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Need for evaluation of near-term energy transition policies of India based on contri­butions to long-term decarbonization goals 根据对长期脱碳目标的贡献评估印度近期能源转型政策的必要性
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i11/1309-1316
R. Grover
India faces twin challenges of meeting the rising energy demands of a developing economy and ensuring an economy-wide low-carbon transition to stay on track with its decarbonization goal leading to a net zero energy mix by 2070. As emissions from the use of fossil fuels remain the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the country, a massive restructuring of the energy sector is needed. This requires integrated planning across all sectors, and the harnessing of all low-carbon energy technologies and emission reduction mechanisms so that affordable and reliable energy is available to everyone during the process of transition and after achieving net zero. This article examines the future energy requirements and surveys a wide range of studies to make recommendations for policy formulation.
印度面临着双重挑战,一方面要满足发展中经济体不断增长的能源需求,另一方面要确保整个经济向低碳转型,以实现到2070年实现净零能源结构的脱碳目标。由于使用化石燃料产生的排放仍然是该国温室气体排放的最大来源,因此需要对能源部门进行大规模重组。这需要对所有部门进行综合规划,并利用所有低碳能源技术和减排机制,以便在转型过程中和实现净零排放之后,每个人都能获得负担得起的可靠能源。本文探讨了未来的能源需求,并调查了广泛的研究,为政策制定提出建议。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding dietary differences in Indian dugongs through opportunistic gut sampling of stranded individuals 通过对搁浅个体的肠道取样了解印度儒艮的饮食差异
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1259-1264
Sumitra Prajapati, Chinmaya Ghanekar, Sameeha Pathan, Rukmini Shekar, K. Magesh, Swapnali Gole, Srabani Bose, S. Iyer, A. Pande, K. Sivakumar, J. A. Johnson
We analysed gut samples of stranded dugongs from Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, India, to understand their die - tary preferences. We quantified seagrass fragments from the gut as leaf, stem and rhizome, and identified leaf fragments up to genera level by their morphological features and epidermal cell characteristics using an inverted microscope. The overall abundance of above-ground fragments (leaf, stem) was higher in all samples , which may suggest the dugongs use a cropping mechanism to forage. The ingested seagrass generic diversity was higher in Tamil Nadu ( n = 5) dugong individuals than those in Gujarat ( n = 2). A total of five genera were recorded from all samples, viz. Halophila spp., Halodule spp., Cymodocea spp., Enhalus sp. and Syringodium spp. In Tamil Nadu, Cymodocea spp. (46.24%) was the most dominant, followed by Halophila spp. (26.49%), Syringodium spp. (14.83%) and Halodule spp. (12.16%), with a low occurrence of Enhalus spp. (0.19%). In Gujarat, Halodule spp. (61.48%) was the most dominant, followed by Halophila spp. (30.20%). The recorded plastic and wood fragments suggest fine spatial scale threat mapping in dugong habitats.
我们分析了来自印度泰米尔纳德邦和古吉拉特邦的搁浅儒艮的肠道样本,以了解它们的死亡偏好。我们将肠道海草碎片量化为叶片、茎和根茎,并利用倒置显微镜对叶片碎片的形态特征和表皮细胞特征进行了属级鉴定。在所有样本中,地上碎片(叶、茎)的总体丰度都较高,这可能表明儒艮采用了一种种植机制来觅食。泰米尔纳德邦(n = 5)儒艮的海草属多样性高于古特拉邦(n = 2),所有样本共记录到5个属,分别为Halophila spp、Halodule spp、Cymodocea spp、Enhalus spp和Syringodium spp,其中泰米尔纳德邦以Cymodocea spp(46.24%)最占优势,其次为Halophila spp(26.49%)、Syringodium spp(14.83%)和Halodule spp (12.16%), Enhalus spp的发生率较低(0.19%)。古吉拉特邦以Halodule属(61.48%)和Halophila属(30.20%)为优势种。记录的塑料和木材碎片显示了儒艮栖息地精细的空间尺度威胁映射。
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引用次数: 0
Irrigation water policies for sustainable groundwater management in irrigated north­western plains of India 印度西北灌溉平原地下水可持续管理的灌溉用水政策
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1225-1231
P. Chand, Jitender Singh, J. Sachdeva, J. Singh, Priyanka Agarwal, Rajni Jain, Sulakshana Rao, Baljinder Kaur
Increasing global water shortage emphasizes the need for demand-side water management policies, especially in the agriculture sector, being the largest consumer of freshwater. Such policies are relevant in India, where groundwater depletion may have severe implications at various socio-economic levels. In this study, using mathematical modelling, we assess the feasibility of two alternative irrigation water pricing policies – (i) uniform water pricing policy and (ii) differentiated water pricing policy, wherein farmers growing less water-requiring crops (<4488 m 3 /ha) get an incentive for saving water, while those growing water-intensive crops pay for it. Using a case study of Punjab, the breadbasket and one of the fastest groundwater-depleting states in India, alternative cropping patterns are also suggested. The findings reveal that the current rate of groundwater withdrawal could not sustain agricultural intensification in the state. Although optimization of resource allocation has the potential to save water by 8%, this alone is unlikely to break the rice–wheat mono-cropping pattern in Punjab. The analysis of two different volumetric irrigation water pricing policies shows that differentiated water pricing would be more effective in halting groundwater depletion in the state. However, adequate investment in irrigation water supply infrastructure, mainly for installing water meters, is required to implement the policy.
