with an equal molar ratio of bis-(methyl-2-arylidenehy-drazonecarbodithioates) in dimethyl sulfoxide, with triethylamine and reflux until the methanethiol gas stopped evolving. FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance), and thermal investigation were used to identify and characterize the final products. Results: This work effectively synthesized new derivatives of poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) in good yields via the reaction of bis-hydrazonoyl dichlorides with bis-(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazonecarbodithioates). Two routes can be used to explain how the final poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) compounds are formed. The first route can be explained by nucleophile substitution of thiolate of bis(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazonecarbodithioates) to the chlorinated carbon of bis-hydrazonoyl dichlorides, followed by removal of HCl (hydrochloric acid) to provide an intermediate (S-alkylated). This intermediate at once leads to an intramolecular cyclo-polycondensation by the exclusion of methanethiol gas to produce our ending products poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles). The second route concluded [3+2] cycloaddition of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrilimines (generated in situ by treatment of bis-hydrazonoyl dichlorides with triethylamine) to thione (C=S) followed by removal of methanethiol to give poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) as depicted in schematic diagram. Conclusion: In this article, we reported an efficient method for the synthesis of the novel poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) from the reaction of bis-(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazonecarbodithioates) with bis-hydrazonoyl halides.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Polythiadiazoles from Bis-hydrazonoyl Dichlorides and Bis-(methyl-2-arylidene hydrazone carbodithioates)","authors":"Abdelwahed R. Sayed, Jeffrey S. Wiggins","doi":"10.2174/0115701794287942240614070341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794287942240614070341","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thiadiazoles exhibit a variety of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antituberculosis, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, antitrypanosomal agent, and anticonvulsant properties. Methods: The new polymers are made in two distinct stages. The first stage is to prepare the starting material bis-(methyl hydrazoncarbodithioate) via a condensation reaction between methyl-hydrazinecarbodithioate and dicarbonyl compounds in suitable solvent as isopropyl alcohol. The second stage for the synthesis of the final products poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) derivatives is the suitable bis-hydrazonoyl chloride reacted with an equal molar ratio of bis-(methyl-2-arylidenehy-drazonecarbodithioates) in dimethyl sulfoxide, with triethylamine and reflux until the methanethiol gas stopped evolving. FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance), and thermal investigation were used to identify and characterize the final products. Results: This work effectively synthesized new derivatives of poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) in good yields via the reaction of bis-hydrazonoyl dichlorides with bis-(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazonecarbodithioates). Two routes can be used to explain how the final poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) compounds are formed. The first route can be explained by nucleophile substitution of thiolate of bis(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazonecarbodithioates) to the chlorinated carbon of bis-hydrazonoyl dichlorides, followed by removal of HCl (hydrochloric acid) to provide an intermediate (S-alkylated). This intermediate at once leads to an intramolecular cyclo-polycondensation by the exclusion of methanethiol gas to produce our ending products poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles). The second route concluded [3+2] cycloaddition of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrilimines (generated in situ by treatment of bis-hydrazonoyl dichlorides with triethylamine) to thione (C=S) followed by removal of methanethiol to give poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) as depicted in schematic diagram. Conclusion: In this article, we reported an efficient method for the synthesis of the novel poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) from the reaction of bis-(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazonecarbodithioates) with bis-hydrazonoyl halides.","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.2174/0115701794317332240610073030
Hong-Ru Dong
: Some new (S)-2-[1-aryl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-4-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-oxa-zoline were synthesized by the reaction of (S)-N-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-aryl-5-me-thyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides which were prepared from aromatic amine as starting materials, with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, triethylamine and DMAP. The structures were char-acterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and IR. The synthesized chiral triazole-oxazoline was used as a ligand in the Diels-Alder asymmetric catalytic reaction between 3-allyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ketone and 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, using PdCl2 as catalyst. (S)-3-(4-methylcyclohexe-3-ene-1-formyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one was obtained. Background: The chiral triazole-oxazoline ligands are rarely reported. Objective: The aim of the study was to synthsize some new chiral triazole-oxazoline ligands (S)-4-benzyl-2-(5-methyl-1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazoline (5a-g). Methods: The one-pot methods of oriented synthesis were adopted. This study provides a simple and effective method for the synthesis of new chiral triazole-oxazoline derivatives. Results: The some new chiral the triazole-oxazoline ligands (S)-4-benzyl-2-(5-methyl-1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazoline (5a-g) were synthesized and the asymmetric Diels-Alder cyclization of 3-allyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ketone and 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene was catalyzed by PdCl2 using the synthesized (S)-4-triazole-oxazoline ligands. Conclusion: Some new (S)-4-benzyl-2-(5-methyl-1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-4,5-dihydro-oxazoline was synthesized by corresponding N-[(S)-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-1-aryl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-formamide, through one-pot oriented synthesis method. After pre-liminary evaluation, the chiral triazoline-oxazoline ligands, in which 1,2,3-triazole rings, like pyridine-type rings, chiral materials were saved and replace one oxazoline ring in the dioxazoline ligands for asymmetric catalytic reactions.
