Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66366
M. Gholamnia, R. Khandan, A. D. Boloorani, S. Hamzeh, M. Gharaylou, S. Duan, S. K. A. Panah
Diurnal air temperature modeling is a beneficial experimental and mathematical approach which can be used in many fields related to Geosciences. The modeling and spatio-temporal analysis of air Diurnal Temperature Cycle (DTC) was conducted using data obtained from 105 synoptic stations in Iran during the years 2013-2014 for the first time; the key variable for controlling the cosine term in DTC modeling known as β was analyzed and considered both as monthly and annual parameter. The effect of environmental variables of humidity, pressure, diurnal air temperature range, and wind speed were analyzed on β. The results showed that there is no significant difference between considering β as monthly (dynamic) or annual (constant) parameter through the year. The RMSE of approach with dynamic β was 2.1 °C and with constant 2.2 °C at 95% percent of whole data in all stations. The analysis of environmental variables showed that humidity had an indirect effect on β. Low pressure areas showed higher β values but high pressure areas showed higher variability in β and lower mean values. In areas with high air diurnal temperature range, lower β values with less standard deviation were observed. High wind areas showed positive effect on β values.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal analysis of diurnal air temperature parameterization in Weather Stations over Iran","authors":"M. Gholamnia, R. Khandan, A. D. Boloorani, S. Hamzeh, M. Gharaylou, S. Duan, S. K. A. Panah","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66366","url":null,"abstract":"Diurnal air temperature modeling is a beneficial experimental and mathematical approach which can be used in many fields related to Geosciences. The modeling and spatio-temporal analysis of air Diurnal Temperature Cycle (DTC) was conducted using data obtained from 105 synoptic stations in Iran during the years 2013-2014 for the first time; the key variable for controlling the cosine term in DTC modeling known as β was analyzed and considered both as monthly and annual parameter. The effect of environmental variables of humidity, pressure, diurnal air temperature range, and wind speed were analyzed on β. The results showed that there is no significant difference between considering β as monthly (dynamic) or annual (constant) parameter through the year. The RMSE of approach with dynamic β was 2.1 °C and with constant 2.2 °C at 95% percent of whole data in all stations. The analysis of environmental variables showed that humidity had an indirect effect on β. Low pressure areas showed higher β values but high pressure areas showed higher variability in β and lower mean values. In areas with high air diurnal temperature range, lower β values with less standard deviation were observed. High wind areas showed positive effect on β values.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42026408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66370
A. Goudie
In drylands, both dust storms and ephemeral salt lakes (playas) are common. Observations using remote sensing and ground studies have shown that these playas can be major sources of saline dust storms. Some basins have recently become desiccated as a result of water abstraction by humans, and these have become significant sources of dust. The timing and amounts of dust emissions depends on such factors as rainfall and drought events, the availability of sediment, and the nature of surface crust materials.
{"title":"Dust storms and ephemeral lakes","authors":"A. Goudie","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66370","url":null,"abstract":"In drylands, both dust storms and ephemeral salt lakes (playas) are common. Observations using remote sensing and ground studies have shown that these playas can be major sources of saline dust storms. Some basins have recently become desiccated as a result of water abstraction by humans, and these have become significant sources of dust. The timing and amounts of dust emissions depends on such factors as rainfall and drought events, the availability of sediment, and the nature of surface crust materials.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45188587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66367
S. Ghadiri, M. Farpoor, M. H. Mehrizi
Phytoremediation is a biological method to improve soils contaminated with heavy metals. The objective of the present research was to study the capability of Vetiver grass and Tall Fescue in refining and reducing pollution of Cd, Cu and Zn from contaminated soils. The research was implemented in greenhouse during two separate tests (Vetiver grass and Tall Fescue) in a completely randomized design including seven levels of pollution (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg kg-1 soil) from three heavy metal types (Cd, Cu and Zn) in three replications. The effects of different levels of heavy metals on the growth characteristics (fresh and dry weights) of Vetiver were not significant. Besides, the effect of cadmium levels on shoot dry weight, the effect of Zn levels on shoot fresh and dry weights and the effect of Cu levels on shoot and root fresh and dry weights in Fescue were not significant compared to the control treatment. The maximum Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in Vetiver related to 800 mg kg-1 treatment were found as 591, 298 and 356 mg kg-1. The maximum content of Cd (96 mg kg-1), Cu (27 mg kg-1) and Zn (37 mg kg-1) in Fescue was also measured at soils polluted with 800 mg kg-1. Among different pollution treatments, Cd had the highest uptake and accumulation rate in shoot and root of plants. The results showed the higher capability of Vetiver compared to Fescue for remediation of environments contaminated with heavy metals especially Cd in Iran.
