Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Functional characterization of Micropterus salmoides galectin-3 (MsGal-3B): a multifunctional immune effector with agglutination and antibacterial activities","authors":"Ying Ye ,&nbsp;Ce Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengyue Guo ,&nbsp;Siyi She ,&nbsp;Shun Yang ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Huang ,&nbsp;Hui Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Galectins are evolutionarily conserved lectins that play pivotal roles in innate immunity. In this study, we functionally characterized a novel chimera-type galectin-3 homolog from largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>), designated MsGal-3B. The open reading frame of MsGal-3B encodes a 258-amino acid protein containing a canonical carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and an N-terminal non-lectin region, typical of galectin-3 family members. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MsGal-3B clusters with galectin-3 orthologs from Perciformes, suggesting functional conservation within this order. Recombinant MsGal-3B (rMsGal-3B) exhibited strong affinity for peptidoglycan (PGN) and β-glucan (GLU), and weak interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Microbial binding assays revealed broad recognition across Gram-positive bacteria (<em>Micrococcus luteus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>), Gram-negative bacteria (<em>Aeromonas veronii</em>, <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em>), and fungi (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>, <em>Pichia pastoris</em>). Notably, rMsGal-3B selectively agglutinated <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>M. luteus</em>, but not <em>A. veronii</em> or <em>S. cerevisiae</em>, indicating ligand-dependent functional specificity. rMsGal-3B significantly suppressed the proliferation of <em>E. coli</em>, <em>M. luteus</em>, and <em>S. cerevisiae</em>, while showing no inhibitory effect on <em>A. veronii</em>, suggesting a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial profile. Additionally, rMsGal-3B exhibited hemagglutination activity, implying a potential role in host cell recognition or immune modulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that MsGal-3B functions as a multifunctional immune effector in <em>M. salmoides</em>, capable of selective microbial recognition, agglutination, and targeted antimicrobial activity. This study provides new insights into the role of teleost galectins in innate immunity and highlights their potential as molecular targets for disease control in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization of T-cell kinases Lck1 and ZAP-70 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through homology modeling","authors":"Francisco Bravo ,&nbsp;Camila Kossack ,&nbsp;Claudia Galleguillos-Becerra ,&nbsp;Antonella Galleguillos-Becerra ,&nbsp;Ricardo Fernández ,&nbsp;Kevin Maisey","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling is well defined in mammals but remains underexplored in teleosts such as rainbow trout. The proximal tyrosine kinases Lck and ZAP-70 initiate signaling by phosphorylating and decoding CD3 ITAM motifs. In rainbow trout, two sequences have been annotated for each kinase; their functional relevance is unclear.</div><div>We combined multiple sequence alignments, homology modeling (SWISS-MODEL), and structure quality checks (VERIFY3D, Ramachandran) with peptide–protein docking of CD3ζ ITAMs and structural superposition against active ZAP-70 (PDB <span><span>4XZ1</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) to infer residue-level mechanisms for trout Lck1 and ZAP-70.</div><div>In Lck1, the residues corresponding to human Y394 and Y505 (trout Y388 and Y499) are predicted to stabilize active and inactive conformations, respectively, supporting a conserved regulatory switch. For ZAP-70, Arg38 and Arg191 are predicted to form the canonical phosphotyrosine-binding pockets required for CD3ζ ITAM engagement. A trout-specific Phe310 at the interdomain interface may favor the autoinhibited state, thereby attenuating kinase activation, suggesting evolutionary fine-tuning. Docking indicated that Lck1 engages the CD3ζ ITAM in a human-like manner, whereas productive ZAP-70 binding required the activation-associated rearrangement seen in 4XZ1, consistent with mammalian mechanisms.