{"title":"Synthesis of Some New Chiral Triazole-Oxazoline Derivatives","authors":"Hong-Ru Dong","doi":"10.2174/0115701794317332240610073030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794317332240610073030","url":null,"abstract":": Some new (S)-2-[1-aryl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-4-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-oxa-zoline were synthesized by the reaction of (S)-N-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-aryl-5-me-thyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides which were prepared from aromatic amine as starting materials, with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, triethylamine and DMAP. The structures were char-acterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and IR. The synthesized chiral triazole-oxazoline was used as a ligand in the Diels-Alder asymmetric catalytic reaction between 3-allyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ketone and 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, using PdCl2 as catalyst. (S)-3-(4-methylcyclohexe-3-ene-1-formyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one was obtained. Background: The chiral triazole-oxazoline ligands are rarely reported. Objective: The aim of the study was to synthsize some new chiral triazole-oxazoline ligands (S)-4-benzyl-2-(5-methyl-1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazoline (5a-g). Methods: The one-pot methods of oriented synthesis were adopted. This study provides a simple and effective method for the synthesis of new chiral triazole-oxazoline derivatives. Results: The some new chiral the triazole-oxazoline ligands (S)-4-benzyl-2-(5-methyl-1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazoline (5a-g) were synthesized and the asymmetric Diels-Alder cyclization of 3-allyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ketone and 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene was catalyzed by PdCl2 using the synthesized (S)-4-triazole-oxazoline ligands. Conclusion: Some new (S)-4-benzyl-2-(5-methyl-1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-4,5-dihydro-oxazoline was synthesized by corresponding N-[(S)-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-1-aryl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-formamide, through one-pot oriented synthesis method. After pre-liminary evaluation, the chiral triazoline-oxazoline ligands, in which 1,2,3-triazole rings, like pyridine-type rings, chiral materials were saved and replace one oxazoline ring in the dioxazoline ligands for asymmetric catalytic reactions.","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141613041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.2174/0115701794299562240606054510
Muhammad Shoaib Sardar, Shou-Jun Xu
Introduction:: The objective of this study is to compute the Kirchhoff index and re-sistance distance for two classes of windmill graphs, namely the French windmill graph and the Dutch windmill graph. Methods:: In this study, G is considered a simple connected graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G). N is supposed to represent a network derived from G by substituting a 1-ohm resistor for each edge of G. In that case, the resistance between μ,ν ∈ V (G) is considered analogous to the resistance between two equivalent nodes in network N. Results:: The Kirchhoff index of G is the sum of the resistance distances between all pairs of vertices in G. Conclusion:: In addition, the Kirchhoff index and resistance distance are computed in this study for specific generalizations of these graphs.
