Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66353
F. Kazemi, N. Safari
Mulches are relatively new landscape components and are becoming recognized for their environmental and aesthetic outcomes on urban landscapes especially in arid environments. However, the effects of mulches on landscape plants have not been extensively discussed. This study examined the effects of organic and inorganic mulches on the performance of a widely used herbaceous drought tolerant flowering plant, Zinnia elegans, toward low maintenance landscaping. This study was designed as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four widely commercially available and utilized mulches, including wood chips, pine needles, scoria (volcanic stone) and black polyethylene were used as the treatment mulches. The study contained plots with only bare soil as the control. The results showed that utilizing the selected mulches demonstrated positive effects on the plant growth, and increased the fresh and dry weight of shoots (p<0.05) compared to the control. In the Zinnia, the highest fresh and dry weights were recorded for the wood chip treatment. The decreased the percentage of weeds (p<0.01) compared to the bare soil. The highest water use efficiencies were recorded when polyethylene, wood chips (M=16 kg/m3) and pine needles were used as mulches, respectively. Mulches increased the flowering period up to 6 days and decreased the number of days to flowering up to 19 days with polyethylene mulch compared to the control treatment. Therefore, utilizing organic and inorganic mulches for improving landscape quality, performance and aesthetics especially in arid environments is to be recommended.
{"title":"Effect of mulches on some characteristics of a drought tolerant flowering plant for urban landscaping","authors":"F. Kazemi, N. Safari","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66353","url":null,"abstract":"Mulches are relatively new landscape components and are becoming recognized for their environmental and aesthetic outcomes on urban landscapes especially in arid environments. However, the effects of mulches on landscape plants have not been extensively discussed. This study examined the effects of organic and inorganic mulches on the performance of a widely used herbaceous drought tolerant flowering plant, Zinnia elegans, toward low maintenance landscaping. This study was designed as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four widely commercially available and utilized mulches, including wood chips, pine needles, scoria (volcanic stone) and black polyethylene were used as the treatment mulches. The study contained plots with only bare soil as the control. The results showed that utilizing the selected mulches demonstrated positive effects on the plant growth, and increased the fresh and dry weight of shoots (p<0.05) compared to the control. In the Zinnia, the highest fresh and dry weights were recorded for the wood chip treatment. The decreased the percentage of weeds (p<0.01) compared to the bare soil. The highest water use efficiencies were recorded when polyethylene, wood chips (M=16 kg/m3) and pine needles were used as mulches, respectively. Mulches increased the flowering period up to 6 days and decreased the number of days to flowering up to 19 days with polyethylene mulch compared to the control treatment. Therefore, utilizing organic and inorganic mulches for improving landscape quality, performance and aesthetics especially in arid environments is to be recommended.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68523869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66348
M. Sookhtanlou
In this study was examined the factors affecting the unwillingness to adopt pressurized irrigation methods among farmers' groups (with different levels of drought) in Ardabil province (Iran). Mixed method (Qualitative – Quantitative paradigm) was used for doing this research. First, by drought zoning of Ardabil province (by SPI method and GIS), three regions included the mild, moderate and severe drought levels were selected. In the second stage, using multi-stage cluster sampling from regions with pressurized irrigation methods implemented, non-adopter farmers of pressurized irrigation methods were selected from three regions of study (n= 290). The ordered logistic regression (OLR) (by STATA software) was used to determine the effective and distinctive factors of farmers' groups. The findings showed that 54.5% of farmers had moderate level of unwillingness to adopt pressurized irrigation systems. According to the results of OLR model and marginal effects, farmers in different levels of drought had significant difference in terms of unwillingness to adopt pressurized irrigation systems. Moreover, from among 18 factors of study, only 7 factors of education level, farm income, awareness of pressurized irrigation systems, the effect of local weather conditions, the distrust towards the optimizing of pressurized irrigation systems, non-efficiency of pressurized irrigation methods on farm yield and costs of pressurized irrigation systems were significant and it had been the ability to differentiate among farmers in different levels of drought. This study indicated that improving farm income and awareness of pressurized irrigation systems, compared with other effective factors, create the biggest variations in the probability of placing farmers in different levels of drought.