{"title":"Phytoremediation of soils polluted by heavy metals using Vetiver grass and Tall Fescue","authors":"S. Ghadiri, M. Farpoor, M. H. Mehrizi","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66367","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoremediation is a biological method to improve soils contaminated with heavy metals. The objective of the present research was to study the capability of Vetiver grass and Tall Fescue in refining and reducing pollution of Cd, Cu and Zn from contaminated soils. The research was implemented in greenhouse during two separate tests (Vetiver grass and Tall Fescue) in a completely randomized design including seven levels of pollution (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg kg-1 soil) from three heavy metal types (Cd, Cu and Zn) in three replications. The effects of different levels of heavy metals on the growth characteristics (fresh and dry weights) of Vetiver were not significant. Besides, the effect of cadmium levels on shoot dry weight, the effect of Zn levels on shoot fresh and dry weights and the effect of Cu levels on shoot and root fresh and dry weights in Fescue were not significant compared to the control treatment. The maximum Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in Vetiver related to 800 mg kg-1 treatment were found as 591, 298 and 356 mg kg-1. The maximum content of Cd (96 mg kg-1), Cu (27 mg kg-1) and Zn (37 mg kg-1) in Fescue was also measured at soils polluted with 800 mg kg-1. Among different pollution treatments, Cd had the highest uptake and accumulation rate in shoot and root of plants. The results showed the higher capability of Vetiver compared to Fescue for remediation of environments contaminated with heavy metals especially Cd in Iran.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46546741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66357
M. Rahmati, N. Hamzehpour
Data reduction is used to aggregate or amalgamate the large data sets into smaller and manageable information pieces in order to fast and accurate classification of different attributes. However, excessive spatial or spectral data reduction may result in losing or masking important radiometric information. Therefore, we conducted this research to evaluate the effectiveness of the different spectral data reduction algorithms including Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation, Pixel Purity Index (PPI), and n Dimensional Visualizer (n-DV) algorithms on accuracy of the supervised classification of the salt-affected soils applying ETM+ data beside 188 ground control points. Results revealed that data reduction caused around 20 to 30 % decreases in classification results compared to none reduced data. It seems that applying spectral data reduction algorithm in small study areas is not only supportive, but also has negative effects on classification results. Therefore, it may better to not to use the algorithms in small areas.
{"title":"Effectiveness of spectral data reduction in detection of salt-affected soils in a small study area","authors":"M. Rahmati, N. Hamzehpour","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66357","url":null,"abstract":"Data reduction is used to aggregate or amalgamate the large data sets into smaller and manageable information pieces in order to fast and accurate classification of different attributes. However, excessive spatial or spectral data reduction may result in losing or masking important radiometric information. Therefore, we conducted this research to evaluate the effectiveness of the different spectral data reduction algorithms including Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation, Pixel Purity Index (PPI), and n Dimensional Visualizer (n-DV) algorithms on accuracy of the supervised classification of the salt-affected soils applying ETM+ data beside 188 ground control points. Results revealed that data reduction caused around 20 to 30 % decreases in classification results compared to none reduced data. It seems that applying spectral data reduction algorithm in small study areas is not only supportive, but also has negative effects on classification results. Therefore, it may better to not to use the algorithms in small areas.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45181886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.22059/jdesert.2018.66345
M. Heshmati, M. Gheitoury, M. Hosseini, M. Arabkhedri, Y. Parvizi
The forest soils are the key parts of the Earth system that are globally degraded through anthrop induced deforestation, mainly converting to other landuses. The present study was conducted in Gazafolya village located in Merek watershed, Kermanshah, Iran, in which the soil quality of the forest and converted forest (rainfed lands) with the same topographic and geologic conditions were compared. To achieve the study purposes, soil sampling was carried out from the surface soil layers (0-20 cm) at the forest and its adjacent rainfed lands and analyzed in the lab. The data were described and geo-statistically analyzed using the SAS and GS+ softwares. The findings showed that there is no significant difference between soil fractions (sand, silt and clay) in two studied land uses. Bulk density (BD) in the forest and rainfed lands were 1.26and 1.32 gr-1cm-3 respectively, indicating significant (p<0.5%) higher level in the rainfed lands. Soil aggregate stability (SA) in the forest and rainfed lands were 63.62 and 52.65 %, respectively showing significant (p<0.5%) lower value in the rainfed lands mainly due to tillage practice. The results also showed that there were no significant differences between soil pH in forest and rainfed lands. It turns out that AS and BD were more imposed by converting forest to rainfed lands compared to the other soil characteristics.