日益严重的全球水资源短缺强调需要需求方的水管理政策,特别是在作为淡水最大消费者的农业部门。这种政策适用于印度,因为印度的地下水枯竭可能对社会经济各阶层产生严重影响。在本研究中,我们使用数学模型,评估了两种替代灌溉水价政策的可行性——(i)统一水价政策和(ii)差异化水价政策,其中种植较少用水作物(<4488立方米/公顷)的农民获得节水激励,而种植水密集型作物的农民则为此付出代价。通过对印度的粮仓和地下水消耗最快的邦之一旁遮普邦的案例研究,还提出了替代的种植模式。研究结果表明,目前的地下水抽取速度无法维持该邦的农业集约化。尽管优化资源配置有可能节约8%的水资源,但单凭这一点不太可能打破旁遮普稻麦单作模式。对两种不同的容积灌溉水价政策的分析表明,差别水价在遏制该州地下水枯竭方面更为有效。然而,要实施这一政策,需要对灌溉供水基础设施进行足够的投资,主要是安装水表。
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引用次数: 0
A cross-taxonomic comparison of bird and butterfly communities of Tamhini Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra, India, spanning two decades 20年来印度马哈拉施特拉邦Tamhini野生动物保护区鸟类和蝴蝶群落的跨分类比较
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1253-1258
Shawn Dsouza, A. Padhye
Human disturbance can alter the structure and function of ecological communities. We studied the bird and but-terfly communities of Tamhini Wildlife Sanctuary, Maha-rashtra, India, to understand the effects of changing land use and management in two decades. We replicated a previous study conducted between 1998 and 2001; sampling seven line transects every fortnight between April 2016 and April 2017. Species diversity increased for both taxa, and community composition was significantly different across studies. Generalist species witnessed a maximum increase in diversity, while some specialist guilds declined. While this study is limited in spatial scale, we highlight the effects of local changes in land use and management across trophic levels and the cascading effects on ecosystem function.
人为干扰可以改变生态群落的结构和功能。我们研究了印度Maha-rashtra的Tamhini野生动物保护区的鸟类和蝴蝶群落,以了解20年来土地利用和管理变化的影响。我们重复了之前在1998年至2001年间进行的一项研究;在2016年4月至2017年4月期间,每两周采样7条线。两类群物种多样性均有所增加,群落组成差异显著。通才物种的多样性增加最多,而一些专业物种的多样性则有所下降。虽然本研究限于空间尺度,但我们强调了土地利用和管理的局部变化在营养水平上的影响以及对生态系统功能的级联效应。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of defoliation on tree growth of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh in India 落叶对三角杨树生长的影响。印度前马什
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1268-1273
Arvind Kumar, J. Kumar, Girish Chandra
T o assess the impact of artificial leaf defoliation of Populus deltoides on its different growth parameters, a study was conducted on G-48 clone under field condition and four defoliation treatments, i.e. 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, were done in addition to control. Defoliation pattern was simulated with insect defoliator Clostera spp. feeding and the experiment was conducted from July to December. Significant variation was observed in tree height and DBH growth loss in all the treatments with respect to control, and 24.16–66.03% volume increment loss was observed under 25–100% leaf defoliation respectively.