{"title":"Inhibiting factors on adoption of pressurized irrigation methods according to drought zoning in Northwestern Iran (Ardabil province)","authors":"M. Sookhtanlou","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66348","url":null,"abstract":"In this study was examined the factors affecting the unwillingness to adopt pressurized irrigation methods among farmers' groups (with different levels of drought) in Ardabil province (Iran). Mixed method (Qualitative – Quantitative paradigm) was used for doing this research. First, by drought zoning of Ardabil province (by SPI method and GIS), three regions included the mild, moderate and severe drought levels were selected. In the second stage, using multi-stage cluster sampling from regions with pressurized irrigation methods implemented, non-adopter farmers of pressurized irrigation methods were selected from three regions of study (n= 290). The ordered logistic regression (OLR) (by STATA software) was used to determine the effective and distinctive factors of farmers' groups. The findings showed that 54.5% of farmers had moderate level of unwillingness to adopt pressurized irrigation systems. According to the results of OLR model and marginal effects, farmers in different levels of drought had significant difference in terms of unwillingness to adopt pressurized irrigation systems. Moreover, from among 18 factors of study, only 7 factors of education level, farm income, awareness of pressurized irrigation systems, the effect of local weather conditions, the distrust towards the optimizing of pressurized irrigation systems, non-efficiency of pressurized irrigation methods on farm yield and costs of pressurized irrigation systems were significant and it had been the ability to differentiate among farmers in different levels of drought. This study indicated that improving farm income and awareness of pressurized irrigation systems, compared with other effective factors, create the biggest variations in the probability of placing farmers in different levels of drought.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68523677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66344
M. Ranjpisheh, M. K. Reihan, G. Zehtabian, H. Khosravi
Management of groundwater quality is very important in arid and semi-arid areas. In this study, satellite images from TM, ETM and OLI sensors were used to evaluate the impacts of land use changes on groundwater quality for 1990, 2007 and 2015 in Shabestar basin. After processing and analyzing images, the basin was classified into five land use classes including pasture, bare land, farming, garden and residential. Motivate averages of 3, 5 and 7 years were used to determine precipitation changes trends and identifying wet and drought periods. Zoning maps of qualitative parameters including EC, SAR, TH, Cl and Na for 40 wells in a decade (2002 to 2012) were plotted using geostatistical methods to evaluate changes in groundwater quality. The obtained results from motivating average graph showed that drought was occurred during the first period 1997 to 2003 due to lack of rainfall, the worst drought was occurred in year 1999. Overall, the quality of groundwater was improving over the period. So that water quality was low in the first period (2002-2005) due to coinciding with the drought period and water quality was improving due to coinciding with wet periods in the second and third period (2006-2009 and 2010-2012). The amount of water quality parameters has increased in the southern and western parts of the region where located in the vicinity of Lake Urmia and water in these areas aren’t suitable for farming and drinking. It can be due to overuse of groundwater affected by land use changes in this parts of the region.
{"title":"Assessment of drought and landuse changes: Impacts on groundwater quality in Shabestar basin, North of Lake Urmia","authors":"M. Ranjpisheh, M. K. Reihan, G. Zehtabian, H. Khosravi","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66344","url":null,"abstract":"Management of groundwater quality is very important in arid and semi-arid areas. In this study, satellite images from TM, ETM and OLI sensors were used to evaluate the impacts of land use changes on groundwater quality for 1990, 2007 and 2015 in Shabestar basin. After processing and analyzing images, the basin was classified into five land use classes including pasture, bare land, farming, garden and residential. Motivate averages of 3, 5 and 7 years were used to determine precipitation changes trends and identifying wet and drought periods. Zoning maps of qualitative parameters including EC, SAR, TH, Cl and Na for 40 wells in a decade (2002 to 2012) were plotted using geostatistical methods to evaluate changes in groundwater quality. The obtained results from motivating average graph showed that drought was occurred during the first period 1997 to 2003 due to lack of rainfall, the worst drought was occurred in year 1999. Overall, the quality of groundwater was improving over the period. So that water quality was low in the first period (2002-2005) due to coinciding with the drought period and water quality was improving due to coinciding with wet periods in the second and third period (2006-2009 and 2010-2012). The amount of water quality parameters has increased in the southern and western parts of the region where located in the vicinity of Lake Urmia and water in these areas aren’t suitable for farming and drinking. It can be due to overuse of groundwater affected by land use changes in this parts of the region.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68522954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66351
G. Mahtabi, F. Taran
Climatic conditions have a major influence in attracting tourists to a city in different months. In this study, the potential of Isfahan and Rasht as arid and humid cities, respectively, was investigated in terms of attracting tourists during a year. For this purpose, the Holiday Climate Index (HCI), which has been designed based on daily climate information, was used. The results showed that in Isfahan, with rising air temperature and reducing air humidity in March, April and May, the mean value of HCI is more than 69 and climatic condition is "very good". Also, from September 14, the value of HCI reaches above 69 and shows "very good" condition and this condition continues until the end of October. Therefore, these two periods are the best times for presence of tourists in Isfahan. In Rasht, in April and May, because of climate variables suitability (sunshine hours, cloudiness, and weather temperature) in comparison to other months, the mean value of HCI is equal to 66 (acceptable). It seems that the stable climate condition and therefore HCI value provide a suitable period for tourism in Rasht. In other months, because of high humidity and precipitation, the value of HCI is less than 60.
