Marteilia pararefringens is a protistan parasite that mainly infects the digestive gland of mussels Mytilus spp. Despite observations of marteiliosis in mussels since the 1970s, the reported host species has generally not been verified by molecular methods. The 3 closely related mussels Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis, and M. trossulus cannot be distinguished morphologically and hybridise in regions where they overlap. Norway is the only country where both M. pararefringens and M. trossulus are known to occur. Here, we report the first detection of marteiliosis, caused by M. pararefringens, in M. trossulus and an M. edulis-M. trossulus hybrid in a heliothermic oyster pond-a poll-in Hardangerfjorden, Norway. The observed infections were severe, containing early, intermediate, and advanced (sporulating) stages present in the digestive epithelium. There was no host reaction associated with the infections. This finding confirms that all known Mytilus species present in Europe are susceptible to M. pararefringens.
{"title":"First detection of Marteilia pararefringens in Mytilus trossulus.","authors":"Mats Bøgwald, Sigmund B Larsson, Stein Mortensen","doi":"10.3354/dao03818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marteilia pararefringens is a protistan parasite that mainly infects the digestive gland of mussels Mytilus spp. Despite observations of marteiliosis in mussels since the 1970s, the reported host species has generally not been verified by molecular methods. The 3 closely related mussels Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis, and M. trossulus cannot be distinguished morphologically and hybridise in regions where they overlap. Norway is the only country where both M. pararefringens and M. trossulus are known to occur. Here, we report the first detection of marteiliosis, caused by M. pararefringens, in M. trossulus and an M. edulis-M. trossulus hybrid in a heliothermic oyster pond-a poll-in Hardangerfjorden, Norway. The observed infections were severe, containing early, intermediate, and advanced (sporulating) stages present in the digestive epithelium. There was no host reaction associated with the infections. This finding confirms that all known Mytilus species present in Europe are susceptible to M. pararefringens.</p>","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"159 ","pages":"209-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylvain Larrat, Véronique Lesage, Robert Michaud, Stéphane Lair
ABSTRACT: Carcasses of endangered beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada, have been examined consistently since 1983 to determine causes of death. The objective of this study is to compare the nutritional condition of belugas that died of different causes. Previously published categories of death were refined to discriminate acute from chronic pathological processes. Bayesian linear models were used to predict cause of death from the scaled mass index (SMI). Causes of death were as follows: ‘bacterial diseases’, ‘verminous pneumonia’, ‘toxoplasmosis’, ‘other parasitic diseases’, ‘other infectious diseases’, ‘trauma—entrapment’, ‘other noninfectious diseases’, ‘dystocia—postpartum complications’, ‘neonatal mortality’, ‘cancer’, ‘primary starvation’ and ‘undetermined’. The models predicted a lower nutritional condition for the ‘neonatal mortality’ in belugas <290 cm in length and for ‘primary starvation’ and ‘verminous pneumonia’ categories for belugas ≥290 cm. Belugas that died from ‘dystocia—postpartum complications’ or from ‘undetermined causes’ had a higher-than-average SMI. Animals in the ‘trauma—entrapment’ category did not exhibit the highest nutritional condition, which was unexpected since individuals that died from trauma or entrapment are often used as references for optimal nutritional condition in other cetacean populations. Females that died from dystocia and postpartum complications were in similar nutritional condition as females dead from other causes during, or shortly after, pregnancy. This suggests that these females are not obese, ruling out a possible cause of dystocia. Although studying dead animals biases results toward low nutritional condition, our findings support the link between chronic pathological processes and poorer nutritional condition in belugas.
