Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 2, belonging to the Prdx superfamily, is a pivotal enzyme and a key antioxidant that maintains cellular homeostasis by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in living organisms. This study aimed to define the antioxidant and immune-related properties of the Prdx2 derived from Scomber japonicus (SjPrdx2). The molecular features of SjPrdx2 were characterized using in silico tools. The transcriptional responses of SjPrdx2 and its functional features were determined under immune-stimulating conditions; functional features were investigated using in vivo and in vitro approaches. The coding sequence of SjPrdx2 consists of 612 nucleotides, which encode a protein with 203 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 22.5 kDa. In the SjPrdx2 protein, the Prdx domain serves as the main functional domain, along with the “GGLG” and “FF” signature motifs. Under normal physiological conditions, SjPrdx2 expression was found to be highest in the heart, followed by the brain, blood, and spleen. The relative expression of SjPrdx2 was significantly up-regulated in the immune tissues following various immune stimuli, including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Vibrio harveyi, and Streptococcus iniae. Additionally, the recombinant SjPrdx2 protein showed insulin disulfide reduction and radical-scavenging activity. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that H2O2-induced oxidative stress activated the ROS-scavenging function of SjPrdx2 and enhanced its apoptosis-inhibiting capacity. Additionally, SjPrdx2 overexpression promoted M2 polarization and suppressed nitric oxide production in LPS-treated RAW macrophage cells. Altogether, the findings of this study underscore the multifaceted contributions of SjPrdx2 to the active functioning of Chub mackerel, emphasizing its pivotal role in combating oxidative stress and fortifying immune functions.
{"title":"Expression profiling and functional investigation of peroxiredoxin 2 in Chub mackerel: Multifunctional roles in oxidative stress regulation, apoptosis, and immune modulation","authors":"D.M.U.M. Dissanayake , W.K.M. Omeka , B.P.M. Vileka Jayamali , H.M.V. Udayantha , W.A.D.L.R. Warnakula , W.P.S.N. Wijeweera , U.P.E. Arachchi , Arthika Kalaichelvan , Sumi Jung , Qiang Wan , Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 2, belonging to the Prdx superfamily, is a pivotal enzyme and a key antioxidant that maintains cellular homeostasis by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in living organisms. This study aimed to define the antioxidant and immune-related properties of the Prdx2 derived from <em>Scomber japonicus</em> (<em>SjPrdx2</em>). The molecular features of SjPrdx2 were characterized using <em>in silico</em> tools. The transcriptional responses of <em>SjPrdx2</em> and its functional features were determined under immune-stimulating conditions; functional features were investigated using <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> approaches. The coding sequence of <em>SjPrdx2</em> consists of 612 nucleotides, which encode a protein with 203 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 22.5 kDa. In the SjPrdx2 protein, the Prdx domain serves as the main functional domain, along with the “GGLG” and “FF” signature motifs. Under normal physiological conditions, <em>SjPrdx2</em> expression was found to be highest in the heart, followed by the brain, blood, and spleen. The relative expression of <em>SjPrdx2</em> was significantly up-regulated in the immune tissues following various immune stimuli, including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, and <em>Streptococcus iniae</em>. Additionally, the recombinant SjPrdx2 protein showed insulin disulfide reduction and radical-scavenging activity. <em>In vitro</em> functional assays demonstrated that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress activated the ROS-scavenging function of SjPrdx2 and enhanced its apoptosis-inhibiting capacity<em>.</em> Additionally, <em>SjPrdx2</em> overexpression promoted M2 polarization and suppressed nitric oxide production in LPS-treated RAW macrophage cells. Altogether, the findings of this study underscore the multifaceted contributions of <em>SjPrdx2</em> to the active functioning of Chub mackerel, emphasizing its pivotal role in combating oxidative stress and fortifying immune functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tumor suppressor p53, transcriptionally regulates several target genes, and in the absence of cellular stress its basal protein levels are tightly regulated by Mdm2 (Murine double minute 2). Species with functional p53 are less prone to cancer, and in mammals this oncogene has a multifunctional role towards cancer tolerance. Herein, we examined naturally evolving p53 protein across vertebrates with its negative regulator, along with exploring their structural properties. Several mammalian species contain conserved p53 amphipathic α-helical BOX-I, DNA-binding domain (DBD), and basic domains, whereas Loxodonta africana (elephant) exhibits the lowest sequence similarities. Vertebrates with notable insertion in the DBD or disordered BOX-I regions gained a unique structural orientation, that can potentiate to escape Mdm2 negative regulation. Comprehending molecular details, we constructed an Mdm2 pharmacophore model that can interact with a specific set of p53 isoforms. To explore potential use of BOX-I derived linear motifs as peptidomimetic molecules targeting Mdm2 we assessed their binding affinity, as well as the effect of temperature over the p53-Mdm2 complex. Conformational changes adopted by p53 variants identify crucial residues within the FxxxW/GxxL motif. These residues face the Mdm2 pocket and may enhance binding affinity, even under thermal change. Mdm2 was found mutated heavily in carcinoma, and its variant can have a significant role when associating with p53. Our findings demonstrate a natural living model, to utterly contribute to the mechanistic understanding of the role of p53 in its activation, giving insight on structural properties aiming to target these biomarkers in cancer therapeutics.