{"title":"Comparing the effect of climate condition on tourism calendar in arid and humid cities using Holiday Climate Index (HCI) (Case Study: Isfahan and Rasht)","authors":"G. Mahtabi, F. Taran","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66351","url":null,"abstract":"Climatic conditions have a major influence in attracting tourists to a city in different months. In this study, the potential of Isfahan and Rasht as arid and humid cities, respectively, was investigated in terms of attracting tourists during a year. For this purpose, the Holiday Climate Index (HCI), which has been designed based on daily climate information, was used. The results showed that in Isfahan, with rising air temperature and reducing air humidity in March, April and May, the mean value of HCI is more than 69 and climatic condition is \"very good\". Also, from September 14, the value of HCI reaches above 69 and shows \"very good\" condition and this condition continues until the end of October. Therefore, these two periods are the best times for presence of tourists in Isfahan. In Rasht, in April and May, because of climate variables suitability (sunshine hours, cloudiness, and weather temperature) in comparison to other months, the mean value of HCI is equal to 66 (acceptable). It seems that the stable climate condition and therefore HCI value provide a suitable period for tourism in Rasht. In other months, because of high humidity and precipitation, the value of HCI is less than 60.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68523764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2017.64179
S. A. Saraskanroud, B. Zeinali, V. Mohammadnejad
It is widely known that the development of gullies causes the loss of a great amount of soil and can be considered as one of the principal causes of geo-environmental degradation. The study area of the present research is located in the eastern shores of Urmia Lake. This study sought to evaluate the rate of growth and effective factors on the area’s gully dynamic over a year. To achieve this goal, levels of Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), pH, types of soil, and morphometric analysis were used for categorizing and analyzing effective factors on the creation of gully erosion. In addition, as the climate index, the coefficient of moisture in the area’s formation for analyzing the area’s gully erosion potential was also employed as relevant indicators. The results based on climate indices show that the area’s gully erosion potential is high. Analyzing the taken samples’ structures indicated that the constructing components of geological formations provided highly appropriate conditions for vertical and horizontal leveling of gullies because of the weak building of aggregates in a way that the results of the morphometric monitoring of the gullies represent the area’s high growth speed and dynamicity. High accumulation of soluble salts especially high values of SAR and EC have led to dissolution erosion that provides the conditions for creating tunnel erosion. The results of the research showed gully erosion formation in the study area and its expansion due to two factors, climate factors together with the chemical and physical characteristics of an area’s soils. The results of the present research are of great importance for gully erosion modeling tasks in the study area and can be used as the base of future researches for identifying the relevant criteria and indicators in gully erosions.