{"title":"Effects of converting forest to the rainfed lands on soil characteristics in a part of Zagros forests","authors":"M. Heshmati, M. Gheitoury, M. Hosseini, M. Arabkhedri, Y. Parvizi","doi":"10.22059/jdesert.2018.66345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/jdesert.2018.66345","url":null,"abstract":"The forest soils are the key parts of the Earth system that are globally degraded through anthrop induced deforestation, mainly converting to other landuses. The present study was conducted in Gazafolya village located in Merek watershed, Kermanshah, Iran, in which the soil quality of the forest and converted forest (rainfed lands) with the same topographic and geologic conditions were compared. To achieve the study purposes, soil sampling was carried out from the surface soil layers (0-20 cm) at the forest and its adjacent rainfed lands and analyzed in the lab. The data were described and geo-statistically analyzed using the SAS and GS+ softwares. The findings showed that there is no significant difference between soil fractions (sand, silt and clay) in two studied land uses. Bulk density (BD) in the forest and rainfed lands were 1.26and 1.32 gr-1cm-3 respectively, indicating significant (p<0.5%) higher level in the rainfed lands. Soil aggregate stability (SA) in the forest and rainfed lands were 63.62 and 52.65 %, respectively showing significant (p<0.5%) lower value in the rainfed lands mainly due to tillage practice. The results also showed that there were no significant differences between soil pH in forest and rainfed lands. It turns out that AS and BD were more imposed by converting forest to rainfed lands compared to the other soil characteristics.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47918198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66342
Hakimzadeh, A. Vahdati
Current study monitored Electerical Conductivity (EC) as soil salinity index and Organic Matter (OM) in the area of Harat in Yazd, Iran, through remote sensing technology with high spatial and spectral resolution. The images were selected from IRS, LISS III satellites between the years 2008 and 2012. After preprocessing and analyzing the images, the relationship between parameters of (EC) and (OM) spectral reflections were determined, and both two-satellite images were classified using maximum likelihood method. Results showed that during the period (2008-2012) organic matter content of all farmlands increased and the area of saline land decreased. This trend showed that agriculture activities help reduction of desertification. Accuracy classification and coefficient kappa obtained for salinity map in 2008 were equal to 82% and 0.73, and in 2012, were equal to 84% and 0.70 respectively. Accuracy of classification and coefficient kappa obtained for Organic matter map in 2008 were equal to 85.5% and 0.76 and in 2012, were equal to 84% and 0.74 respectively. This research indicates that remote sensing data, especially IRS-LissIIIimages, have high efficiency for detection of soil salinity and organic matter changes and natural resources management.
{"title":"Monitoring of organic matter and soil salinity by using IRS - LissIII satellite data in the Harat plain, of Yazd province","authors":"Hakimzadeh, A. Vahdati","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66342","url":null,"abstract":"Current study monitored Electerical Conductivity (EC) as soil salinity index and Organic Matter (OM) in the area of Harat in Yazd, Iran, through remote sensing technology with high spatial and spectral resolution. The images were selected from IRS, LISS III satellites between the years 2008 and 2012. After preprocessing and analyzing the images, the relationship between parameters of (EC) and (OM) spectral reflections were determined, and both two-satellite images were classified using maximum likelihood method. Results showed that during the period (2008-2012) organic matter content of all farmlands increased and the area of saline land decreased. This trend showed that agriculture activities help reduction of desertification. Accuracy classification and coefficient kappa obtained for salinity map in 2008 were equal to 82% and 0.73, and in 2012, were equal to 84% and 0.70 respectively. Accuracy of classification and coefficient kappa obtained for Organic matter map in 2008 were equal to 85.5% and 0.76 and in 2012, were equal to 84% and 0.74 respectively. This research indicates that remote sensing data, especially IRS-LissIIIimages, have high efficiency for detection of soil salinity and organic matter changes and natural resources management.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48434673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66349
D. Akhzari, N. Kalantari, S. Mahdavi
As an herbaceous, perennial, and evergreen plant, Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) can be used for the improvement and development of arid and semi-arid rangelands. To assess the interaction effect of organic and biological fertilizers on the growth and physiological traits of Vetiver grass, the dry weight of shoots and roots, essential oils, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and proline content were measured. A completely randomized design in factorial layout with three replications was performed in Malayer University’s greenhouse in 2016. The treatments were mycorrhizal fungi on two inoculated (M1) and non-inoculated (M2) levels and vermicompost organic fertilizer in six levelsof (0) (control), 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80% (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6), which were added to each pot. The results showed that the interaction between different levels of vermicompost and mycorrhiza had a significant (P<0.05) effect on quantitative and qualitative traits of the plants. According to the results, the highest leaf dry weight was seen in VC6M1 treatment and the highest root dry weight wasobserved in VC5M2 and VC6M2 treatments. The highest percentage of essential oil content was observed in VC2M1 and VC5M2 treatments. It was also observed that in the control level of vermicompost and mycorrhizae treatment (VC1M2), the presence of proline index rose to its highest level. The maximum amount of chlorophyll a and carotenoid was seen in VC3M2treatment while the maximum percentage of chlorophyll b was observed in VC2M2 treatment.