{"title":"Relationship between nutritional condition and causes of death in beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas from the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada","authors":"Sylvain Larrat, Véronique Lesage, Robert Michaud, Stéphane Lair","doi":"10.3354/dao03812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03812","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Carcasses of endangered beluga whales <i>Delphinapterus leucas</i> from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada, have been examined consistently since 1983 to determine causes of death. The objective of this study is to compare the nutritional condition of belugas that died of different causes. Previously published categories of death were refined to discriminate acute from chronic pathological processes. Bayesian linear models were used to predict cause of death from the scaled mass index (SMI). Causes of death were as follows: ‘bacterial diseases’, ‘verminous pneumonia’, ‘toxoplasmosis’, ‘other parasitic diseases’, ‘other infectious diseases’, ‘trauma—entrapment’, ‘other noninfectious diseases’, ‘dystocia—postpartum complications’, ‘neonatal mortality’, ‘cancer’, ‘primary starvation’ and ‘undetermined’. The models predicted a lower nutritional condition for the ‘neonatal mortality’ in belugas <290 cm in length and for ‘primary starvation’ and ‘verminous pneumonia’ categories for belugas ≥290 cm. Belugas that died from ‘dystocia—postpartum complications’ or from ‘undetermined causes’ had a higher-than-average SMI. Animals in the ‘trauma—entrapment’ category did not exhibit the highest nutritional condition, which was unexpected since individuals that died from trauma or entrapment are often used as references for optimal nutritional condition in other cetacean populations. Females that died from dystocia and postpartum complications were in similar nutritional condition as females dead from other causes during, or shortly after, pregnancy. This suggests that these females are not obese, ruling out a possible cause of dystocia. Although studying dead animals biases results toward low nutritional condition, our findings support the link between chronic pathological processes and poorer nutritional condition in belugas.","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Nectonema nematomorphs utilize marine crustacean hosts in their life cycle; 16 decapod and 1 isopod genera have been reported to date as host genera. This study reports the first case of Nectonema parasitic in the Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi, adding another known host genus. A single nematomorph juvenile was recovered from the body cavity of each of 2 ovigerous female crabs. A nucleotide sequence for the 18S rRNA gene (1854 bp) was determined from 1 Nectonema individual. The 18S sequence showed Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distances of 10.0, 2.0, and 1.7% from 18S sequences from Nectonema sp. from an isopod host, N. agile, and N. munidae, respectively. In an 18S-based tree, the unknown species was the sister taxon to a clade comprising N. agile and N. munidae, both of which also utilize decapod hosts. The phylogenetic relationships among the 3 Nectonema species parasitic in decapods were not congruent with the phylogeny of the hosts, not supporting a hypothesis of nematomorph-host co-evolution.
{"title":"Nectonema horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) parasitic in the Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi, with a note on the relationship between host and parasite phylogeny","authors":"Keiichi Kakui","doi":"10.3354/dao03815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03815","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: <i>Nectonema</i> nematomorphs utilize marine crustacean hosts in their life cycle; 16 decapod and 1 isopod genera have been reported to date as host genera. This study reports the first case of <i>Nectonema</i> parasitic in the Tanner crab <i>Chionoecetes bairdi</i>, adding another known host genus. A single nematomorph juvenile was recovered from the body cavity of each of 2 ovigerous female crabs. A nucleotide sequence for the 18S rRNA gene (1854 bp) was determined from 1 <i>Nectonema</i> individual. The 18S sequence showed Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distances of 10.0, 2.0, and 1.7% from 18S sequences from <i>Nectonema</i> sp. from an isopod host, <i>N. agile</i>, and <i>N. munidae</i>, respectively. In an 18S-based tree, the unknown species was the sister taxon to a clade comprising <i>N. agile</i> and <i>N. munidae</i>, both of which also utilize decapod hosts. The phylogenetic relationships among the 3 <i>Nectonema</i> species parasitic in decapods were not congruent with the phylogeny of the hosts, not supporting a hypothesis of nematomorph-host co-evolution.","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Medina-Morillo, Rute Irgang, Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga, Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
Yersiniosis, caused by Yersinia ruckeri, has become the most common disease in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Peru, affecting Puno and Junín Regions, important aquaculture areas in the country. Florfenicol (FLO) and oxytetracycline (OXY) are the antimicrobials most frequently used to mitigate losses attributed to this pathogen. This study presents an analysis of the susceptibility patterns of 60 Y. ruckeri isolates (30 isolates each from Puno and Junín), including the type strain CECT 4319T and the strains CECT 955 and CECT 956, against FLO and OXY. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined following the guideline for standard broth dilution method published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. MIC results ranged from 4.0 to 8.0 µg ml-1 for FLO and 0.5 to 4.0 µg ml-1 for OXY. Normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) analysis identified epidemiological cut-off values of ≤16.0 µg ml-1 for FLO and ≤4.0 µg ml-1 for OXY. All Peruvian isolates, including the collection strains, were categorized as wild-type for both antimicrobials. Even though the number of Y. ruckeri isolates with MIC values of 8 µg ml-1 for FLO is more than double in Puno than in Junín (15 vs. 7 isolates), the NRI analysis showed the same epidemiological cutoff of 16 µg ml-1; while for OXY, it was 4.0 µg ml-1 for Puno and 2.0 µg ml-1 for Junín. This study establishes the basis for monitoring susceptibility to FLO and OXY in new Y. ruckeri isolates in Peruvian rainbow trout farming.