{"title":"Analysis physical and chemical properties of soil and morphometric impacts on gully erosion","authors":"S. A. Saraskanroud, B. Zeinali, V. Mohammadnejad","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2017.64179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2017.64179","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely known that the development of gullies causes the loss of a great amount of soil and can be considered as one of the principal causes of geo-environmental degradation. The study area of the present research is located in the eastern shores of Urmia Lake. This study sought to evaluate the rate of growth and effective factors on the area’s gully dynamic over a year. To achieve this goal, levels of Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), pH, types of soil, and morphometric analysis were used for categorizing and analyzing effective factors on the creation of gully erosion. In addition, as the climate index, the coefficient of moisture in the area’s formation for analyzing the area’s gully erosion potential was also employed as relevant indicators. The results based on climate indices show that the area’s gully erosion potential is high. Analyzing the taken samples’ structures indicated that the constructing components of geological formations provided highly appropriate conditions for vertical and horizontal leveling of gullies because of the weak building of aggregates in a way that the results of the morphometric monitoring of the gullies represent the area’s high growth speed and dynamicity. High accumulation of soluble salts especially high values of SAR and EC have led to dissolution erosion that provides the conditions for creating tunnel erosion. The results of the research showed gully erosion formation in the study area and its expansion due to two factors, climate factors together with the chemical and physical characteristics of an area’s soils. The results of the present research are of great importance for gully erosion modeling tasks in the study area and can be used as the base of future researches for identifying the relevant criteria and indicators in gully erosions.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41928840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62184
Uchenna Egwu, Y. Hoseini
This research investigate clayey, lateritic and sandy soils have been selected from agricultural lands in the South-Eastern Nigeria, for their phosphate sorption characteristics using column experiments, in order ascertain the movement of phosphate in the soils. The soil samples were equilibrated in 25ml of 0.01M CaCl2 containing different concentrations of P as KH2PO4 to produce initial concentrations of 250, 375, 500, 625 and 750µg/L of P for 14 days at room temperature. Six samples and a backup treatment were prepared for each concentration for each soil sample giving a total of 25 samples of each soil. Fitting the adsorption results from all the soil tested into Freundlich, Langmuir and Van Huay linear isotherms revealed that the adsorption of phosphate increased with the concentration of P and contact time. Values of P sorption maximum (Smax) for all the soils were obtained in day 10 and were 12, 15 and 12 mg/kg soil for clayey, lateritic and sandy soil respectively. The higher sorption of lateritic over clayey soil was due to its high content of clay and clay minerals. The Freundlich isotherm perfectly fitted the clayey soil with the highest accuracy than the Langmuir and Van Huay isotherms, and also gave better description of the lateritic soil but did not adequately describe the sandy soil like the other isotherms. Comparison of the three isotherms showed that the Freundlich isotherm was the best for predicting the phosphorus adsorption behaviour in soils. The leaching of P in the soil column experiment was time-depth dependent and therefore, the use of slow phosphate fertilizer and lime could improve p-adsorption on the soil.
{"title":"Modeling the movement of phosphorus in some selected agricultural soils in Nigeria","authors":"Uchenna Egwu, Y. Hoseini","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62184","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigate clayey, lateritic and sandy soils have been selected from agricultural lands in the South-Eastern Nigeria, for their phosphate sorption characteristics using column experiments, in order ascertain the movement of phosphate in the soils. The soil samples were equilibrated in 25ml of 0.01M CaCl2 containing different concentrations of P as KH2PO4 to produce initial concentrations of 250, 375, 500, 625 and 750µg/L of P for 14 days at room temperature. Six samples and a backup treatment were prepared for each concentration for each soil sample giving a total of 25 samples of each soil. Fitting the adsorption results from all the soil tested into Freundlich, Langmuir and Van Huay linear isotherms revealed that the adsorption of phosphate increased with the concentration of P and contact time. Values of P sorption maximum (Smax) for all the soils were obtained in day 10 and were 12, 15 and 12 mg/kg soil for clayey, lateritic and sandy soil respectively. The higher sorption of lateritic over clayey soil was due to its high content of clay and clay minerals. The Freundlich isotherm perfectly fitted the clayey soil with the highest accuracy than the Langmuir and Van Huay isotherms, and also gave better description of the lateritic soil but did not adequately describe the sandy soil like the other isotherms. Comparison of the three isotherms showed that the Freundlich isotherm was the best for predicting the phosphorus adsorption behaviour in soils. The leaching of P in the soil column experiment was time-depth dependent and therefore, the use of slow phosphate fertilizer and lime could improve p-adsorption on the soil.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48342566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62294
A. S. Jam, M. K. Reihan, M. Saravi, J. Bazrafshan, S. K. Sigaroudi
Investigation of drought event has a great importance in the natural resources and water resources management and planning. In this research, the effect of the climate change on drought characteristics in Khoy station was investigated using the HadCM3 model under B2 scenario. The statistical downscaling was executed using SDSM 4.2.9 and observed daily precipitation, observed predictors and large-scale predictors derived from the HadCM3 model. Afterwards the SPI was calculated for different time scales of 3, 12, 24, 48 months in the observed period of 1977-2006 and also three periods of 2007-2036, 2037-2066 and 2067-2096. The results show that the mean annual precipitation will decrease in the future periods, in the manner that the fourth and second periods respectively with the depletion of 48 mm (17%) and 34 mm (12%) than the observed period have maximum and minimum rate of the depletion. The results also show that the drought occurrence with more intensity, duration and frequency can occur in the future periods.