{"title":"Characterizing p53 structural insights of variants in vertebrates that interfere its regulatory interaction with Mdm2","authors":"Umesh Kalathiya, Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska, Monikaben Padariya","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tumor suppressor p53, transcriptionally regulates several target genes, and in the absence of cellular stress its basal protein levels are tightly regulated by Mdm2 (Murine double minute 2). Species with functional p53 are less prone to cancer, and in mammals this oncogene has a multifunctional role towards cancer tolerance. Herein, we examined naturally evolving p53 protein across vertebrates with its negative regulator, along with exploring their structural properties. Several mammalian species contain conserved p53 amphipathic α-helical BOX-I, DNA-binding domain (DBD), and basic domains, whereas <em>Loxodonta africana</em> (elephant) exhibits the lowest sequence similarities. Vertebrates with notable insertion in the DBD or disordered BOX-I regions gained a unique structural orientation, that can potentiate to escape Mdm2 negative regulation. Comprehending molecular details, we constructed an Mdm2 pharmacophore model that can interact with a specific set of p53 isoforms. To explore potential use of BOX-I derived linear motifs as peptidomimetic molecules targeting Mdm2 we assessed their binding affinity, as well as the effect of temperature over the p53-Mdm2 complex. Conformational changes adopted by p53 variants identify crucial residues within the FxxxW/GxxL motif. These residues face the Mdm2 pocket and may enhance binding affinity, even under thermal change. Mdm2 was found mutated heavily in carcinoma, and its variant can have a significant role when associating with p53. Our findings demonstrate a natural living model, to utterly contribute to the mechanistic understanding of the role of p53 in its activation, giving insight on structural properties aiming to target these biomarkers in cancer therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2026.105555
Dhivya Borra Thiyagarajan , Marie K. Mikkelborg , Igor Kraev , Roy Ambli Dalmo , Sigrun Lange
Extracellular vesicle (EV) research in fish, particularly in aquaculture-relevant species, is gaining momentum, with interest in biomarker development, while the availability of in vitro tools to study EV-mediated cellular communication in fish is limited, particularly with respect to primary cell lines. As salmon represents one of the most valuable fish species in global aquaculture, identifying robust biomarkers for fish health monitoring is a high priority. This study introduces a novel in vitro model for EV research in salmon, utilising primary and immune relevant cell lines to closely mimic in vivo conditions. EVs were profiled from primary scale derived keratocyte cells (SKC), in addition to EVs from previously established salmon cell lines (ASK and SSP-9 from salmon head kidney). EV size profiles were identified overall in the 50–450 nm range, with some differences between the cell lines. EV protein cargoes were analyzed by LC-MS/MS alongside associated pathway enrichment, providing insights for roles of EVs in cell-type-specific communication, including immune responses. Notably, the SKC-derived EVs revealed proteins and pathways associated with wound healing, keratinization, and immune defense, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. Additionally, shared pathways identified in EVs from all cell lines, included the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and ubiquitination, offering new perspectives into EV-mediated signaling in fish. Our in-vitro model system may provide a translational platform to develope EVs as robust biomarkers of fish health, with potential applications in aquaculture.