</div><div>These <em>in silico</em> analyses provide a structural framework for proximal TCR signaling in teleosts. Trout Lck1 harbors the elements needed to initiate ITAM phosphorylation, and ZAP-70 retains key features of ITAM recognition, with Phe310 potentially modulating activation. Experimental validation will be important to test these predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of diets enriched with selenium nanoparticles derived from Spirulina platensis for improving Pacific whiteleg shrimp's growth, immune response, tissue antioxidants, histomorphometric traits, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection","authors":"El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa ,&nbsp;Gehad E. Elshopakey ,&nbsp;Shaymaa Rezk ,&nbsp;Medhat S. Shakweer ,&nbsp;Ola Hasan Abd El Megeed ,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Almotayri ,&nbsp;Nourah M. Almimoni ,&nbsp;Ashraf Albrakati ,&nbsp;Samia Elbahnaswy","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the use of green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), produced using the microalgal extract <em>Spirulina platensis</em> as a feed additive, on growth, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> in Pacific whiteleg shrimp. Two hundred forty shrimp were divided into four groups: control, SP-SeNPs 0.3 ‰, SP-SeNPs 0.6 ‰, and SP-SeNPs 0.9 ‰, randomly allocated into 12 hapas in triplicate (20 shrimp per hapa) and fed twice daily based on 4 % of their body weight. At the end of the feeding trial, the shrimp were challenged with <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. Microalgal-synthesized SeNPs notably increased the shrimp's growth parameters as the dietary SeNPs doses rose. The 0.3 ‰ SP-SeNPs group showed significant increases in total hemocyte counts and non-specific immune parameters such as respiratory burst, lysozyme activity, and lysosomal enzymes (alkaline (AKP) and acid (ACP) phosphatases) compared to the control. Antioxidant activity was higher in this group, evidenced by lower malondialdehyde levels along with increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes. Additionally, immune gene expressions (prophenoloxidase (<em>LvproPO</em>) and hemocyanin (<em>LvHc</em>)) were elevated relative to the control. Conversely, groups receiving 0.6 ‰ and 0.9 ‰ SeNPs exhibited significantly lower total hemocyte counts and innate immune indices, along with increased oxidative stress. The survival rate was higher in the 0.3 ‰ SP-SeNPs group compared to the control following infection with the virulent <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> strain. These findings suggest that SP-SeNPs, particularly at 0.3 ‰, may serve as an effective immunostimulant to improve growth and immune response in shrimp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injection of Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf extract enhances physiological and immune responses in Macrobrachium rosenbergii","authors":"Pei-Hsuan Lee ,&nbsp;Cheng-Ying Li ,&nbsp;Li-Yang Hsu ,&nbsp;Liwei Liu ,&nbsp;Hsin-Wei Kuo ,&nbsp;Winton Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the immunomodulatory and physiological effects of <em>Cinnamomum osmophloeum</em> leaf extract (CE) in <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> through injection. Three doses (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 μg prawn⁻¹) were administered, and immune responses were monitored within 48 h. The medium dose (CE3.0) consistently elevated total haemocyte count (THC) and differential haemocyte count (DHC) from 12 to 24 h post-injection, while phenoloxidase (PO) activity significantly increased at 24 h in CE3.0 and at 48 h in CE1.5. Enhanced respiratory burst (RBs), phagocytic activity, lysozyme activity, and bacterial clearance were also observed, particularly in CE3.0, which significantly improved survival against <em>Lactococcus garvieae</em> at 168 h post-infection. Although CE3.0 and CE6.0 induced transient hyperglycemia at 12 h, glucose levels normalized thereafter, and no significant changes in lactate levels were detected. These results demonstrate that <em>C. osmophloeum</em> extract can enhance innate immunity and disease resistance in <em>M. rosenbergii</em>. As a preliminary investigation, this study provides foundational data for future development of <em>C. osmophloeum</em> leaf extract as a potential immunostimulant feed additive in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145500309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and