{"title":"Investigation of Climate Change Effect on Drought Characteristics in the Future Period using the HadCM3 model (Case Study: Khoy Station, Northwest of Iran)","authors":"A. S. Jam, M. K. Reihan, M. Saravi, J. Bazrafshan, S. K. Sigaroudi","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62294","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of drought event has a great importance in the natural resources and water resources management and planning. In this research, the effect of the climate change on drought characteristics in Khoy station was investigated using the HadCM3 model under B2 scenario. The statistical downscaling was executed using SDSM 4.2.9 and observed daily precipitation, observed predictors and large-scale predictors derived from the HadCM3 model. Afterwards the SPI was calculated for different time scales of 3, 12, 24, 48 months in the observed period of 1977-2006 and also three periods of 2007-2036, 2037-2066 and 2067-2096. The results show that the mean annual precipitation will decrease in the future periods, in the manner that the fourth and second periods respectively with the depletion of 48 mm (17%) and 34 mm (12%) than the observed period have maximum and minimum rate of the depletion. The results also show that the drought occurrence with more intensity, duration and frequency can occur in the future periods.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47427660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62284
S. A. Arami, M. Ownagh
About 80 percent of Iran is arid and semi-arid and about 35 percent of this area is susceptible to desertification hazard. Therefore desertification assessment and identification of the most important criteria for the assessment of risk and a basis for development of management plans is essential. This research was conducted in the semi-arid region of Agh-Band in the Golestan province, Iran with an area of 3062.5 km2 aiming at preparation of the desertification hazard and risk maps and development of various management plans to control the desertification. In this study, the IMDPA model and geomorphologic facies were used to evaluate the desertification hazard. The work units (geomorphologic facies) were defined based on geology and land use maps, satellite images and field surveys. The risk map was developed with a combination of desertification hazard intensity and hazard elements [A1] [A2] and degree of vulnerability maps using the total risk equation. Desertification management plan was developed based on four management strategies including: no plan, maintains the status quo, avoid the risk and implement the control measures. The results indicated that soil and vegetation criteria with magnitudes of 2.67 and 2.54 fall into sever desertification category (III) and other criteria are within medium class (II). The average value of degree of desertification in the study area was 2.03 (class II).
{"title":"Assessment of desertification hazard, risk and development of management plans","authors":"S. A. Arami, M. Ownagh","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62284","url":null,"abstract":"About 80 percent of Iran is arid and semi-arid and about 35 percent of this area is susceptible to desertification hazard. Therefore desertification assessment and identification of the most important criteria for the assessment of risk and a basis for development of management plans is essential. This research was conducted in the semi-arid region of Agh-Band in the Golestan province, Iran with an area of 3062.5 km2 aiming at preparation of the desertification hazard and risk maps and development of various management plans to control the desertification. In this study, the IMDPA model and geomorphologic facies were used to evaluate the desertification hazard. The work units (geomorphologic facies) were defined based on geology and land use maps, satellite images and field surveys. The risk map was developed with a combination of desertification hazard intensity and hazard elements [A1] [A2] and degree of vulnerability maps using the total risk equation. Desertification management plan was developed based on four management strategies including: no plan, maintains the status quo, avoid the risk and implement the control measures. The results indicated that soil and vegetation criteria with magnitudes of 2.67 and 2.54 fall into sever desertification category (III) and other criteria are within medium class (II). The average value of degree of desertification in the study area was 2.03 (class II).","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48490576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62181
A. Kouhpeima, S. Feyznia, H. Ahmadi, A. Moghadamnia
Every year, hundreds of people all over the world lose their lives due to landslides. Landslide susceptibility map describes the likelihood or possibility of new landslides occurring in an area, and therefore helping to reduce future potential damages. The main purpose of this study is to provide landslide susceptibility map using logistic regression model at Latyan watershed, north Iran. In the first stage, 208 Landslide locations were identified and mapped using extensive field surveys. 75 % of these landslides were used for training and 25 % of them for validation of the model. The mapped landslides were then georeferenced using ArcGIS 10 to provide the landslide inventory map. In the second stage, maps of factors affecting the occurrence of landslides were prepared in ArcGIS 10. Finally in the last stage, the relationships between these affecting factors and the landslide inventory map were calculated using Logistic regression algorithm. The amount of pseudo R2 (0.32) and AUC (0.85) shown the high efficiency of Logistic regression model. According to the coefficients obtained by the model, lithology is the most important factor affecting landslide occurrence (coefficient= +12.032). Most landslides (69%) are located within Ek Formation. The results indicated that 7.56% of the basin is located in high susceptibility class and 2.88% in very high susceptibility class.