导言本研究旨在计算两类风车图（即法国风车图和荷兰风车图）的基尔霍夫指数和重阻距离。方法：：在本研究中，G 被视为简单连通图，具有顶点集 V (G) 和边集 E(G)。在这种情况下，μ,ν ∈ V (G) 之间的电阻被认为类似于网络 N 中两个等效节点之间的电阻。结果：：G 的基尔霍夫指数是 G 中所有顶点对之间电阻距离的总和：此外，本研究还计算了这些图的特定广义的基尔霍夫指数和电阻距离。
{"title":"Resistance Distance and Kirchhoff Index in Windmill Graphs","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Sardar, Shou-Jun Xu","doi":"10.2174/0115701794299562240606054510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794299562240606054510","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:: The objective of this study is to compute the Kirchhoff index and re-sistance distance for two classes of windmill graphs, namely the French windmill graph and the Dutch windmill graph. Methods:: In this study, G is considered a simple connected graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G). N is supposed to represent a network derived from G by substituting a 1-ohm resistor for each edge of G. In that case, the resistance between μ,ν ∈ V (G) is considered analogous to the resistance between two equivalent nodes in network N. Results:: The Kirchhoff index of G is the sum of the resistance distances between all pairs of vertices in G. Conclusion:: In addition, the Kirchhoff index and resistance distance are computed in this study for specific generalizations of these graphs.","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.2174/0115701794307242240612075648
Taha Jafari, Seyed Morteza Naghib, M. R. Mozafari
: The biopolymer chitosan, which is derived from chitin, has shown great promise for tissue regeneration and regulated drug delivery. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial action, low toxicity, biocompatibility, and many other attributes make it appealing for use in biomedical applications. Crucially, chitosan may be synthesized into a range of forms that can be customized to provide desired results, such as hydrogels, membranes, scaffolds, and nanoparticles. Hydrogels that are biocompatible and self-healing are innovative soft materials with considerable potential for use in biomedical applications. Hydrogels that self-heal using chitosan, which are mostly made by dynamic imine linkages, have gained a lot of interest because of their great biocompatibility, moderate preparation requirements, and capacity to mend themselves in a physiological setting. In this study, a summary of the applications of chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels in bone, cartilage, and tooth tissue regeneration and drug delivery is provided. Lastly, we have mentioned the difficulties and potential outcomes for the biomedical field's creation of hydrogels based on chitosan that can mend themselves.
{"title":"Chitosan-Based Nano/Biomaterials in Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Recent Progress and Advances","authors":"Taha Jafari, Seyed Morteza Naghib, M. R. Mozafari","doi":"10.2174/0115701794307242240612075648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794307242240612075648","url":null,"abstract":": The biopolymer chitosan, which is derived from chitin, has shown great promise for tissue regeneration and regulated drug delivery. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial action, low toxicity, biocompatibility, and many other attributes make it appealing for use in biomedical applications. Crucially, chitosan may be synthesized into a range of forms that can be customized to provide desired results, such as hydrogels, membranes, scaffolds, and nanoparticles. Hydrogels that are biocompatible and self-healing are innovative soft materials with considerable potential for use in biomedical applications. Hydrogels that self-heal using chitosan, which are mostly made by dynamic imine linkages, have gained a lot of interest because of their great biocompatibility, moderate preparation requirements, and capacity to mend themselves in a physiological setting. In this study, a summary of the applications of chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels in bone, cartilage, and tooth tissue regeneration and drug delivery is provided. Lastly, we have mentioned the difficulties and potential outcomes for the biomedical field's creation of hydrogels based on chitosan that can mend themselves.","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.2174/0115701794310949240607113838
Jehan Y. Al-Humaidi, Sobhi M. Gomha, Lamia A. Albedair, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Yousef E. Mukhrish, Mahmoud A. Mohamed
Background: Given the inadequacies of current chemotherapy, there is a need for more effective anticancer agents. Imidazole and thiazole compounds have demonstrated significant biological activity, making them promising candidates. Aims and Objective: This study investigates the anticancer potential of imidazole and thiazole derivatives, focusing on liver cancer. The aim is to synthesize bis-imidazole-thiazole hybrids and evaluate their efficacy as anticancer agents against hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: The hybrids were synthesized using (2,2'-((1,4-phenylenebis(2-mercapto-4-methyl1H-imidazole-1,5-diyl))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(hydrazine-1-carbothioamide), hydrazonoyl halides, and α-halo ketones, catalyzed by DABCO. This method is designed to be fast, yield high amounts of product, and be environmentally friendly. Structural confirmation was provided by FT IR, NMR, and MS spectroscopy. Results: The synthesized hybrids were tested in vitro against HepG-2 and WI-38 cell lines. Compounds 16b, 14a, 16a, and 7b showed significant inhibitory activity, with IC50 values indicating strong inhibition comparable to or better than the standard drug Sorafenib. Conclusion: The bis-imidazole-thiazole hybrids exhibit potent anticancer properties, particularly against hepatocellular carcinoma, making them potential candidates for future cancer therapies. Their selectivity and safety were further demonstrated by their effects on normal WI-38 human fibroblasts.