为了评价人工落叶对三角杨生长参数的影响,在大田条件下,以G-48无性株为研究对象,在对照的基础上,分别进行25%、50%、75%和100%的落叶处理。7 ~ 12月,采用昆虫采食Clostera spp模拟落叶模式。与对照相比,各处理的树高和胸径损失均有显著变化,25 ~ 100%落叶处理的体积增量损失分别为24.16 ~ 66.03%。
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引用次数: 0
Semantic data model for knowledge representation and dissemination of cultural heritage site, Poompuhar 文化遗址知识表达与传播的语义数据模型,普普哈尔
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1237-1245
M. Lissa, V. Bhuvaneswari, T. Devi, J. S. Kumar, R. Rajeswari
Among the ancient cities and ports of Tamil Nadu, India, Poompuhar is a historical and coastal port that emerged with the increasing maritime trade of the early Chola kingdom. The ancient trade town and the busy port of Poompuhar symbolize the Tamil culture and civilization up to 200 CE . The city was destroyed and washed away by big shore waves during AD 500. The submerged parts and scattered destruction remains have been identified in onshore and offshore excavations around the coastal lines of the Bay of Bengal in Tamil Nadu. Information on the port city can be found in various sources, such as archaeological evidence, historical references, coastal erosion data and Sangam Tamil literature. Here, a methodology is pre-sented for a semantic representation of Poompuhar port city, integrating heterogeneous data to create a knowledge base by mapping and associating related entities. The knowledge base has been created using CIDOC CRM to represent Poompuhar events digitally. The experimental results of the ontology are verified exploring the submergence of Poompuhar use cases for onshore and offshore excavations through a knowledge graph.
在印度泰米尔纳德邦的古代城市和港口中,普姆普哈尔是一个历史悠久的沿海港口,随着早期乔拉王国海上贸易的增加而出现。古老的贸易城镇和繁忙的港口普姆普哈尔象征着公元200年的泰米尔文化和文明。公元500年,这座城市被巨大的海岸海浪摧毁并冲走。在泰米尔纳德邦孟加拉湾海岸线附近的陆上和海上挖掘中,已经确定了淹没的部分和散落的破坏遗骸。关于这个港口城市的信息可以从各种来源找到,例如考古证据、历史参考资料、海岸侵蚀数据和Sangam泰米尔文学。本文提出了一种普普哈尔港口城市语义表示的方法,通过映射和关联相关实体,集成异构数据创建知识库。使用CIDOC CRM创建了知识库,以数字方式表示Poompuhar事件。对本体的实验结果进行了验证,通过知识图谱探索了岸上和海上挖掘的Poompuhar用例的淹没。
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引用次数: 0
Does adoption of improved agricultural practices reduce production costs? Empirical evidence from Bundelkhand region, Uttar Pradesh, India 采用改良的农业做法能降低生产成本吗?来自印度北方邦本德尔坎德地区的经验证据
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1232-1236
B. Choudhary, Purushottam Sharma, M. Choudhary, Sunil Kumar, R. Dwivedi, H. S. Mahesha, S. K. Singh, S. Dubey
The present study assessed the effect of improved agricultural technologies disseminated under the ambitious Farmer FIRST Programme on production costs of major crops in Bundelkhand region, Uttar Pradesh, India. The findings show that the average real cost during 2017–18 to 2020–21 declined, leading to an increase in the net return to cost ratio from farming. Technological interventions at the farmer’s field resulted in a gradual decline in the share of seed, fertilizer and plant protection chemicals in the cost of cultivation. The price elasticity of factors, estimated by fitting the translog function, suggests that policies for controlling input price inflation, particularly wage rate, will be imperative in reducing the cost of farming. The results on the elasticity of technical substitution between labour and machinery highlight the need for devising suitable farm mechanization strategies which may be affordable in the small farm situation as well. The panel data estimate of negative cost elasticity of yield indicates that productivity growth plays a vital role in absorbing the increase in production cost.