{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Peruvian Yersinia ruckeri isolates to oxytetracycline and florfenicol using MIC testing.","authors":"Marco Medina-Morillo, Rute Irgang, Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga, Ruben Avendaño-Herrera","doi":"10.3354/dao03810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yersiniosis, caused by Yersinia ruckeri, has become the most common disease in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Peru, affecting Puno and Junín Regions, important aquaculture areas in the country. Florfenicol (FLO) and oxytetracycline (OXY) are the antimicrobials most frequently used to mitigate losses attributed to this pathogen. This study presents an analysis of the susceptibility patterns of 60 Y. ruckeri isolates (30 isolates each from Puno and Junín), including the type strain CECT 4319T and the strains CECT 955 and CECT 956, against FLO and OXY. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined following the guideline for standard broth dilution method published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. MIC results ranged from 4.0 to 8.0 µg ml-1 for FLO and 0.5 to 4.0 µg ml-1 for OXY. Normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) analysis identified epidemiological cut-off values of ≤16.0 µg ml-1 for FLO and ≤4.0 µg ml-1 for OXY. All Peruvian isolates, including the collection strains, were categorized as wild-type for both antimicrobials. Even though the number of Y. ruckeri isolates with MIC values of 8 µg ml-1 for FLO is more than double in Puno than in Junín (15 vs. 7 isolates), the NRI analysis showed the same epidemiological cutoff of 16 µg ml-1; while for OXY, it was 4.0 µg ml-1 for Puno and 2.0 µg ml-1 for Junín. This study establishes the basis for monitoring susceptibility to FLO and OXY in new Y. ruckeri isolates in Peruvian rainbow trout farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"159 ","pages":"127-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coral reefs are lately suffering a fast decline in biodiversity due to the coupled effect of climate change and disease outbreaks, which in recent decades have been reported with higher frequency and shorter intervals. Limited studies have been conducted on coral diseases in the Maldives resulting in the impossibility of assessing the temporal trend in their dynamics. In this context, we evaluated the change in the distribution, prevalence, and host range of 4 diseases, namely black band disease (BBD), brown band disease (BrB), skeletal eroding band (SEB) and white syndrome (WS), in the reef system around Thudufushi Island after an interval of 12 yr since the last assessment. In this period, the overall disease prevalence increased, except for BrB, with SEB showing the most severe increase in 2022 in comparison to 2010. The overall average prevalence of coral diseases is approximately 2%, indicating an increase of about 0.7% since 2010. Diseased coral colonies were found in all the investigated sites, with the east site being the most affected and SEB emerging as the most prevalent disease across all the investigated sites. The affected colonies belong to 13 genera, with Psammocora genus showing the highest overall mean disease prevalence. This study depicted a basic temporal trend in disease prevalence that confirms an increase in coral diseases in the region and calls for a dedicated national monitoring protocol to better understand and predict future coral disease dynamics at regional scales.