function analysis of the peritrophin-1 in Penaeus vannamei post-WSSV infection","authors":"Fanghui Fu ,&nbsp;Bingbing Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Xue ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Kun Luo ,&nbsp;Sheng Luan ,&nbsp;Jie Kong ,&nbsp;Qun Xing ,&nbsp;Xupeng Li ,&nbsp;Xianhong Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peritrophin, a classical chitin-binding protein, is thought to play a key role in the immunity of insects and crustaceans. In the present study, we identified a <em>peritrophin-1</em> homolog from <em>Penaeus vannamei</em>, designated as <em>PvPT1</em>. <em>PvPT1</em> contains a 672-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 223-amino-acid protein with three chitin-binding domain 2 (ChtBD2) domains. Its expression was upregulated upon white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge. 16 SNPs within the <em>PvPT1</em> DNA sequence were discovered. Silencing <em>PvPT1</em> via dsRNA suppressed WSSV replication, increased shrimp survival rates after WSSV infection, and modulated the expression of genes involved in the apoptotic pathway, antiviral response, cellular stress response, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs), and the phenoloxidase (PO) family. These results suggest that <em>PvPT1</em> may play a role in WSSV infection in <em>P</em>. <em>vannamei</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoregulatory functions of TRAF2 in chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus): mediating cell survival, antiviral defense, and macrophage polarization","authors":"D.C.G. Rodrigo ,&nbsp;Yasara Kavindi Kodagoda ,&nbsp;M.A.H. Dilshan ,&nbsp;W.K.M. Omeka ,&nbsp;H.A.C.R. Hanchapola ,&nbsp;G.A.N.P. Ganepola ,&nbsp;Gaeun Kim ,&nbsp;Jihun Lee ,&nbsp;Taehyug Jeong ,&nbsp;Qiang Wan ,&nbsp;Jeongeun Kim ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) plays a crucial role in regulating key cellular processes, including survival, proliferation, antiviral defense and inflammation. In this study, a novel TRAF family homolog (SjTraf2) was identified from Chub mackerel (<em>Scomber japonicus</em>), consisting of a 1569 bp open reading frame encoding 523 amino acids, which comprises an N-terminal Really Interesting New Gene-type, zinc finger, and a C-terminal TRAF domain. The predicted molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of SjTraf2 were 58.73 kDa and 7.14, respectively. Phylogenetic and pairwise sequence analyses revealed that TRAF2 from <em>Scomber scombrus</em> exhibits the closest evolutionary relationship to that of the chub mackerel. qRT-PCR revealed ubiquitous expression of SjTraf2 in fish tissues, whereas robust expression was observed in blood, followed by the brain and heart. The mRNA expression profile of <em>SjTraf2</em> was significantly upregulated in blood and gills response to immune stimulants, including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I: C), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), <em>Vibrio harveyi,</em> and <em>Streptococcus iniae</em>. A dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that SjTraf2 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway following poly (I: C) stimulation. SjTraf2 overexpression in Fathead minnow (FHM) cells reduced poly (I: C)-induced cell death, as evidenced by a declined <em>Bax/Bcl-2</em> ratio, indicating its anti-apoptotic role. SjTraf2 overexpressing FHM cells exhibited decreased replication of rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP (rVHSV) and elevated levels of interferons and interferons (IFN)-inducible genes, including <em>IFN-1</em>, <em>IFN-γ, IRF3</em>, <em>IRF7</em>, <em>ISG-15</em>, <em>MX</em> and <em>Viperin</em> at 24 and 48-h post-infection with the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). SjTraf2 overexpression in macrophages enhanced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (<em>iNOS</em> and <em>IL-6</em>) and promoted M1 polarization. However, upon LPS stimulation, its effect shifted toward an anti-inflammatory response by redirecting macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Collectively, our findings highlight that SjTraf2 regulates immune responses during cellular stress and pathogenic infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Sarcodia suieae hydrocolloid supplementation elevates quercetin levels and modulates metabolic and immune pathways in the hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Insights from integrated omics analyses","authors":"Chia-Hong Cheng,&nbsp;Po-Kai Pan,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary <em>Sarcodia suieae</em> (<em>S. suieae</em>) hydrocolloid supplementation on the hepatopancreatic physiology of the freshwater prawn <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> (<em>M. rosenbergii</em>). Experimental diets were formulated to contain 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % <em>S. suieae</em> hydrocolloid. This multi-omics approach revealed significant molecular alterations in the hepatopancreas in response to the dietary treatments.