{"title":"Studying the effects of mycorrhiza and vermicompost fertilizers on the growth and physiological traits of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.)","authors":"D. Akhzari, N. Kalantari, S. Mahdavi","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66349","url":null,"abstract":"As an herbaceous, perennial, and evergreen plant, Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) can be used for the improvement and development of arid and semi-arid rangelands. To assess the interaction effect of organic and biological fertilizers on the growth and physiological traits of Vetiver grass, the dry weight of shoots and roots, essential oils, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and proline content were measured. A completely randomized design in factorial layout with three replications was performed in Malayer University’s greenhouse in 2016. The treatments were mycorrhizal fungi on two inoculated (M1) and non-inoculated (M2) levels and vermicompost organic fertilizer in six levelsof (0) (control), 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80% (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6), which were added to each pot. The results showed that the interaction between different levels of vermicompost and mycorrhiza had a significant (P<0.05) effect on quantitative and qualitative traits of the plants. According to the results, the highest leaf dry weight was seen in VC6M1 treatment and the highest root dry weight wasobserved in VC5M2 and VC6M2 treatments. The highest percentage of essential oil content was observed in VC2M1 and VC5M2 treatments. It was also observed that in the control level of vermicompost and mycorrhizae treatment (VC1M2), the presence of proline index rose to its highest level. The maximum amount of chlorophyll a and carotenoid was seen in VC3M2treatment while the maximum percentage of chlorophyll b was observed in VC2M2 treatment.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48788861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66369
F. Amiraslani, D. Dragovich, A. Caiserman
Desertification was recognized in Iran several decades ago. This phenomenon has gradually affected half the provinces in the country, where droughts exacerbate problems in these drylands. In response, the government has been active in providing considerable funds and human resources to halt desertification through investing in national research and executive projects over the last fifty years. Iran is an excellent case study at the global level for assessing anti-desertification and associated cost-benefit aspects as its climate, society and environment are very similar to the other 17 developing countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. In addition, the country has fifty years of experience in anti-desertification activities which have improved livelihoods through dry-farming, animal husbandry, fisheries, bee-keeping, and market gardening, leading to reverse migration from urban areas to stabilized rural areas. Based on several reliable national reports and case studies as well as two international datasets, an exploratory evaluation is provided for the monetary value of benefits from Iran’s anti-desertification programs. The pivotal premise of the paper is based on the economic valuation of preserved infrastructure and ecosystem services as a result of implementation of anti-desertification plans. Although a cost/benefit analysis was not applied to human resources, this paper also considered other indirect benefits to anti-desertification plans including job creation, improved health conditions, and increased levels of agricultural and industrial activity. This cost/benefit evaluation of anti-desertification programs in Iran is estimated to provide a high and positive contribution equivalent to about 3.75% of the country’s annual GDP.