{"title":"Temporal patterns in coral disease prevalences at Thudufushi Island, Maldives, 2010-2022.","authors":"Chiara Bises, Jacopo Gobbato, Niccolò Lainati, Inga Dehnert, Federica Siena, Davide Seveso, Enrico Montalbetti, Yohan Didier Louis, Simone Montano","doi":"10.3354/dao03807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coral reefs are lately suffering a fast decline in biodiversity due to the coupled effect of climate change and disease outbreaks, which in recent decades have been reported with higher frequency and shorter intervals. Limited studies have been conducted on coral diseases in the Maldives resulting in the impossibility of assessing the temporal trend in their dynamics. In this context, we evaluated the change in the distribution, prevalence, and host range of 4 diseases, namely black band disease (BBD), brown band disease (BrB), skeletal eroding band (SEB) and white syndrome (WS), in the reef system around Thudufushi Island after an interval of 12 yr since the last assessment. In this period, the overall disease prevalence increased, except for BrB, with SEB showing the most severe increase in 2022 in comparison to 2010. The overall average prevalence of coral diseases is approximately 2%, indicating an increase of about 0.7% since 2010. Diseased coral colonies were found in all the investigated sites, with the east site being the most affected and SEB emerging as the most prevalent disease across all the investigated sites. The affected colonies belong to 13 genera, with Psammocora genus showing the highest overall mean disease prevalence. This study depicted a basic temporal trend in disease prevalence that confirms an increase in coral diseases in the region and calls for a dedicated national monitoring protocol to better understand and predict future coral disease dynamics at regional scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"159 ","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fusarium is a huge genus of filamentous fungi that has the potential to cause emerging diseases. Members of this genus can cause infections in plants, animals and humans. Here, we report the isolation of F. oxysporum and F. equiseti from 2 important fish species, Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) and Tor putitora (golden mahseer), respectively. F. oxysporum has emerged as a significant fungal pathogen causing infection in many fish. However, F. equiseti has been isolated mainly from plants. As far as the available literatures are concerned, this is the first report on the isolation of F. oxysporum and F. equiseti from these hosts. The isolates were identified based on growth morphology and microscopic observation. F. oxysporum produced violet pigmentation on potato dextrose agar, while F. equiseti had yellow colouration. F. oxysporum produced 1- to 2-celled microconidia along with straight or curved macroconidia having 3 to 4 septa. F. equiseti produced abundant macroconidia with 4 or more septa. Species were further confirmed based on the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region. In a molecular phylogeny analysis, F. oxysporum and F. equiseti formed 2 different clades. In an antifungal sensitivity assay, F. oxysporum was found to be susceptible to clotrimazole with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.0 µg ml-1, whereas F. equiseti was susceptible to clotrimazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole. Overall, the main findings of this study are the infection of new hosts by Fusarium species and the limited activity of many antifungal drugs against these pathogens.
镰刀菌是一个庞大的丝状真菌属,有可能导致新出现的疾病。该属的成员可导致植物、动物和人类感染。在此,我们报告了分别从两种重要鱼类 Oncorhynchus mykiss(虹鳟鱼)和 Tor putitora(金鳟鱼)中分离出 F. oxysporum 和 F. equiseti 的情况。F. oxysporum 已成为导致许多鱼类感染的重要真菌病原体。然而,F. equiseti 主要是从植物中分离出来的。就现有文献而言,这是首次从这些寄主中分离出 F. oxysporum 和 F. equiseti 的报告。根据生长形态和显微镜观察对分离物进行了鉴定。F. oxysporum 在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上产生紫色色素,而 F. equiseti 则呈黄色。F. oxysporum 产生 1 至 2 室的微菌丝,以及有 3 至 4 个隔膜的直或弯曲的大菌丝。F. equiseti 产生大量具有 4 个或更多隔膜的大锥体。根据内部转录间隔区的核苷酸序列进一步确认了物种。在分子系统进化分析中,F. oxysporum 和 F. equiseti 形成了两个不同的支系。在抗真菌敏感性试验中,发现 F. oxysporum 对克霉唑敏感,最低抑菌浓度为 1.0 µg ml-1,而 F. equiseti 对克霉唑、酮康唑和氟康唑敏感。总之,这项研究的主要发现是镰刀菌感染了新的寄主,而许多抗真菌药物对这些病原体的活性有限。
{"title":"Identification and antifungal sensitivity of Fusarium species isolated from piscine hosts.","authors":"Victoria Chanu Khangembam, Dimpal Thakuria, Ritesh Shantilal Tandel, Vinita Pant, Nityanand Pandey, Pramod Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.3354/dao03809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium is a huge genus of filamentous fungi that has the potential to cause emerging diseases. Members of this genus can cause infections in plants, animals and humans. Here, we report the isolation of F. oxysporum and F. equiseti from 2 important fish species, Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) and Tor putitora (golden mahseer), respectively. F. oxysporum has emerged as a significant fungal pathogen causing infection in many fish. However, F. equiseti has been isolated mainly from plants. As far as the available literatures are concerned, this is the first report on the isolation of F. oxysporum and F. equiseti from these hosts. The isolates were identified based on growth morphology and microscopic observation. F. oxysporum produced violet pigmentation on potato dextrose agar, while F. equiseti had yellow colouration. F. oxysporum produced 1- to 2-celled microconidia along with straight or curved macroconidia having 3 to 4 septa. F. equiseti produced abundant macroconidia with 4 or more septa. Species were further confirmed based on the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region. In a molecular phylogeny analysis, F. oxysporum and F. equiseti formed 2 different clades. In an antifungal sensitivity assay, F. oxysporum was found to be susceptible to clotrimazole with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.0 µg ml-1, whereas F. equiseti was susceptible to clotrimazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole. Overall, the main findings of this study are the infection of new hosts by Fusarium species and the limited activity of many antifungal drugs against these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"159 ","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Liu, Chenhao Teng, Xurui Zheng, La Xu, Haipeng Cao, Chunlei Gai