{"title":"Characterization of extracellular vesicles from primary skin epithelial cells and cell lines from Atlantic salmon","authors":"Dhivya Borra Thiyagarajan , Marie K. Mikkelborg , Igor Kraev , Roy Ambli Dalmo , Sigrun Lange","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicle (EV) research in fish, particularly in aquaculture-relevant species, is gaining momentum, with interest in biomarker development, while the availability of <em>in vitro</em> tools to study EV-mediated cellular communication in fish is limited, particularly with respect to primary cell lines. As salmon represents one of the most valuable fish species in global aquaculture, identifying robust biomarkers for fish health monitoring is a high priority. This study introduces a novel <em>in vitro</em> model for EV research in salmon, utilising primary and immune relevant cell lines to closely mimic <em>in vivo</em> conditions. EVs were profiled from primary scale derived keratocyte cells (SKC), in addition to EVs from previously established salmon cell lines (ASK and SSP-9 from salmon head kidney). EV size profiles were identified overall in the 50–450 nm range, with some differences between the cell lines. EV protein cargoes were analyzed by LC-MS/MS alongside associated pathway enrichment, providing insights for roles of EVs in cell-type-specific communication, including immune responses. Notably, the SKC-derived EVs revealed proteins and pathways associated with wound healing, keratinization, and immune defense, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. Additionally, shared pathways identified in EVs from all cell lines, included the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and ubiquitination, offering new perspectives into EV-mediated signaling in fish. Our <em>in-vitro</em> model system may provide a translational platform to develope EVs as robust biomarkers of fish health, with potential applications in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 12 (PARP12), which has been identified as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), is able to restrict virus replication via PARP-dependent ADP-ribosylation of target molecules. Presently, the antiviral abilities of PARP12 have been reported in mammalian organisms, whereas no data is available on the immune function of PARP12 in fish species. In the present study, a PARP12 gene (CcPARP12) was identified from common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and its role in antiviral immune response was investigated. Structurally, CcPARP12 was shown to consist of ZnF-C3H1 motifs and WWE domain, which was in line with PARP12-short (S) isoform in domain architecture. In vivo gene expression analysis showed that CcPARP12 mRNA expression levels were varied in various tissues of healthy carps with the highest level in head kidney, and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) induced CcPARP12 expression in multiple immune-related tissues. Analysis of subcellular localization showed that CcPARP12 was located in the nucleus region of EPC cells. Additionally, in vitro, it was shown that CcPARP12 could affect SVCV replication in EPC cells, with reduced virus load and relieved cytopathic effects (CPEs), and moreover positively regulated the expressions of antiviral molecules ISG15, IFN and Viperin in response to SVCV infection. Overall, these results indicated that CcPARP12 could play the defensive role in the host immune response to SVCV infection. This study has broadened the understanding of antiviral properties of PARP12 in fish species and even lower vertebrates, providing potential new therapeutic targets against SVCV infection.
{"title":"Functional characterization of short-isoform of PARP12 in the immune response to SVCV infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Ting Li, Yingying Zhang, Cuixia Wang, Ruikuan Yu, Dongchun Yan, Lingjun Si, Linrui Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 12 (PARP12), which has been identified as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), is able to restrict virus replication via PARP-dependent ADP-ribosylation of target molecules. Presently, the antiviral abilities of PARP12 have been reported in mammalian organisms, whereas no data is available on the immune function of PARP12 in fish species. In the present study, a PARP12 gene (CcPARP12) was identified from common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>), and its role in antiviral immune response was investigated. Structurally, CcPARP12 was shown to consist of ZnF-C3H1 motifs and WWE domain, which was in line with PARP12-short (S) isoform in domain architecture. <em>In vivo</em> gene expression analysis showed that CcPARP12 mRNA expression levels were varied in various tissues of healthy carps with the highest level in head kidney, and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) induced CcPARP12 expression in multiple immune-related tissues. Analysis of subcellular localization showed that CcPARP12 was located in the nucleus region of EPC cells. Additionally, <em>in vitro</em>, it was shown that CcPARP12 could affect SVCV replication in EPC cells, with reduced virus load and relieved cytopathic effects (CPEs), and moreover positively regulated the expressions of antiviral molecules ISG15, IFN and Viperin in response to SVCV infection. Overall, these results indicated that CcPARP12 could play the defensive role in the host immune response to SVCV infection. This study has broadened the understanding of antiviral properties of PARP12 in fish species and even lower vertebrates, providing potential new therapeutic targets against SVCV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2026.105547