</div><div>Metabolomic profiling identified distinct changes in key metabolites. Notably, quercetin levels were significantly elevated (log2foldchange &gt;4, p &lt; 0.05) across all hydrocolloid-supplemented groups (5 %, 10 %, and 20 % compared to control), suggesting that <em>S. suieae</em> hydrocolloid effectively enhances the accumulation of this potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound in the prawn. Conversely, certain amino acids like L-Allothreonine and L-Proline, and compounds such as 5-Aminopentanoic acid and Niclosamide, were significantly downregulated.</div><div>Pathway enrichment analysis (KEGG) of the transcriptome and metabolome data provided deeper insights into the affected biological processes. Highly significant pathwaysincluded Thiamine metabolism, and Starch and sucrose metabolism, which also appeared in the 5 % comparison but potentially with different enrichment characteristics. Other prominent enriched pathways were Salivary secretion, Renin-angiotensin system, and pathways related to Phagosome and Lysosome. Metabolic pathways like Cholesterol metabolism, Arginine biosynthesis, and Apoptosis were also significantly impacted, suggesting a broader and potentially more severe or different physiological response at the higher concentration.</div><div>The enrichment of autophagy and apoptosis pathways at higher concentrations suggests a significant impact on cellular turnover and stress responses, potentially contributing to adaptation or maintaining cellular homeostasis under the influence of the hydrocolloid. These integrated omics findings elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms by which <em>S. suieae</em> hydrocolloid influences the hepatopancreatic health and metabolic regulation in <em>M. rosenbergii</em>, providing valuable insights for the development of novel functional feeds in sustainable aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145502680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of a diversified mannose receptor family in chickens","authors":"Karen Staines ,&nbsp;John R. Young ,&nbsp;Colin Butter","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mannose Receptor plays important roles in capture and internalisation of endogenous and pathogen-derived ligands and consequent regulation of physiological and immunological processes.</div><div>Whereas mammals have a single Mannose Receptor gene, birds have five paralogous genes that have diversified their intracellular and extracellular domains.</div><div>Using synthesised, codon-optimised genes transfected into Cos-7 and CHO cells we produced fusion proteins that were used in a novel DNA, DNA, Protein prime-boost immunisation strategy to produce monoclonal antibodies with specificities to each of the proteins MRC1L A-E.</div><div>Cross-reactivity of the macrophage-specific KUL01 monoclonal antibody with only the MRC1L-B protein definitively confirms the identity of the <em>KUL01</em> gene as <em>MRC1L-B.</em> Immunohistochemistry with the MRC1L-B monoclonal antibody locates a population of cells consistent with the understood locations of chicken macrophages.</div><div>Expression of MRC1L-A was largely restricted to vascular endothelial cells, alongside MHC II. In this regard expression of the two avian proteins mirrors the single mammalian orthologue, MRC1. MRC1L-C and D were found on occasional cells in specific tissues, while MRC1L-E was identified more widely, though with a more restricted distribution than with MRC1L-B.