Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1199-1206
Supriya Raja Harikumar, R. Janardhanan, G. Sreekanth
{"title":"Fish models in experimental pharmacology: on the mark or off the mark?","authors":"Supriya Raja Harikumar, R. Janardhanan, G. Sreekanth","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1199-1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1199-1206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83825278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1246-1252
W. J. Singha, G. Borah, H. Deka
{"title":"Physico-chemical, biological and heavy metal status of spent oil-contaminated soils in the vicinity of garages in and around Guwahati city, Assam, India","authors":"W. J. Singha, G. Borah, H. Deka","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1246-1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i10/1246-1252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74995492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1164-1169
A. Garg, Nimisha Khurana, Ananya Chugh, Kangna Verma, Vandana Malhotra
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the innate ability to adapt and survive the intracellular environments during infection. Two-component signalling (TCS) systems and serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinases facilitate metabolic and growth adaptation by directing transcri-ptomic reprogramming in response to environmental stimuli. Presently, little is known about the post-transla-tional regulation of TCS proteins through O- phosphorylation. Using the NetPhosBac 1.0 in silico tool, we screened components of M. tuberculosis TCS systems for potential Ser/Thr phosphosites. We report extensive Ser/Thr phosphorylation of sensor kinases and response regulator proteins, suggesting that it might be a distinct mechanism enabling the co-regulation of pathways impac-ting adaptive changes in mycobacterial growth and meta-bolism.
结核分枝杆菌在感染期间具有适应和存活细胞内环境的先天能力。双组分信号(TCS)系统和丝氨酸(Ser)/苏氨酸(Thr)蛋白激酶通过指导转录-情景重编程来响应环境刺激，促进代谢和生长适应。目前，对TCS蛋白通过O-磷酸化的翻译后调控知之甚少。使用NetPhosBac 1.0 in silico工具，我们筛选结核分枝杆菌TCS系统的组分，以寻找潜在的Ser/Thr磷酸位点。我们报道了传感器激酶和反应调节蛋白广泛的丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸化，这表明它可能是一种独特的机制，能够共同调节影响分枝杆菌生长和代谢适应性变化的途径。
{"title":"In silico evidence for extensive Ser/Thr phosphorylation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis two-component signalling systems","authors":"A. Garg, Nimisha Khurana, Ananya Chugh, Kangna Verma, Vandana Malhotra","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1164-1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1164-1169","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the innate ability to adapt and survive the intracellular environments during infection. Two-component signalling (TCS) systems and serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinases facilitate metabolic and growth adaptation by directing transcri-ptomic reprogramming in response to environmental stimuli. Presently, little is known about the post-transla-tional regulation of TCS proteins through O- phosphorylation. Using the NetPhosBac 1.0 in silico tool, we screened components of M. tuberculosis TCS systems for potential Ser/Thr phosphosites. We report extensive Ser/Thr phosphorylation of sensor kinases and response regulator proteins, suggesting that it might be a distinct mechanism enabling the co-regulation of pathways impac-ting adaptive changes in mycobacterial growth and meta-bolism.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87245527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1136-1141
P. Venkatasubbaiah, Y. Krishna, M. Kaledhonkar
{"title":"Soil properties, land use and livelihood options in salt-affected areas of YSR Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"P. Venkatasubbaiah, Y. Krishna, M. Kaledhonkar","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1136-1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1136-1141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80576939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1101-1106
Apoorva Veldandi, K. Babu, V. R. Naik, G. V. Sagar
{"title":"Individual and institutional factors influencing the research productivity of agricultural scientists","authors":"Apoorva Veldandi, K. Babu, V. R. Naik, G. V. Sagar","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1101-1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1101-1106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91125728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1142-1151
N. Geetha, R. Viswanathan, T. Ramasubramanian, K. Salin, C. Yogambal, P. Devi, S. Karthigeyan, N. Chitra
In this study, we report Phenacoccus saccharifolii (green) on sugarcane in Tamil Nadu, India, though an earlier un-reported isolated occurrence was observed by us in the farmers’ fields at Pugalur, Tamil Nadu. This pest has now become a major threat to sugarcane cultivation across the state as it can often kill the infested canes with or without the association of the fungal disease, pokkah boeng. Field observations revealed that the ratoon crop was affected more than the plant crop in the same locality. This species was found in large colonies, primarily between the –2 and +1 leaf of the sugarcane plant and hence, named as crown mealybug. Infestation leads to severe mottling in the leaf whorl and death of the central shoot. To the best of our knowledge, there are no earlier studies on the occurrence of this mealybug on Saccharum spontaneum L. Well-deve-loped colonies showed high activity of three encyrtid parasitoids, viz. Aenasius phenococci (Ashmead), Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) and Leptomastix dactylopii Howard in the areas surveyed.
