Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177009
Y. Tanaka, Mikhail Amelyushkin, K. Shimomura
We have studied the integration of the perpendicular recording system and a hard disk drive (HDD). Double layer perpendicular media and a single-pole type perpendicular head were employed in a 2.5" HDD along with a channel featuring differential equalization. As a result of the integration test, it was confirmed that perpendicular recording 2.5" HDDs functioned sufficiently as prototype drives with a capacity of 30 GB/pl or 52 Gbits/in/sup 2/ in terms of recording density. In looking thoroughly at the read/write performance of perpendicular recording through the drive integration study, some fundamental behavior and features have been identified. When we compared them side by side with those of familiar longitudinal recording system, it is revealed that, in drive integration mode, perpendicular recording and longitudinal recording showed a complementary relationship.
{"title":"Perpendicular recording and the complementary features in integration","authors":"Y. Tanaka, Mikhail Amelyushkin, K. Shimomura","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177009","url":null,"abstract":"We have studied the integration of the perpendicular recording system and a hard disk drive (HDD). Double layer perpendicular media and a single-pole type perpendicular head were employed in a 2.5\" HDD along with a channel featuring differential equalization. As a result of the integration test, it was confirmed that perpendicular recording 2.5\" HDDs functioned sufficiently as prototype drives with a capacity of 30 GB/pl or 52 Gbits/in/sup 2/ in terms of recording density. In looking thoroughly at the read/write performance of perpendicular recording through the drive integration study, some fundamental behavior and features have been identified. When we compared them side by side with those of familiar longitudinal recording system, it is revealed that, in drive integration mode, perpendicular recording and longitudinal recording showed a complementary relationship.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127774217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177060
J. Harrell, S. Wang, S. Brown
Thermal relaxation of the magnetization is a critical issue in ultra-high density recording media. The thermal stability is typically characterized by measuring the time dependence of the coercivity or by measuring the magnetization decay as a function of the reverse field after saturation. The relaxation is usually given in terms of a magnetic viscosity coefficient. The viscosity is usually greatest near the coercivity, and for large thermal stability factors, it is usually very small in zero applied field. We have recently reported zero field relaxation (ZFR) measurements in a variety of films, including longitudinal media, perpendicular media, and particulate films The measurements were made in zero field as a function of the initial remanent magnetization obtained after applying a saturation-reverse-zero field sequence.
{"title":"Zero field relaxation measurements in magnetic recording media","authors":"J. Harrell, S. Wang, S. Brown","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177060","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal relaxation of the magnetization is a critical issue in ultra-high density recording media. The thermal stability is typically characterized by measuring the time dependence of the coercivity or by measuring the magnetization decay as a function of the reverse field after saturation. The relaxation is usually given in terms of a magnetic viscosity coefficient. The viscosity is usually greatest near the coercivity, and for large thermal stability factors, it is usually very small in zero applied field. We have recently reported zero field relaxation (ZFR) measurements in a variety of films, including longitudinal media, perpendicular media, and particulate films The measurements were made in zero field as a function of the initial remanent magnetization obtained after applying a saturation-reverse-zero field sequence.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126977799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177008
S. Iwasaki
One hundred years of magnetic recording from the invention of "Telegraphone" by V. Poulsen in 1898 is the history of continuous development that has migrated from wires to tapes to disks. From the historical view of the magnetic recording, it was deduced that an invention needs more than 20 years before its worldwide application and that major technological innovations take place with a periodicity of about 40 years. The latter period would be related to the generation change. The change from in-plane to perpendicular magnetic recording system seems very reasonable from the historical view. The technology should play a fundamental role in information storage systems in the first half of 21st century.
{"title":"Learning from historical view of the progress in magnetic recording","authors":"S. Iwasaki","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177008","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred years of magnetic recording from the invention of \"Telegraphone\" by V. Poulsen in 1898 is the history of continuous development that has migrated from wires to tapes to disks. From the historical view of the magnetic recording, it was deduced that an invention needs more than 20 years before its worldwide application and that major technological innovations take place with a periodicity of about 40 years. The latter period would be related to the generation change. The change from in-plane to perpendicular magnetic recording system seems very reasonable from the historical view. The technology should play a fundamental role in information storage systems in the first half of 21st century.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123643182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177028
J. Ariake, H. Yamane, N. Honda, K. Ouchi
Intermediate layers for perpendicular magnetic recording media have been studied for controlling storage layers with fine grains. The magnetic properties of the media was investigated for understanding the effect of the intermediate layer. H/sub c/spl perp// for the medium with the Pt/C intermediate layer showed a little bit large value compared with that with the Pt/Ti one. TEM images of the media were investigated. We show that platinum and carbon layers are suitable intermediate layers for a very fine Co-Cr-Pt-Nb storage layer in double layered perpendicular magnetic recording media.