Junjian Dong , Jiaxin Li , Zhi lin Zhu , Hetong Zhang , Chengfei Sun , Fengying Gao , Xing Ye
To elucidate the regulatory role of the AKT gene (Protein Kinase B) in the NF-κB, IFN and AP-1 signalling pathways in largemouth bass, the open reading frame (ORF) sequences of the AKT1 and AKT2 genes were isolated from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). AKT1 and AKT2 possessed a conserved Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a catalytic serine/threonine kinase domain (STKc), and a specific serine/threonine kinase family domain (STKX). AKT1 was most highly expressed in the spleen, whereas AKT2 showed the highest expression in the blood. Infection with N. seriolae, Poly (I:C), and LMBV significantly induced the expression of AKT1 and AKT2 in largemouth bass. Overexpression of AKT1 and AKT2 did not significantly increased the NF-κB promoter activity; however, significantly activated the AP-1 and IFN-β promoters. Subcellular localisation analysis showed that AKT1 was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas AKT2 was predominantly localised in the cytoplasm, with weak nuclear signals. Pull-down analysis revealed no interaction between AKT-IP or AKT-IP-like proteins and AKT1, whereas a direct interaction was observed with AKT2. These findings provide insight into the immune regulatory roles of AKT in teleosts.
{"title":"Cloning and their roles in NF-κB, IFN-β, and AP-1 signaling pathways of AKT1 and AKT2 genes of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Junjian Dong , Jiaxin Li , Zhi lin Zhu , Hetong Zhang , Chengfei Sun , Fengying Gao , Xing Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To elucidate the regulatory role of the <em>AKT</em> gene (Protein Kinase B) in the NF-κB, IFN and AP-1 signalling pathways in largemouth bass, the open reading frame (ORF) sequences of the <em>AKT1</em> and <em>AKT2</em> genes were isolated from largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>). <em>AKT1</em> and <em>AKT2</em> possessed a conserved Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a catalytic serine/threonine kinase domain (STKc), and a specific serine/threonine kinase family domain (STKX). <em>AKT1</em> was most highly expressed in the spleen, whereas <em>AKT2</em> showed the highest expression in the blood. Infection with <em>N. seriolae</em>, Poly (I:C), and LMBV significantly induced the expression of <em>AKT1</em> and <em>AKT2</em> in largemouth bass. Overexpression of AKT1 and AKT2 did not significantly increased the NF-κB promoter activity; however, significantly activated the AP-1 and IFN-β promoters. Subcellular localisation analysis showed that AKT1 was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas AKT2 was predominantly localised in the cytoplasm, with weak nuclear signals. Pull-down analysis revealed no interaction between AKT-IP or AKT-IP-like proteins and AKT1, whereas a direct interaction was observed with AKT2. These findings provide insight into the immune regulatory roles of AKT in teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2026.105550
Bangyao Liang , Wei Meng , Meihan Chen , Hongfei Miao , Yuhan Ren , Hongyu Liu , Zhenhui Liu , Chen Sun
Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prdx4), a typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, functions as both an antioxidant enzyme and a regulator of immune processes, yet its roles in early chordates remain unclear. Here, we identified and characterized a Prdx4 homolog from amphioxus (Branchiostoma japonicum), termed BjPrdx4. Sequence analyses revealed conserved catalytic motifs and an N-terminal signal peptide, supporting its classification as Prdx4. BjPrdx4 was constitutively expressed across multiple tissues, with prominent localization in immune-associated tissues, and its expression was markedly induced following Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Infection also triggered BjPrdx4 secretion into the extracellular milieu and altered its oligomeric states. Recombinant BjPrdx4 exhibited robust thiol-dependent peroxidase activity, efficiently eliminating hydrogen peroxide and protecting plasmid DNA from oxidative damage, confirming its antioxidant function. Functionally, extracellular BjPrdx4 preserved gill integrity and reduced bacterial burden during infection. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses further demonstrated that BjPrdx4 influenced immune-related pathways, including phagocytosis and lysosomal activity, and positively regulated ras expression, suggesting involvement in Ras–MAPK signaling. Together, these findings reveal that BjPrdx4 integrates antioxidant defense with immunomodulatory functions, highlighting its dual role in amphioxus antibacterial immunity and underscoring the evolutionary significance of Prdx4 multifunctionality in basal chordates.