</div><div>The diversified functions of this gene family remain to be elucidated. Particularly, it is of note that while the cytoplasmic domains of MRC1L-A, B and D possess recognisable endocytosis motifs, only the <em>MRC1L-A</em> gene encodes a di-aromatic sorting motif, with potential consequences for immune function, including cross-presentation of exogenous antigens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145502765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggests Protocadherin-1 (PCDH1) as a distinctive innate immunity signature in Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Gir compared to Karan Fries cattle","authors":"Mayank Roshan ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Vats ,&nbsp;Kamlesh Kumari Bajwa ,&nbsp;Tony Moses ,&nbsp;Dheer Singh ,&nbsp;Ragothaman M. Yennamalli ,&nbsp;Suneel Kumar Onteru","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary defence mechanism depends on the gene expression profile of the innate immune system. Although Indian cattle breeds appear to have better disease resistance than exotic and crossbred cattle, the molecular evidence is limited. Therefore, the study explored the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) across three indigenous Indian cattle breeds, Sahiwal (SW), Tharparkar (TP), and Gir (GIR), in comparison to a crossbred Karan Fries (KF). RNA sequencing was performed on PBMCs of healthy cattle (n = 3 per breed). Differential gene expression analysis revealed 259 upregulated and 180 downregulated genes in the indigenous breeds than KF. The SW displayed the greatest number of upregulated innate immune genes (n = 23), followed by TP (n = 20) and GIR (n = 5). Among these innate immune genes, Protocadherin-1 (<em>PCDH1</em>), Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (<em>LRP1B</em>), Chemokine C-C motif ligand 8 (<em>CCL8</em>), and Wnt family member 4 (<em>WNT4</em>) were consistently upregulated across all three indigenous breeds. Particularly, the strong upregulation of <em>PCDH1</em> (&gt;9-fold) along with <em>LRP1B</em>, <em>CCL8</em>, and <em>WNT4</em> suggests better innate immunity in indigenous breeds than KF. The highest number of downregulated genes was observed in TP (n = 80), followed by SW (n = 71) and GIR (n = 29). Major upregulated pathways included viral protein-cytokine interactions in SW, chemokine and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) signalling pathways in TP, and B cell receptor signalling pathway in GIR. Downregulated pathways included complement cascades in SW and TP, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells in SW and GIR. Additionally, the genes showing duplications at DNA level (<em>FOSB, NLRP13, and PLAUR)</em> interestingly showed an increased expression in Tharparkar breed and the gene (<em>SLC29A4)</em> having deletions at genome level showed decreased expression in the PBMCs of SW. Overall, this study presents molecular evidence for greater innate immunity of Indian indigenous cattle breeds compared to a crossbred, KF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classical swine fever virus genotype 2.1 triggers stronger inflammatory and immune responses in porcine alveolar macrophages than genotype 3.4","authors":"Yu-Chun Huang ,&nbsp;Ming-Chung Deng ,&nbsp;Yu-Liang Huang ,&nbsp;Kuo-Jung Tsai ,&nbsp;Hsin-Meng Liu ,&nbsp;I-Li Liu ,&nbsp;Chen-Si Lin ,&nbsp;Chia-Yi Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious disease characterized by immunosuppression. Since 1996, a shift from CSFV genotype 3.4 (G3.4) to genotype 2.1 (G2.1) has been observed in Taiwan. Although G2.1 exhibits higher replication efficiency than G3.4, their differential immune regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the responses of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with G2.1 versus G3.4, regarding their infection rates, cytokine protein levels, and transcriptomic profiling performed by RNA-seq with qPCR validation. G2.1 showed a significantly higher infection rate at 1 day post-infection (dpi) and induced stronger pro-inflammatory responses, including elevated IL-18 (1–3 dpi) and TNF-α (2 dpi) levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that G2.1 enriched immune pathways, such as JAK-STAT signaling, which favor Th17 cell differentiation. In contrast, G3.4 favors IL-17 signaling and apoptotic pathways, which are associated with B-cell recruitment, potentially promoting faster viral clearance. These findings reveal that while both CSFV genotypes engage the Th17 axis, G2.1 drives upstream differentiation to establish a pro-inflammatory niche, whereas G3.4 engages terminal IL-17 responses conducive to immune resolution. This study provides new insight into genotype-specific host responses that may contribute to the CSFV genotype shift observed in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}