本研究评估了在雄心勃勃的“农民优先”计划下传播的改良农业技术对印度北方邦本德尔坎德地区主要作物生产成本的影响。研究结果表明,2017-18年至2020-21年期间的平均实际成本下降,导致农业净成本回报率上升。农民田间的技术干预使种子、肥料和植保化学品在种植成本中所占的份额逐渐下降。通过拟合超对数函数估算的要素价格弹性表明,控制投入价格通胀(尤其是工资率)的政策对于降低农业成本至关重要。关于劳动力和机器之间技术替代弹性的结果突出表明,有必要设计适合的农业机械化战略,这种战略在小农场情况下也可以负担得起。对产量负成本弹性的面板数据估计表明,生产率增长对吸收生产成本的增加起着至关重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Topology-based protein–protein interaction analysis of oral cancer proteins 基于拓扑的口腔癌蛋白-蛋白相互作用分析
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1216-1224
Keerti Yadav, A. K. Singh
Oral cancer is a common type of head and neck cancer that affects majority of the population worldwide. The present study focuses on the network-based protein– protein interaction (PPI) approach for the identification of oral cancer targets and systems biology approach-based analysis. Totally 47 oral cancer gene targets were extracted from the BioXpress database, Oral Cancer Gene Database and HNC database. The related protein networks were explored and visualized using Cytoscape v3.7.2. Topology predictions were performed by Molecular Complex Detection tool and Biological Networks Gene Ontology tool (BiNGO) plug-in from Cytoscape v3.7.2. The comprehensive study using MCODE are three clusters of 15 common oral cancer genes. The predicted proteins were GSK-3 β , PKM, Catenin- β 1, Tp53, SMAD-3, MYC, LDHA, HIF1- α , PDPK-1, AKT3, PIK3CA, ILK, UBC, E2F1 and SKP. The 15 oral cancer genes with their significant P -value < 0.05 are responsible for the development of oral cancer. These 15 proteins obtained from network-based interaction analysis can be a potential solution of anti-cancer drug molecules against multiple targets of oral cancer.
口腔癌是一种常见的头颈部癌症,影响着全世界大多数人口。目前的研究重点是基于网络的蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)方法用于口腔癌靶点的识别和基于系统生物学方法的分析。从BioXpress数据库、口腔癌基因数据库和HNC数据库中共提取47个口腔癌基因靶点。使用Cytoscape v3.7.2对相关蛋白网络进行了探索和可视化。拓扑预测由Cytoscape v3.7.2中的分子复合物检测工具和生物网络基因本体工具(BiNGO)插件执行。使用MCODE对15个常见口腔癌基因进行了三组的综合研究。预测蛋白为GSK-3 β、PKM、Catenin- β 1、Tp53、SMAD-3、MYC、LDHA、HIF1- α、PDPK-1、AKT3、PIK3CA、ILK、UBC、E2F1和SKP。15个显著P值< 0.05的口腔癌基因与口腔癌的发生有关。通过网络相互作用分析获得的这15种蛋白可能是针对口腔癌多靶点的抗癌药物分子的潜在解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
3D surface visualization of planetary data using Indian remote sensing datasets on a specialized multiprojector system 在专门的多投影仪系统上使用印度遥感数据集实现行星数据的三维表面可视化
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1207-1215
Jai G. Singla
This article describes the software (SW) implementation work to generate and visualize 3D surface models over the Earth, Moon and Mars using high-resolution satellite datasets from Indian remote sensing satellites over a specialized multiprojector system. Varied resolution datasets from Indian satellites like Cartosat series, ResourceSat, Mars Orbiter Mission and Chandrayaan-1, and digital elevation model (DEM) from CartoDEM were used for surface modelling and visualization. The generated high-resolution 3D surface model over the Earth is useful for strategy, urban planning, infrastructural planning, disaster management and educational purposes. It is also important to visualize the 3D surface of planets other than the Earth to visualize potential rover landing sites navigating to prominent features of the planet and validating future imaging sites. An indigenous SW package has been developed to model and visualize the 3D surface over multiprojector system, utilizing image processing techniques of data interpolation
本文描述了软件(SW)的实现工作,该软件使用来自印度遥感卫星的高分辨率卫星数据集在专门的多投影仪系统上生成和可视化地球、月球和火星的3D表面模型。来自印度Cartosat系列、ResourceSat、Mars Orbiter Mission和Chandrayaan-1等卫星的不同分辨率数据集,以及来自CartoDEM的数字高程模型(DEM)用于地表建模和可视化。生成的地球上的高分辨率3D表面模型对战略、城市规划、基础设施规划、灾害管理和教育目的都很有用。可视化地球以外的行星的3D表面也很重要,可以可视化漫游车导航到行星突出特征的潜在着陆点,并验证未来的成像点。利用数据插值的图像处理技术,开发了一个本地的软件包,用于在多投影仪系统上建模和可视化3D表面
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引用次数: 0
A new species of Indian kino tree from the Early Eocene forests of northwestern India 印度西北部始新世早期森林中的一种印度基诺树新种
IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1264-1268
Ramanuj Patel, R. Rana, Taposhi Hazra, M. Khan
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引用次数: 1
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