{"title":"Green Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of New Bis-Imidazole-Thiazole Hybrids Targeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Jehan Y. Al-Humaidi, Sobhi M. Gomha, Lamia A. Albedair, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Yousef E. Mukhrish, Mahmoud A. Mohamed","doi":"10.2174/0115701794310949240607113838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794310949240607113838","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given the inadequacies of current chemotherapy, there is a need for more effective anticancer agents. Imidazole and thiazole compounds have demonstrated significant biological activity, making them promising candidates. Aims and Objective: This study investigates the anticancer potential of imidazole and thiazole derivatives, focusing on liver cancer. The aim is to synthesize bis-imidazole-thiazole hybrids and evaluate their efficacy as anticancer agents against hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: The hybrids were synthesized using (2,2'-((1,4-phenylenebis(2-mercapto-4-methyl1H-imidazole-1,5-diyl))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(hydrazine-1-carbothioamide), hydrazonoyl halides, and α-halo ketones, catalyzed by DABCO. This method is designed to be fast, yield high amounts of product, and be environmentally friendly. Structural confirmation was provided by FT IR, NMR, and MS spectroscopy. Results: The synthesized hybrids were tested in vitro against HepG-2 and WI-38 cell lines. Compounds 16b, 14a, 16a, and 7b showed significant inhibitory activity, with IC50 values indicating strong inhibition comparable to or better than the standard drug Sorafenib. Conclusion: The bis-imidazole-thiazole hybrids exhibit potent anticancer properties, particularly against hepatocellular carcinoma, making them potential candidates for future cancer therapies. Their selectivity and safety were further demonstrated by their effects on normal WI-38 human fibroblasts.","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.2174/0115701794314387240604112621
Ebrahim Rezaii, Mehrdad Mahkam, Mohammad Rezaii
aims: Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids as 3D adsorbents for heavy metal removal background: Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids objective: Study of heavy metal removal with porous nanocomposite scaffolds based on hybrid organic/inorganic nanoparticles (MSN@COF) method: Using soluthermal methods for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids and studying the removal of heavy metals in them result: Precise and defect-free synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids Removal of over 90% of heavy metals conclusion: In this research work, in order to achieve the desired product, mesoporous silica nanoparticles were first synthesized based on TEOS, and then the surface modification of these nanoparticles was done with APTES in order to achieve MSN-NH2. Next, organic covalent frameworks based on cyanuric chloride were synthesized. The main goal in this research work was the synthesis of porous nanocomposites based on MSN and COF, so that it is possible to synthesize hybrid organic/inorganic porous nanocomposites by in situ growth of COF on porous silica nanoparticles. Therefore, after synthesizing both hybrid organic/inorganic porous nanocomposites (COF and MSN) and examining their morphology and how to identify them, porous nanocomposites (MSN@COF) resulting from the growth of COF on MSN were synthesized. To achieve a proper comparison of the porosity and nature of these nanocomposites, once this nanocomposite was synthesized using MSNs whose surfactant was not removed, the CTAB surfactant was removed after COF growth on it. In another synthesis, the nanocomposite was synthesized from the growth of COF on MSN-NH2 whose surfactant was removed. This nanocomposite, due to the open pores of the MSNs, the growth of COF started by connecting to the amino groups obtained from APTES from within the MSN-NH2 themselves. The nanocomposite had less porosity than the other composite due to the growth of COF inside it. But the remarkable thing was the growth and presence of COF with its constituent atoms inside the MSN cavities. Due to the fact that porous nanomaterials have their own unique morphology, nature, function, and application according to their constituents and porosity