{"title":"Pt/C intermediate layer for Co-Cr perpendicular magnetic recording media with extremely high linear density","authors":"J. Ariake, H. Yamane, N. Honda, K. Ouchi","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177028","url":null,"abstract":"Intermediate layers for perpendicular magnetic recording media have been studied for controlling storage layers with fine grains. The magnetic properties of the media was investigated for understanding the effect of the intermediate layer. H/sub c/spl perp// for the medium with the Pt/C intermediate layer showed a little bit large value compared with that with the Pt/Ti one. TEM images of the media were investigated. We show that platinum and carbon layers are suitable intermediate layers for a very fine Co-Cr-Pt-Nb storage layer in double layered perpendicular magnetic recording media.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129176478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177049
Y. Hirayama, I. Tamai, I. Takekuma, Y. Nishida, Y. Hosoe
CoCr-alloy perpendicular magnetic recording media have been investigated, as the Cr segregated structure in the CoCr-alloy recording layer is suitable for obtaining low noise properties. Recently, the grain size of the recording layer is required to be very small for high-density recording, therefore the thermal stability of the recorded bit is becoming a critical issue. The magnetic anisotropy should be improved to keep the thermal stability of the recording layer which consists of small grains. The addition of the Pt element and a decrease of Cr content are required in the CoCr-alloy. This, however, results in higher medium noise due to increasing inter-granular exchange coupling. In this paper, the effects of Cr content on the magnetic and recording properties in post-annealed CoCrPt-alloy perpendicular media were investigated. The post-annealing treatment is expected to enhance Cr diffusion into the CoCrPt grain boundary from a nonmagnetic CoCr intermediate layer.
{"title":"CoCrPt-alloy perpendicular media for high-density magnetic recording","authors":"Y. Hirayama, I. Tamai, I. Takekuma, Y. Nishida, Y. Hosoe","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177049","url":null,"abstract":"CoCr-alloy perpendicular magnetic recording media have been investigated, as the Cr segregated structure in the CoCr-alloy recording layer is suitable for obtaining low noise properties. Recently, the grain size of the recording layer is required to be very small for high-density recording, therefore the thermal stability of the recorded bit is becoming a critical issue. The magnetic anisotropy should be improved to keep the thermal stability of the recording layer which consists of small grains. The addition of the Pt element and a decrease of Cr content are required in the CoCr-alloy. This, however, results in higher medium noise due to increasing inter-granular exchange coupling. In this paper, the effects of Cr content on the magnetic and recording properties in post-annealed CoCrPt-alloy perpendicular media were investigated. The post-annealing treatment is expected to enhance Cr diffusion into the CoCrPt grain boundary from a nonmagnetic CoCr intermediate layer.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114761753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177043
K. Gao, H. Bertram
Tilted and conventional perpendicular recording has been proposed as an effective method for recording densities beyond 100 Gbit/in/sup 2/. Recent study have shown the recording densities were limited, to large extend, by the anisotropy magnitude distribution In this paper, we study the effects of distributions in detail utilizing both analyses and micromagnetic simulations.
{"title":"Effects of distributions in tilted and conventional perpendicular recording","authors":"K. Gao, H. Bertram","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177043","url":null,"abstract":"Tilted and conventional perpendicular recording has been proposed as an effective method for recording densities beyond 100 Gbit/in/sup 2/. Recent study have shown the recording densities were limited, to large extend, by the anisotropy magnitude distribution In this paper, we study the effects of distributions in detail utilizing both analyses and micromagnetic simulations.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125903505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177029
K. Shintaku, K. Yamakawa, K. Ouchi
Fe-Co based films have been investigated for writing head core materials with a high B/sub s/ in recent years. We have reported that the combination of a small amount of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ addition and a soft magnetic underlayer film is important to obtain small H/sub ch/ with high B/sub s/ of 2.4 T in a wide range of film thickness for Fe-Co films. The mechanism of soft magnetic properties by using the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ addition and/or the soft magnetic underlayer film is studied. We confirm that the soft magnetic properties of Fe-Co system films are related to the expansion of the lattice constant and random crystal orientation.