{"title":"Peroxiredoxin 4 from amphioxus: An antioxidant enzyme with immunomodulatory roles in defense against Vibrio anguillarum","authors":"Bangyao Liang , Wei Meng , Meihan Chen , Hongfei Miao , Yuhan Ren , Hongyu Liu , Zhenhui Liu , Chen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prdx4), a typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, functions as both an antioxidant enzyme and a regulator of immune processes, yet its roles in early chordates remain unclear. Here, we identified and characterized a Prdx4 homolog from amphioxus (<em>Branchiostoma japonicum</em>), termed BjPrdx4. Sequence analyses revealed conserved catalytic motifs and an N-terminal signal peptide, supporting its classification as Prdx4. BjPrdx4 was constitutively expressed across multiple tissues, with prominent localization in immune-associated tissues, and its expression was markedly induced following <em>Vibrio anguillarum</em> challenge. Infection also triggered BjPrdx4 secretion into the extracellular milieu and altered its oligomeric states. Recombinant BjPrdx4 exhibited robust thiol-dependent peroxidase activity, efficiently eliminating hydrogen peroxide and protecting plasmid DNA from oxidative damage, confirming its antioxidant function. Functionally, extracellular BjPrdx4 preserved gill integrity and reduced bacterial burden during infection. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses further demonstrated that BjPrdx4 influenced immune-related pathways, including phagocytosis and lysosomal activity, and positively regulated <em>ras</em> expression, suggesting involvement in Ras–MAPK signaling. Together, these findings reveal that BjPrdx4 integrates antioxidant defense with immunomodulatory functions, highlighting its dual role in amphioxus antibacterial immunity and underscoring the evolutionary significance of Prdx4 multifunctionality in basal chordates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2026.105548
Hong Qi , Jia-Yang He , Jia-Ru Zhou , Yun-Xiang Lin , Yu-Rong Lei, Hai Zhu He, Wei-Yang Huang, Qi-Wei Qin, Hong-Yan Sun
Recent studies found that non-coding RNA could be involved in the development of pathogen infection. In this study, the role of non-coding RNA miRNA-181c (miR-181c) response to Iridovirus SGIV (an important viral pathogen and can cause huge economic losses in marine fish industry) infection was explored in Epinephelus coioides, an important economic fish in South China. The results showed that SGIV infection inhibited the expression of E. coioides miR-181c. Upregulated miR-181c significantly inhibited the invasion of SGIV, the expressions of key SGIV genes (MCP, ICP18, LITAF and VP19), SGIV-induced CPE, and the titers of SGIV. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) of E. coioides was a direct target of miR-181c. miR-181c could regulate the expressions of the immune- and apoptosis-related factors, and SGIV-induced apoptosis via targeting PDCD4. Downregulated miR-181c could produce the opposite results. These findings would be useful for exploring miRNAs for potentially controlling viral infection.