{"title":"Phenacoccus saccharifolii (Green) (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) on sugarcane in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"N. Geetha, R. Viswanathan, T. Ramasubramanian, K. Salin, C. Yogambal, P. Devi, S. Karthigeyan, N. Chitra","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1142-1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1142-1151","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we report Phenacoccus saccharifolii (green) on sugarcane in Tamil Nadu, India, though an earlier un-reported isolated occurrence was observed by us in the farmers’ fields at Pugalur, Tamil Nadu. This pest has now become a major threat to sugarcane cultivation across the state as it can often kill the infested canes with or without the association of the fungal disease, pokkah boeng. Field observations revealed that the ratoon crop was affected more than the plant crop in the same locality. This species was found in large colonies, primarily between the –2 and +1 leaf of the sugarcane plant and hence, named as crown mealybug. Infestation leads to severe mottling in the leaf whorl and death of the central shoot. To the best of our knowledge, there are no earlier studies on the occurrence of this mealybug on Saccharum spontaneum L. Well-deve-loped colonies showed high activity of three encyrtid parasitoids, viz. Aenasius phenococci (Ashmead), Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) and Leptomastix dactylopii Howard in the areas surveyed.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82167760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1107-1116
Sharmili Banik, B. A. Kumar, L. Vanajakshi
Travel time reliability (TTR) is an important measure to quantify the variation in travel times. Currently, there is no single reliability metric appropriate across all locations, that is easily understandable and can be used to compare across facilities. Moreover, reliability analysis of facilities from developing countries is limited due to the non-availability of extensive data required for such an analysis. The present study addresses these gaps. It identifies a reliable data source for such analysis of heterogeneous, lane-less traffic, compares existing reliability measures for the data, highlights the advantages and disadvantages, proposes a measure that may be more suitable for such traffic with high variability, and finally illustrates how reliability analysis under such conditions can be done with limited data sources such as GPS-fitted transit vehicles. Using such commonly available data for traffic stream reliability analysis is the ultimate aim of this study. For valida-tion, stream travel time from Wi-Fi scanners is used. The study analyses the performance of various reliability measures and identifies the most suitable ones. Following this, a reliability measure, i.e. capacity buffer index (CBI), is developed to identify the unreliable congested regimes or periods, keeping time taken to travel at capacity conditions as the benchmark. From the results, it has been observed that CBI is in agreement with the real-field conditions in 94% of the cases, whereas it is 75% buffer time index. Finally, the feasibility of using bus probes to measure stream TTR is checked. Results show that bus probes can be an indicator of stream reliability and the developed measure can effectively capture the relationship between stream and bus TTR.
{"title":"Stream travel time reliability using GPS-equipped probe vehicles","authors":"Sharmili Banik, B. A. Kumar, L. Vanajakshi","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1107-1116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1107-1116","url":null,"abstract":"Travel time reliability (TTR) is an important measure to quantify the variation in travel times. Currently, there is no single reliability metric appropriate across all locations, that is easily understandable and can be used to compare across facilities. Moreover, reliability analysis of facilities from developing countries is limited due to the non-availability of extensive data required for such an analysis. The present study addresses these gaps. It identifies a reliable data source for such analysis of heterogeneous, lane-less traffic, compares existing reliability measures for the data, highlights the advantages and disadvantages, proposes a measure that may be more suitable for such traffic with high variability, and finally illustrates how reliability analysis under such conditions can be done with limited data sources such as GPS-fitted transit vehicles. Using such commonly available data for traffic stream reliability analysis is the ultimate aim of this study. For valida-tion, stream travel time from Wi-Fi scanners is used. The study analyses the performance of various reliability measures and identifies the most suitable ones. Following this, a reliability measure, i.e. capacity buffer index (CBI), is developed to identify the unreliable congested regimes or periods, keeping time taken to travel at capacity conditions as the benchmark. From the results, it has been observed that CBI is in agreement with the real-field conditions in 94% of the cases, whereas it is 75% buffer time index. Finally, the feasibility of using bus probes to measure stream TTR is checked. Results show that bus probes can be an indicator of stream reliability and the developed measure can effectively capture the relationship between stream and bus TTR.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86569136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1152-1158
Rajalakshmi Karakulam, K. Krishnan
: Microscopy is a critical component in phytolith research. To identify and count distinct morphotypes, phytoliths extracted from sediments are put on microscopy slides and observed under a microscope. The mounting material used to adhere the samples to the slides has an effect on visibility and image quality. Mountants are chosen depending on whether a temporary slide is required or a permanent one. Benzyl benzoate, microscopy immersion oil, glycerol and distilled water are few temporary mountants used for phytolith analysis. This paper evaluates the efficiency of distilled water as a temporary mountant with regard to viewing efficiency, image clarity and ability of rotation of phytoliths. Grade 1, English glass) on it. The prepared slides are observed using bright field microscope (Leitz- Laborlux 12 Pol-D) at a magnification of 250x. To qualitatively differentiate the efficacy of different mountants; experimental samples are prepared using Canada Balsam, Benzyl Benzoate, Glycerol, Microscopy Immersion Oil and distilled water (laboratory grade). Canada balsam is included in the experiment, though it is a permanent mountant, as it does not solidify for 24-48 hours, thus allowing movement of phytoliths for observation. Both dry samples as well as samples which had some moisture in them are used in the experiments.