{"title":"Soft magnetic properties and structure of high B/sub s/ Fe-Co-Al-O films","authors":"K. Shintaku, K. Yamakawa, K. Ouchi","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177029","url":null,"abstract":"Fe-Co based films have been investigated for writing head core materials with a high B/sub s/ in recent years. We have reported that the combination of a small amount of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ addition and a soft magnetic underlayer film is important to obtain small H/sub ch/ with high B/sub s/ of 2.4 T in a wide range of film thickness for Fe-Co films. The mechanism of soft magnetic properties by using the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ addition and/or the soft magnetic underlayer film is studied. We confirm that the soft magnetic properties of Fe-Co system films are related to the expansion of the lattice constant and random crystal orientation.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133458552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177063
K. Nakamoto, Y. Kawato, N. Yoshida, Y. Okada, M. Hatatani, M. Mochizuki, K. Watanabe, M. Fuyama
Perpendicular recording with sufficient thermal stability has great potential for next-generation recording with areal densities over 100 Gb/in/sup 2/. One of the biggest problems for single-pole writers is head-induced erasure, such as erase-after-write This erasure is due to the high remanent magnetization of the main pole. We fabricated single-pole writers with a domain stabilization technique to reduce the remanence, and highly sensitive tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) readers for 100 Gb/in/sup 2/ perpendicular recording.
{"title":"Perpendicular recording heads for areal densities over 100 Gb/in/sup 2/","authors":"K. Nakamoto, Y. Kawato, N. Yoshida, Y. Okada, M. Hatatani, M. Mochizuki, K. Watanabe, M. Fuyama","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177063","url":null,"abstract":"Perpendicular recording with sufficient thermal stability has great potential for next-generation recording with areal densities over 100 Gb/in/sup 2/. One of the biggest problems for single-pole writers is head-induced erasure, such as erase-after-write This erasure is due to the high remanent magnetization of the main pole. We fabricated single-pole writers with a domain stabilization technique to reduce the remanence, and highly sensitive tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) readers for 100 Gb/in/sup 2/ perpendicular recording.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132438249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177036
B. Lengsfield, M. Schabes
This work extends earlier theoretical studies as the time dependent fields present at a transition during the recording process were analyzed as a function of magnetic spacing, exchange, saturation magnetization and anisotropy. The trade-off between smaller transition lengths and larger cross track correlation lengths as function of these media parameters was investigated for a large matrix of material parameters. The simulated signal roll off produced in this study was found to agree closely with recent experimental studies of high performance granular media. Our simulations indicate that there is a range of material parameters that produces a small transition length in thermally stable perpendicular media.
{"title":"Optimization of the performance of perpendicular magnetic recording media","authors":"B. Lengsfield, M. Schabes","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177036","url":null,"abstract":"This work extends earlier theoretical studies as the time dependent fields present at a transition during the recording process were analyzed as a function of magnetic spacing, exchange, saturation magnetization and anisotropy. The trade-off between smaller transition lengths and larger cross track correlation lengths as function of these media parameters was investigated for a large matrix of material parameters. The simulated signal roll off produced in this study was found to agree closely with recent experimental studies of high performance granular media. Our simulations indicate that there is a range of material parameters that produces a small transition length in thermally stable perpendicular media.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121812763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-06DOI: 10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177059
R.J.M.V. de Veerdonk, Xiaowei Wu, G. Ju
We present experimental results for a series of perpendicular recording media samples, using magnetometry methods adopted for the perpendicular geometry. The inadequacy of characterization using only hysteresis loops is demonstrated, as well as the influence of a demagnetization field and its importance for the interpretation of the results. By using the more involved and time-consuming measurements described in this work, some of the relevant materials properties can be determined and serve as inputs for advanced micromagnetic recording models.
{"title":"Experimental characterization methods for perpendicular recording materials","authors":"R.J.M.V. de Veerdonk, Xiaowei Wu, G. Ju","doi":"10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177059","url":null,"abstract":"We present experimental results for a series of perpendicular recording media samples, using magnetometry methods adopted for the perpendicular geometry. The inadequacy of characterization using only hysteresis loops is demonstrated, as well as the influence of a demagnetization field and its importance for the interpretation of the results. By using the more involved and time-consuming measurements described in this work, some of the relevant materials properties can be determined and serve as inputs for advanced micromagnetic recording models.","PeriodicalId":111090,"journal":{"name":"Joint NAPMRC 2003. Digest of Technical Papers","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123905658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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