Shewanella putrefaciens has been recognized as an emerging important pathogen in aquaculture. However, scarce information is available on the characterization and microbial control of S. putrefaciens as a causal agent of hepatopancreas necrosis disease in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. In this study, a multi-resistant S. putrefaciens isolate (DZ-A) was identified as a causal pathogen of hepatopancreas necrosis disease in Chinese mitten crabs. It showed a lethal dose (LD50) of 2.20 × 105 CFU ml-1 in Chinese mitten crabs, and multiple resistance to aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, macrolide, penicillin, peptide, and tetracycline antimicrobials. In addition, Bdellovibrio powder exhibited a significant antibacterial effect against the pathogenic S. putrefaciens, and conferred significant protection to challenged Chinese mitten crabs with relative percentage survivals of 80.00% to 93.33% via significant improvement in their immune response and antioxidant capability. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the phenotypic characterization and biological control of pathogenic S. putrefaciens in Chinese mitten crabs.
腐生雪旺氏菌已被认为是水产养殖中一种新出现的重要病原体。然而,有关中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺坏死病病原S. putrefaciens的特征和微生物控制的信息却很少。在这项研究中,一个多重耐药的中华绒螯蟹分离株(DZ-A)被确定为中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺坏死病的病原体。它对中华绒螯蟹的致死剂量(LD50)为 2.20 × 105 CFU ml-1,并对氨基糖苷类、氯霉素、大环内酯类、青霉素、肽类和四环素类抗菌药具有多重耐药性。此外,Bdellovibrio 菌粉对致病性 S. putrefaciens 有显著的抗菌作用,并通过显著改善中华绒螯蟹的免疫反应和抗氧化能力,为中华绒螯蟹提供显著的保护,相对存活率为 80.00% 至 93.33%。这项研究的结果为中华绒螯蟹致病性 S. putrefaciens 的表型特征和生物防治提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Shewanella putrefaciens as an emerging pathogen of hepatopancreas necrosis disease in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.","authors":"Jie Liu, Chenhao Teng, Xurui Zheng, La Xu, Haipeng Cao, Chunlei Gai","doi":"10.3354/dao03811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shewanella putrefaciens has been recognized as an emerging important pathogen in aquaculture. However, scarce information is available on the characterization and microbial control of S. putrefaciens as a causal agent of hepatopancreas necrosis disease in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. In this study, a multi-resistant S. putrefaciens isolate (DZ-A) was identified as a causal pathogen of hepatopancreas necrosis disease in Chinese mitten crabs. It showed a lethal dose (LD50) of 2.20 × 105 CFU ml-1 in Chinese mitten crabs, and multiple resistance to aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, macrolide, penicillin, peptide, and tetracycline antimicrobials. In addition, Bdellovibrio powder exhibited a significant antibacterial effect against the pathogenic S. putrefaciens, and conferred significant protection to challenged Chinese mitten crabs with relative percentage survivals of 80.00% to 93.33% via significant improvement in their immune response and antioxidant capability. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the phenotypic characterization and biological control of pathogenic S. putrefaciens in Chinese mitten crabs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"159 ","pages":"143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The assessment of free-ranging cetacean health through the study of skin conditions using photographs has gained prominence in recent years. However, little attention has been given to the relationships between cetacean skin conditions, species, and body condition. To explore this relationship among baleen whale species along the northwestern coast of Spain, we employed a non-invasive method involving photograph analysis. In this study, we examined skin conditions (including injuries, epizoites and ectoparasites, pigmentation disorders, skin lesions, and anatomical malformations) and body condition (overall physical contours and form, as an indicator of nutritional status and health) in 3 species of whales (blue, fin, and minke whales). This methodology facilitated the identification of 29 subcategories of distinct skin conditions and an assessment of body condition over a 5 yr period (2017 to 2021). In our study, we present evidence linking hypopigmentation, protruding pieces of tissue, and tattoo-like lesions to 'Poor' body condition in the 3 baleen whale species. Fin whales exhibited a higher susceptibility to mottling (prevalence = 17.7%), while blue whales were more prone to starbursts (prevalence = 90.5%). Additionally, we found a significant relationship between skin condition diversity and individual body condition. Our findings contribute valuable information to the broader understanding of the health status of baleen whales. Further investigations are necessary to delve into the etiology of the documented skin conditions and their potential implications for individual survival. This study serves as a foundation for ongoing research aimed at advancing our comprehension of these findings.