{"title":"Evaluation of distilled water as a mountant in the slide preparation for phytolith identification","authors":"Rajalakshmi Karakulam, K. Krishnan","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1152-1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1152-1158","url":null,"abstract":": Microscopy is a critical component in phytolith research. To identify and count distinct morphotypes, phytoliths extracted from sediments are put on microscopy slides and observed under a microscope. The mounting material used to adhere the samples to the slides has an effect on visibility and image quality. Mountants are chosen depending on whether a temporary slide is required or a permanent one. Benzyl benzoate, microscopy immersion oil, glycerol and distilled water are few temporary mountants used for phytolith analysis. This paper evaluates the efficiency of distilled water as a temporary mountant with regard to viewing efficiency, image clarity and ability of rotation of phytoliths. Grade 1, English glass) on it. The prepared slides are observed using bright field microscope (Leitz- Laborlux 12 Pol-D) at a magnification of 250x. To qualitatively differentiate the efficacy of different mountants; experimental samples are prepared using Canada Balsam, Benzyl Benzoate, Glycerol, Microscopy Immersion Oil and distilled water (laboratory grade). Canada balsam is included in the experiment, though it is a permanent mountant, as it does not solidify for 24-48 hours, thus allowing movement of phytoliths for observation. Both dry samples as well as samples which had some moisture in them are used in the experiments.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85037985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1159-1164
P. Yadav, K. Alivelu, G. Kumar, M. Sujatha
To analyse the domestic consumption pattern of vegetable oils, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, undertook an online survey through Google forms. The survey aimed at generating estimates of average household monthly per capita consumption of vegetable oils, distribution based on urban or rural households, average consumption by income groups, most preferred type of oil and brand by consumers, crop-wise percentage of consumers, food habits and consumption of the same oil or multiple oils throughout the year. Results indicated that rural households consumed 15.6 kg of oil per person per annum, whereas urban households consumed 12.4 kg. Non-vegetarians (64%) consumed 14.2 kg of oil per person per annum, whereas vegetarians (36%) consumed 12.6 kg. Mustard oil was most preferred in the north (61%) and east (35%) zones of India, followed by sunflower oil. About 28% of people in the west zone consumed soybean oil, followed by mustard oil (25%) and sunflower (25%) oil. Sunflower oil (44%) was the most popular oil in the southern zone, followed by groundnut oil (29%). Total per capita consumption of oil, including other purposes, was 14.43 kg per annum.
{"title":"Survey of per capita consumption of vegetable oil in India","authors":"P. Yadav, K. Alivelu, G. Kumar, M. Sujatha","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1159-1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1159-1164","url":null,"abstract":"To analyse the domestic consumption pattern of vegetable oils, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, undertook an online survey through Google forms. The survey aimed at generating estimates of average household monthly per capita consumption of vegetable oils, distribution based on urban or rural households, average consumption by income groups, most preferred type of oil and brand by consumers, crop-wise percentage of consumers, food habits and consumption of the same oil or multiple oils throughout the year. Results indicated that rural households consumed 15.6 kg of oil per person per annum, whereas urban households consumed 12.4 kg. Non-vegetarians (64%) consumed 14.2 kg of oil per person per annum, whereas vegetarians (36%) consumed 12.6 kg. Mustard oil was most preferred in the north (61%) and east (35%) zones of India, followed by sunflower oil. About 28% of people in the west zone consumed soybean oil, followed by mustard oil (25%) and sunflower (25%) oil. Sunflower oil (44%) was the most popular oil in the southern zone, followed by groundnut oil (29%). Total per capita consumption of oil, including other purposes, was 14.43 kg per annum.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80618928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1089-1100
D. John, V. S. Achari
{"title":"Graphene-based TiO2 photocatalysts for water decontamination: a brief overview of photocatalytic and antimicrobial performances","authors":"D. John, V. S. Achari","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1089-1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i9/1089-1100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82552791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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