{"title":"miR-181c Regulates the process of the Infection of Singapore Grouper Iridovirus via targeting PDCD4 in Epinephelus coioides","authors":"Hong Qi , Jia-Yang He , Jia-Ru Zhou , Yun-Xiang Lin , Yu-Rong Lei, Hai Zhu He, Wei-Yang Huang, Qi-Wei Qin, Hong-Yan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2026.105548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies found that non-coding RNA could be involved in the development of pathogen infection. In this study, the role of non-coding RNA miRNA-181c (miR-181c) response to Iridovirus SGIV (an important viral pathogen and can cause huge economic losses in marine fish industry) infection was explored in <em>Epinephelus coioides</em>, an important economic fish in South China. The results showed that SGIV infection inhibited the expression of <em>E</em>. <em>coioides</em> miR-181c. Upregulated miR-181c significantly inhibited the invasion of SGIV, the expressions of key SGIV genes (<em>MCP</em>, <em>ICP18</em>, LITAF and VP19), SGIV-induced CPE, and the titers of SGIV. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) of <em>E</em>. <em>coioides</em> was a direct target of miR-181c. miR-181c could regulate the expressions of the immune- and apoptosis-related factors, and SGIV-induced apoptosis via targeting PDCD4. Downregulated miR-181c could produce the opposite results. These findings would be useful for exploring miRNAs for potentially controlling viral infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105541
Lifang Wen , Sisi Wei , Li Wu , Zhenqi Xin , Mingshan Song , Weifeng Wang , Baoying Guo
{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis reveals the immune-related function of miR-122 in Larimichthys crocea","authors":"Lifang Wen , Sisi Wei , Li Wu , Zhenqi Xin , Mingshan Song , Weifeng Wang , Baoying Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105542
Li Lu, Tao Wang, Xiaopeng Wang, Liangjie Liu, An Liu, Haihui Ye
Environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, illumination intensity, and photoperiod exert profound influences on the physiology and reproduction of aquatic crustaceans. In this study, female mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) were exposed to combined high-temperature and strong illumination stress (30 °C, 6000 lx) or maintained under control conditions (25 °C, 600 lx) for 30 days. To elucidate the impact of combined high-temperature and strong illumination stress on ovarian development, we conducted integrated analyses of transcriptomic data (RNA-Seq) from the hepatopancreas and ovary, alongside lipidomic profiles of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph. The hepatopancreas exhibited downregulation of lipid synthesis genes (e.g., Fasn, SCD5) and upregulation of lipid catabolism genes (e.g., BBOX1, Pnlip), which was associated with reduced lipid storage. Enrichment of sphingolipid signaling and autophagy pathways in hemolymph, along with elevated phosphatidylethanolamine species, indicated activation of protective mechanisms to maintain systemic balance. The ovary contained 1,457 differentially expressed genes, including upregulated stress-related genes (e.g., Lrp1b, Tcab1) and downregulated reproduction-related genes (e.g., Igf1r, LENG9), reflecting a trade-off between reproductive suppression and stress adaptation. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into the adaptation of the mud crab to dual environmental stressors through coordinated molecular adjustments, offering valuable information for aquaculture management in response to sudden weather changes.
{"title":"Transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis provide insights into ovarian development of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain under high-temperature and strong illumination conditions","authors":"Li Lu, Tao Wang, Xiaopeng Wang, Liangjie Liu, An Liu, Haihui Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, illumination intensity, and photoperiod exert profound influences on the physiology and reproduction of aquatic crustaceans. In this study, female mud crabs (<em>Scylla paramamosain</em>) were exposed to combined high-temperature and strong illumination stress (30 °C, 6000 lx) or maintained under control conditions (25 °C, 600 lx) for 30 days. To elucidate the impact of combined high-temperature and strong illumination stress on ovarian development, we conducted integrated analyses of transcriptomic data (RNA-Seq) from the hepatopancreas and ovary, alongside lipidomic profiles of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph. The hepatopancreas exhibited downregulation of lipid synthesis genes (e.g., <em>Fasn</em>, <em>SCD5</em>) and upregulation of lipid catabolism genes (e.g., <em>BBOX1</em>, <em>Pnlip</em>), which was associated with reduced lipid storage. Enrichment of sphingolipid signaling and autophagy pathways in hemolymph, along with elevated phosphatidylethanolamine species, indicated activation of protective mechanisms to maintain systemic balance. The ovary contained 1,457 differentially expressed genes, including upregulated stress-related genes (e.g., <em>Lrp1b</em>, <em>Tcab1</em>) and downregulated reproduction-related genes (e.g., <em>Igf1r</em>, <em>LENG9</em>), reflecting a trade-off between reproductive suppression and stress adaptation. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into the adaptation of the mud crab to dual environmental stressors through coordinated molecular adjustments, offering valuable information for aquaculture management in response to sudden weather changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105540
Zhou Jiang , Yue Jiang , Bo Liu , Han Zhang , Rui Li , Sijing Chen , Fei Pu , Shuimu Hu , Hongshu Chi , Ning Li , Peng Xu , Tao Zhou