{"title":"Relationship between skin and body condition in three species of baleen whales.","authors":"Joyce Neves, Séverine Methion, Bruno Díaz López","doi":"10.3354/dao03808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of free-ranging cetacean health through the study of skin conditions using photographs has gained prominence in recent years. However, little attention has been given to the relationships between cetacean skin conditions, species, and body condition. To explore this relationship among baleen whale species along the northwestern coast of Spain, we employed a non-invasive method involving photograph analysis. In this study, we examined skin conditions (including injuries, epizoites and ectoparasites, pigmentation disorders, skin lesions, and anatomical malformations) and body condition (overall physical contours and form, as an indicator of nutritional status and health) in 3 species of whales (blue, fin, and minke whales). This methodology facilitated the identification of 29 subcategories of distinct skin conditions and an assessment of body condition over a 5 yr period (2017 to 2021). In our study, we present evidence linking hypopigmentation, protruding pieces of tissue, and tattoo-like lesions to 'Poor' body condition in the 3 baleen whale species. Fin whales exhibited a higher susceptibility to mottling (prevalence = 17.7%), while blue whales were more prone to starbursts (prevalence = 90.5%). Additionally, we found a significant relationship between skin condition diversity and individual body condition. Our findings contribute valuable information to the broader understanding of the health status of baleen whales. Further investigations are necessary to delve into the etiology of the documented skin conditions and their potential implications for individual survival. This study serves as a foundation for ongoing research aimed at advancing our comprehension of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"159 ","pages":"99-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miku Kawahara, Theresa T Cody, Roy P E Yanong, Eileen Henderson, Zeinab Yazdi, Esteban Soto
Piscine francisellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases affecting various fish species worldwide. Francisella orientalis, F. noatunensis, and F. salimarina (F. marina) have been reported as etiological agents of disease in fish. A Francisella sp. was isolated from several diseased red drum Sciaenops ocellatus experiencing morbidity in Florida, USA, in 2008. In this study, molecular and phenotypic characterization of the recovered isolate was conducted. Phenotypically, the isolate showed a biochemical reaction profile distinct from that of F. orientalis and F. salimarina. Although the 16S rRNA sequence of this isolate shared 99.61% identity to the type strain of F. philomiragia O#319LT, whole genome analysis (average nucleotide identity <95%; digital DNA-DNA hybridization <70%) and a multilocus sequence analysis of 8 concatenated housekeeping genes in comparison with other Francisella spp. indicated that this isolate was a novel Francisella species, more closely related to F. orientalis. Immersion, intracoelomic injection, and co-habitation challenges using a Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerling model of infection were done to investigate virulence in a piscine model. Variably pigmented granulomas and pigmented macrophage aggregates were observed in the kidneys and spleens of the challenged fish, but no mortality was recorded during the 15 d challenge period, suggesting that this novel Francisella sp. might be an opportunistic pathogen of fish. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic differences from other Francisella spp. observed in this study, we propose the name Francisella sciaenopsi sp. nov. for this novel isolate.