{"title":"A long-term cost-benefit analysis of national anti-desertification plans in Iran","authors":"F. Amiraslani, D. Dragovich, A. Caiserman","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66369","url":null,"abstract":"Desertification was recognized in Iran several decades ago. This phenomenon has gradually affected half the provinces in the country, where droughts exacerbate problems in these drylands. In response, the government has been active in providing considerable funds and human resources to halt desertification through investing in national research and executive projects over the last fifty years. Iran is an excellent case study at the global level for assessing anti-desertification and associated cost-benefit aspects as its climate, society and environment are very similar to the other 17 developing countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. In addition, the country has fifty years of experience in anti-desertification activities which have improved livelihoods through dry-farming, animal husbandry, fisheries, bee-keeping, and market gardening, leading to reverse migration from urban areas to stabilized rural areas. Based on several reliable national reports and case studies as well as two international datasets, an exploratory evaluation is provided for the monetary value of benefits from Iran’s anti-desertification programs. The pivotal premise of the paper is based on the economic valuation of preserved infrastructure and ecosystem services as a result of implementation of anti-desertification plans. Although a cost/benefit analysis was not applied to human resources, this paper also considered other indirect benefits to anti-desertification plans including job creation, improved health conditions, and increased levels of agricultural and industrial activity. This cost/benefit evaluation of anti-desertification programs in Iran is estimated to provide a high and positive contribution equivalent to about 3.75% of the country’s annual GDP.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41811178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66368
M. J. Nematolahi, S. Kaboli, M. Yazdani, Y. Mohammadi
One of the goals of the International Carbon Sequestration Project in South Khorasan Province is to study the sustainability of natural resources, especially in the rehabilitated areas, by reducing the reliance of villagers to the natural resources of the region, creating alternative livelihoods with job empowerment and solving the problems of villagers in the region, especially rural women. The purpose of this study was to predict the rural women’ empowerment who received microcredits during the project. The research was done through a descriptive-correlational method. Statistical sample includes 188 rural women who were members of the microcredit Fund. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by panel of research committee experts and the reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient to 0.95. The results of study showed that there is positively a significant correlation between rural women empowerment and variables of Membership Years, Loan Amount, and Loan adequacy, Age, Literacy Level and Income per month. But rural women empowerment could be predicted by three variables of Loan adequacy, Literacy Level and women Age. Also, Loan adequacy was known as the most powerful predictor of rural women empowerment. Given the positive impact of microcredits on rural women empowerment, as well as rural women empowerment to reduce pressure on ecosystems and improve carbon sequestration, it is proposed to increase the microcredit program and its amount.
{"title":"Prediction of Rural Women Empowerment receiving Microcredits through Carbon Sequestration Project (CSP) in South Khorasan Province (Iran)","authors":"M. J. Nematolahi, S. Kaboli, M. Yazdani, Y. Mohammadi","doi":"10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66368","url":null,"abstract":"One of the goals of the International Carbon Sequestration Project in South Khorasan Province is to study the sustainability of natural resources, especially in the rehabilitated areas, by reducing the reliance of villagers to the natural resources of the region, creating alternative livelihoods with job empowerment and solving the problems of villagers in the region, especially rural women. The purpose of this study was to predict the rural women’ empowerment who received microcredits during the project. The research was done through a descriptive-correlational method. Statistical sample includes 188 rural women who were members of the microcredit Fund. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by panel of research committee experts and the reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient to 0.95. The results of study showed that there is positively a significant correlation between rural women empowerment and variables of Membership Years, Loan Amount, and Loan adequacy, Age, Literacy Level and Income per month. But rural women empowerment could be predicted by three variables of Loan adequacy, Literacy Level and women Age. Also, Loan adequacy was known as the most powerful predictor of rural women empowerment. Given the positive impact of microcredits on rural women empowerment, as well as rural women empowerment to reduce pressure on ecosystems and improve carbon sequestration, it is proposed to increase the microcredit program and its amount.","PeriodicalId":11118,"journal":{"name":"Desert","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45632143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2018.66346
A. Jahanshahi, K. Shahedi
Drought as a natural phenomenon characterized by a significant decrease of water availability during a period of time and over a large area. In recent years, droughts and its frequent in arid and semi-arid regions like Iran on the one hand, and water demand has been rising on the other hand and, as a result, their impacts are being aggravated. Therefore, the meteorological and hydrological droughts are receiving much more attention. This research focused on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) and Groundwater Resources Index (GRI) to investigate the correlation between these indices and overlapping periods of 3 to 48-months in the centeral Iran over the period of 1970–1971 to 2014–2015. Furthermore, the driest year based on the SPI were 2007–2008 and 2011-2012, while they were detected to be 1999–2000 and 2003-2004 based on the SDI and GRI, respectively. The decreasing time series trends using Spearman’s rho and Kendall’s tau tests were more evident for the all three indices at most of the years. SPI on time scales of 18, 24 and 48-months, with SDI and GRI showed a significant relationship in 0.01 and 0.05 percent levels that it can be confirmed directly affected by a groundwater drought in the plains. The Spearman correlation analysis indicated a strong correlation between SPI on time intervals of 18, 24 and 48-months, with SDI and GRI that showed a significant relationship in 0.01 and 0.05 percent levels that it can be confirmed directly affected by a groundwater drought in the plain. In general, the results showed that the study area suffered from the meteorological drought more than the other two types of droughts. Moreover, the results revealed that the study area has become drier over the last three decades.
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