{"title":"Landslide susceptibility mapping using logistic regression analysis in Latyan catchment","authors":"A. Kouhpeima, S. Feyznia, H. Ahmadi, A. Moghadamnia","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62181","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, hundreds of people all over the world lose their lives due to landslides. Landslide susceptibility map describes the likelihood or possibility of new landslides occurring in an area, and therefore helping to reduce future potential damages. The main purpose of this study is to provide landslide susceptibility map using logistic regression model at Latyan watershed, north Iran. In the first stage, 208 Landslide locations were identified and mapped using extensive field surveys. 75 % of these landslides were used for training and 25 % of them for validation of the model. The mapped landslides were then georeferenced using ArcGIS 10 to provide the landslide inventory map. In the second stage, maps of factors affecting the occurrence of landslides were prepared in ArcGIS 10. Finally in the last stage, the relationships between these affecting factors and the landslide inventory map were calculated using Logistic regression algorithm. The amount of pseudo R2 (0.32) and AUC (0.85) shown the high efficiency of Logistic regression model. According to the coefficients obtained by the model, lithology is the most important factor affecting landslide occurrence (coefficient= +12.032). Most landslides (69%) are located within Ek Formation. The results indicated that 7.56% of the basin is located in high susceptibility class and 2.88% in very high susceptibility class.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62295
A. Jahanshahi, M. Golshan, A. Afzali
Hydrological processes and their spatial distribution directly are relevant to climate, topography, geology, and land use in the watershed. Therefore, use of a model whit integrity and high performance for simulating the process in deferent watersheds is very important. In this study was assessment performance of semi-distributed SWAT model in simulating hydrology processes in three watersheds with different climate: Jazmurian basin with 1258 (km2) in an arid climate, Khorramabad watershed white 2467 (km2) in a semi-arid climate and Talar watershed white 2057 climate in semi-humid climate. To this purpose, maps land use, soil, digital elevation model, and meteorological data in daily step collected from many stations for each region. After running the SWAT model, the calibration and validation model did whit SUFI2 algorithm. Performance models were assessed with statistical coefficients NS, R2 and bR2. The results showed that the values of these coefficients in Jazmurian basin is 0.56, 0.54 and 0.20, in Khorramabad watershed is 0.68, 0.72 and 0.32 respectively and in Talar watershed is 0.64 0.66 and 0.31 respectively. Overall, the results showed that the SWAT model performance in Talar watershed is higher than the other watersheds.
{"title":"Simulation of the catchments hydrological processes in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid areas","authors":"A. Jahanshahi, M. Golshan, A. Afzali","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2017.62295","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrological processes and their spatial distribution directly are relevant to climate, topography, geology, and land use in the watershed. Therefore, use of a model whit integrity and high performance for simulating the process in deferent watersheds is very important. In this study was assessment performance of semi-distributed SWAT model in simulating hydrology processes in three watersheds with different climate: Jazmurian basin with 1258 (km2) in an arid climate, Khorramabad watershed white 2467 (km2) in a semi-arid climate and Talar watershed white 2057 climate in semi-humid climate. To this purpose, maps land use, soil, digital elevation model, and meteorological data in daily step collected from many stations for each region. After running the SWAT model, the calibration and validation model did whit SUFI2 algorithm. Performance models were assessed with statistical coefficients NS, R2 and bR2. The results showed that the values of these coefficients in Jazmurian basin is 0.56, 0.54 and 0.20, in Khorramabad watershed is 0.68, 0.72 and 0.32 respectively and in Talar watershed is 0.64 0.66 and 0.31 respectively. Overall, the results showed that the SWAT model performance in Talar watershed is higher than the other watersheds.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48905175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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