L-amino acid oxidase (laao) is a key immune factor capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been demonstrated to possess significant antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions in a variety of organisms. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of laao in the immune defense of fish against Cryptocaryon irritans infection. In this study, the laao of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) was successfully cloned, and its structural and functional characteristics were systematically analyzed. The full-length ORF of large yellow croaker was 1578 bp, encoding 526 amino acids. Structural prediction indicated that the protein possesses typical features of a secretory protein, including a distinct signal peptide region and three potential N-glycosylation sites. The Laao of large yellow croaker shows high conservation at key catalytic residues compared with those of Danio rerio and Bothrops pauloensis. Molecular docking further revealed a clear substrate preference, with hydrophobic amino acids exhibiting the strongest binding affinity, whereas polar substrates showed weaker interactions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that laao is highly conserved among teleosts, showing the highest sequence similarity to Collichthys lucidus (96.57 %) and Nibea albiflora (81.57 %). The tissue expression analysis demonstrated that laao exhibits a tissue-specific expression pattern in large yellow croaker, being mainly expressed in the gills, fins, kidneys, and spleen, with the lowest expression in the brain. Following C. irritans infection, laao expression in the gills and spleen responded rapidly, reaching a peak at 24 h post-infection. However, although laao expression peaked in the skin as early as 12 h post-infection, its expression level was relatively low. The transcriptomic data before and after infection also confirmed that laao was activated upon C. irritans challenge, showing differential expression with an overall upregulation trend. The qRT-PCR results further demonstrated that overexpression of laao significantly altered the expression patterns of immune-related genes (hif1, tnf-α, il-8, il-1β and stat3) were downregulated, while jak1 was upregulated-suggesting that laao may participate in host immune regulation by suppressing inflammatory signaling and activating cytokine-mediated pathways. In summary, this study reveals the structural features of laao and its response characteristics during C. irritans infection, providing a theoretical basis for further understanding the role of large yellow croaker laao in fish immune defense and for developing novel immune prevention and control strategies.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of laao in large yellow croaker and its functional response to Cryptocaryon irritans infection","authors":"Zhou Jiang , Yue Jiang , Bo Liu , Han Zhang , Rui Li , Sijing Chen , Fei Pu , Shuimu Hu , Hongshu Chi , Ning Li , Peng Xu , Tao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>L-amino acid oxidase (<em>laao</em>) is a key immune factor capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been demonstrated to possess significant antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions in a variety of organisms. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of <em>laao</em> in the immune defense of fish against <em>Cryptocaryon irritans</em> infection. In this study, the <em>laao</em> of large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) was successfully cloned, and its structural and functional characteristics were systematically analyzed. The full-length ORF of large yellow croaker was 1578 bp, encoding 526 amino acids. Structural prediction indicated that the protein possesses typical features of a secretory protein, including a distinct signal peptide region and three potential N-glycosylation sites. The Laao of large yellow croaker shows high conservation at key catalytic residues compared with those of <em>Danio rerio</em> and <em>Bothrops pauloensis</em>. Molecular docking further revealed a clear substrate preference, with hydrophobic amino acids exhibiting the strongest binding affinity, whereas polar substrates showed weaker interactions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that <em>laao</em> is highly conserved among teleosts, showing the highest sequence similarity to <em>Collichthys lucidus</em> (96.57 %) and <em>Nibea albiflora</em> (81.57 %). The tissue expression analysis demonstrated that <em>laao</em> exhibits a tissue-specific expression pattern in large yellow croaker, being mainly expressed in the gills, fins, kidneys, and spleen, with the lowest expression in the brain. Following <em>C. irritans</em> infection, <em>laao</em> expression in the gills and spleen responded rapidly, reaching a peak at 24 h post-infection. However, although <em>laao</em> expression peaked in the skin as early as 12 h post-infection, its expression level was relatively low. The transcriptomic data before and after infection also confirmed that laao was activated upon <em>C. irritans</em> challenge, showing differential expression with an overall upregulation trend. The qRT-PCR results further demonstrated that overexpression of laao significantly altered the expression patterns of immune-related genes (<em>hif1, tnf-α, il-8, il-1β</em> and <em>stat3</em>) were downregulated, while jak1 was upregulated-suggesting that <em>laao</em> may participate in host immune regulation by suppressing inflammatory signaling and activating cytokine-mediated pathways. In summary, this study reveals the structural features of <em>laao</em> and its response characteristics during <em>C. irritans</em> infection, providing a theoretical basis for further understanding the role of large yellow croaker <em>laao</em> in fish immune defense and for developing novel immune prevention and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145803387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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