鱼类弗朗西斯菌病是影响全球各种鱼类的最重要的细菌性疾病之一。据报道,东方弗朗西斯菌、Noatunensis 弗朗西斯菌和 Salimarina 弗朗西斯菌(F. marina)是鱼类疾病的病原体。2008 年在美国佛罗里达州,从几条发病的红鼓(Sciaenops ocellatus)中分离出了弗朗西斯菌。本研究对该分离菌进行了分子和表型鉴定。从表型上看,该分离株的生化反应特征与 F. orientalis 和 F. salimarina 不同。虽然该分离株的 16S rRNA 序列与 F. philomiragia O#319LT 的模式菌株有 99.61% 的一致性,但全基因组分析(平均核苷酸一致性
{"title":"Francisella sciaenopsi sp. nov. isolated from diseased red drum Sciaenops ocellatus in Florida, USA.","authors":"Miku Kawahara, Theresa T Cody, Roy P E Yanong, Eileen Henderson, Zeinab Yazdi, Esteban Soto","doi":"10.3354/dao03803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Piscine francisellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases affecting various fish species worldwide. Francisella orientalis, F. noatunensis, and F. salimarina (F. marina) have been reported as etiological agents of disease in fish. A Francisella sp. was isolated from several diseased red drum Sciaenops ocellatus experiencing morbidity in Florida, USA, in 2008. In this study, molecular and phenotypic characterization of the recovered isolate was conducted. Phenotypically, the isolate showed a biochemical reaction profile distinct from that of F. orientalis and F. salimarina. Although the 16S rRNA sequence of this isolate shared 99.61% identity to the type strain of F. philomiragia O#319LT, whole genome analysis (average nucleotide identity <95%; digital DNA-DNA hybridization <70%) and a multilocus sequence analysis of 8 concatenated housekeeping genes in comparison with other Francisella spp. indicated that this isolate was a novel Francisella species, more closely related to F. orientalis. Immersion, intracoelomic injection, and co-habitation challenges using a Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerling model of infection were done to investigate virulence in a piscine model. Variably pigmented granulomas and pigmented macrophage aggregates were observed in the kidneys and spleens of the challenged fish, but no mortality was recorded during the 15 d challenge period, suggesting that this novel Francisella sp. might be an opportunistic pathogen of fish. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic differences from other Francisella spp. observed in this study, we propose the name Francisella sciaenopsi sp. nov. for this novel isolate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"159 ","pages":"79-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir Radosavljevic, Oliver Radanovic, Dimitrije Glišic, Nemanja Zdravkovic, Jelena Maksimovic-Zoric, Ksenija Nesic, Bozidar Savic, Bozidar Raškovic
Ichthyophonosis is a disease caused by the mesomycetozoean parasite Ichthyophonus hoferi that affects a variety of fish species, including rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum. This disease is characterized by granulomatous lesions and necrosis in various organs, which can have severe impacts on the health and welfare of the fish. Ichthyophonosis has been found in several parts of the world, including Europe, and is a significant concern in the aquaculture industry and for populations of wild marine fishes. The rainbow trout is a widely cultured salmonid species in many countries, including Serbia. Although the presence of I. hoferi in rainbow trout has been reported in several countries, it has never been documented in Serbia. In this article, we report the first case of ichthyophonosis in rainbow trout in Serbia.
鱼鳞病是由介壳虫寄生虫 Ichthyophonus hoferi 引起的一种疾病,影响多种鱼类,包括虹鳟鱼 Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum。这种疾病的特点是各种器官出现肉芽肿病变和坏死,会严重影响鱼类的健康和福利。鱼鳞病已在包括欧洲在内的世界多个地区发现,是水产养殖业和野生海洋鱼类种群的重大问题。虹鳟是包括塞尔维亚在内的许多国家广泛养殖的鲑鱼品种。虽然多个国家都有关于虹鳟鱼体内存在 I. hoferi 的报道,但在塞尔维亚却从未有过记录。本文报告了塞尔维亚首例虹鳟鱼嗜鱼鳞病病例。
{"title":"First case of ichthyophonosis in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Serbia.","authors":"Vladimir Radosavljevic, Oliver Radanovic, Dimitrije Glišic, Nemanja Zdravkovic, Jelena Maksimovic-Zoric, Ksenija Nesic, Bozidar Savic, Bozidar Raškovic","doi":"10.3354/dao03804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ichthyophonosis is a disease caused by the mesomycetozoean parasite Ichthyophonus hoferi that affects a variety of fish species, including rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum. This disease is characterized by granulomatous lesions and necrosis in various organs, which can have severe impacts on the health and welfare of the fish. Ichthyophonosis has been found in several parts of the world, including Europe, and is a significant concern in the aquaculture industry and for populations of wild marine fishes. The rainbow trout is a widely cultured salmonid species in many countries, including Serbia. Although the presence of I. hoferi in rainbow trout has been reported in several countries, it has never been documented in Serbia. In this article, we report the first case of ichthyophonosis in rainbow trout in Serbia.</p>","PeriodicalId":11252,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of aquatic organisms","volume":"159 ","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}