category, both porous nanoparticles used in the preparation of these nanocomposites are well-known and widely used porous nanomaterials. They are in industry and medicine, so we decided to synthesize porous nanocomposites that have the special characteristics, behavior, and ability of both MSN and COF. Relevant analyses confirmed the synthesis of these porous nano absorbents. The growth of COF on MSNs, according to the data obtained from BET, has reduced the surface area and volume of pores in porous nanocomposites, but on the other hand, the presence of COF with its constituent atoms definitely gives a special characteristic and ability to nanocomposites. Porous materials will give in exchange for a decrease in the surface area and volume of the initial MSN cavities. The results of thi
{"title":"Study of Heavy Metal Removal with Porous Nanocomposite Scaffolds based on Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Nanoparticles (MSN@COF)","authors":"Ebrahim Rezaii, Mehrdad Mahkam, Mohammad Rezaii","doi":"10.2174/0115701794314387240604112621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701794314387240604112621","url":null,"abstract":"aims: Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids as 3D adsorbents for heavy metal removal background: Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids objective: Study of heavy metal removal with porous nanocomposite scaffolds based on hybrid organic/inorganic nanoparticles (MSN@COF) method: Using soluthermal methods for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids and studying the removal of heavy metals in them result: Precise and defect-free synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids Removal of over 90% of heavy metals conclusion: In this research work, in order to achieve the desired product, mesoporous silica nanoparticles were first synthesized based on TEOS, and then the surface modification of these nanoparticles was done with APTES in order to achieve MSN-NH2. Next, organic covalent frameworks based on cyanuric chloride were synthesized. The main goal in this research work was the synthesis of porous nanocomposites based on MSN and COF, so that it is possible to synthesize hybrid organic/inorganic porous nanocomposites by in situ growth of COF on porous silica nanoparticles. Therefore, after synthesizing both hybrid organic/inorganic porous nanocomposites (COF and MSN) and examining their morphology and how to identify them, porous nanocomposites (MSN@COF) resulting from the growth of COF on MSN were synthesized. To achieve a proper comparison of the porosity and nature of these nanocomposites, once this nanocomposite was synthesized using MSNs whose surfactant was not removed, the CTAB surfactant was removed after COF growth on it. In another synthesis, the nanocomposite was synthesized from the growth of COF on MSN-NH2 whose surfactant was removed. This nanocomposite, due to the open pores of the MSNs, the growth of COF started by connecting to the amino groups obtained from APTES from within the MSN-NH2 themselves. The nanocomposite had less porosity than the other composite due to the growth of COF inside it. But the remarkable thing was the growth and presence of COF with its constituent atoms inside the MSN cavities. Due to the fact that porous nanomaterials have their own unique morphology, nature, function, and application according to their constituents and porosity category, both porous nanoparticles used in the preparation of these nanocomposites are well-known and widely used porous nanomaterials. They are in industry and medicine, so we decided to synthesize porous nanocomposites that have the special characteristics, behavior, and ability of both MSN and COF. Relevant analyses confirmed the synthesis of these porous nano absorbents. The growth of COF on MSNs, according to the data obtained from BET, has reduced the surface area and volume of pores in porous nanocomposites, but on the other hand, the presence of COF with its constituent atoms definitely gives a special characteristic and ability to nanocomposites. Porous materials will give in exchange for a decrease in the surface area and volume of the initial MSN cavities. The results of thi","PeriodicalId":11101,"journal":{"name":"Current organic synthesis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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