Dentistry Journal最新文献

Alveolar bone remodeling during the retention phase is essential for successful orthodontic treatment. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is an adjunctive therapy for bone-related diseases that induces osteogenesis and prevents bone loss. This study aimed to examine the role of PEMF exposure during the retention phase of orthodontic treatment in alveolar bone remodeling. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were divided into control, PEMF 7, and PEMF 14 groups; a 50 g force nickel-titanium closed-coil spring was inserted to create mesial movement in the first molar for 21 d. Furthermore, the spring was removed, and the interdental space was filled with glass ionomer cement. Concurrently, rats were exposed to a PEMF at 15 Hz with a maximum intensity of 2.0 mT 2 h daily, for 7 and 14 days. Afterwards, the cements were removed and the rats were euthanized on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 to evaluate the expression of Wnt5a mRNA and the levels of RANKL, OPG, ALP, and Runx2 on the tension side. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and post hoc tests, with p < 0.05 declared statistically significant. PEMF exposure significantly upregulated Wnt5a mRNA expression, OPG and ALP levels, and Runx2 expression, and decreased RANKL levels in the PEMF 7 and 14 groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study showed that PEMF exposure promotes alveolar bone remodeling during the orthodontic retention phase on the tension side by increasing alveolar bone formation and inhibiting resorption.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and the glycolic extract of propolis (GEP) as endodontic irrigants and of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂], CHX, or Ca(OH)₂ + CHX as intracanal medications on the capacity of the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Enterococcus faecalis in macrophages' proinflammatory cytokines production. Freshly extracted 108 human single-rooted teeth were used in this study. The LTA of E. faecalis was standardized in double-distilled pyrogen-free water (250 µg/mL) and inoculated into the specimens subdivided into nine subgroups (n = 12). Cultures of murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were treated with 30 µL of each sample collected from root canals and incubated (37 °C, 5% CO₂) for 24 h. Lastly, anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-6, anti-IP-10, anti-MIP-1α, anti-G-CSF, and anti-IL-1β DuoSet kits were used to perform an ELISA assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p ≥ 0.05). It was found that 1% NaOCl was the most effective irrigant in reducing the capacity of LTA in cytokines production, followed by 12% GEP and 2% CHX, respectively. Ca(OH)₂ + CHX presented the best results when associated with NaOCl or GEP. Thus, NaOCl or GEP associated with Ca(OH)₂ + CHX were effective in reducing the capacity of LTA in different macrophages pro-inflammatory cytokines production.

Composite resins are the material of choice for direct restorations, and their success depends mainly on their color stability, since discoloration causes color mismatch, and consequent patient dissatisfaction. A single- and a multi-shade resin were compared in order to evaluate their pigmentation after immersion in staining substances and to investigate the effect of the polymerization time on their color stability. Two-hundred-and-forty composite specimens were created, half made of a single-shade (Group ONE, n = 120) and half of a multi-shade composite (Group OXP, n = 120). Each group was further divided into ONE30 (n = 60) and OXP30 (n = 60), polymerized for 30″, and ONE80 (n = 60) and OXP80 (n = 60), polymerized for 80″. Randomly, the specimens were immersed in turmeric solution, soy sauce, energy drink, or artificial saliva. By means of a spectrophotometer, ΔE₀₀ and WI_d were calculated at 24 h (T₀), at 7 (T₁), and 30 (T₂) days. Single-shade composites showed statistically significant differences in color change from the turmeric solution, energy drink, and soy sauce than the multi-shade composites (p < 0.005), showing a higher discoloration potential. The polymerization time did not have significative effects on color stability. Single-shade composites showed more color change than multi-shade systems after immersion in staining substances, and the curing time did not influence color variations.

Background: The choice of the correct color is of paramount importance in esthetic dentistry; however, there is still no consensus on the best technique to determine it. The aim of the present study is to compare the accuracy of a recently introduced colorimeter in shade matching with human vision. In addition, possible variables affecting color-matching by human eye have been analysed.

Methods: 18 disc-shaped composite samples with identical size and shape were produced from a composite flow system (Enamel plus HriHF, Micerium): Nine were considered control samples (UD 0-UD 6), and nine were test samples with identical flow composite shade to the control ones. Parallelly, 70 individuals (dental students and dental field professionals) were individually instructed to sit in a dark room illuminated with D55 light and to perform visual shade matching between control and test discs. An error matrix containing ΔE₉₄ between control and test discs was generated, containing four match-clusters depending on perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. The frequency and severity of errors were examined.

Results: The colorimeter achieved a 100% perfect matching, while individuals only achieved a 78%. A higher occurrence of mismatches was noted for intermediate composite shades without a statistically significant difference. No statistically significant differences were reported for age, sex, and experience. A statistically significant difference was present among the Optishade match and the visual determination.

Conclusions: The instrumental shade-matching evaluation proved to be significantly more reliable than the human visual system. Further research is needed to determine whether the same outcomes are achieved in a clinical setting directly on patients.

Root canal therapy (RCT) is usually performed in Romania by general dentists (GDPs) because they are more readily available and more reasonably priced than endodontists. Concerns have been raised about the quality of RCTs performed by GDPs, possibly due to insufficient equipment or knowledge; therefore, this study aims to investigate current endodontic practices in Romania. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via a questionnaire distributed to 400 randomly selected Romanian dentists, with 285 fully validated completed responses (71.25% response rate). Respondents were grouped by speciality, and statistical analysis, including cross-tabulation and the χ² (chi-square) test, was used, with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05 for all tests. Results: Significant differences were found in the use of magnification, rubber dam, sodium hypochlorite concentration, and bioceramics (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in preferences for measuring working length (p = 0.166) or rotary instrument motion (p = 0.289). Approximately 6% of the respondents used laser technology with no significant difference across specialities (p = 0.571). Additionally, 77.9% preferred using sodium hypochlorite, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.006) regarding concentration. Conclusions: Most participants, including GDPs, use modern equipment and techniques during RCT, indicating their awareness and competence in current endodontic practices.

Adolescents and young adults' active lifestyles make dental trauma a significant medical concern.

Aim: This study aims to assess the etiology, frequency, and localization of dental and periodontal trauma in adolescents and young adults, along with these individuals' predisposition based on age, gender, and residence. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 109 adolescents and young adults from a database of the Emergency and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department at "Sf. Spiridon" Hospital, Iasi, Romania. The collected data included demographic details, mechanisms of dental and periodontal trauma, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, with comparisons based on age, gender, and residence.

Results: Enamel fractures (23.9%) and enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure (20.2%) were the most frequent dental injuries. Concussion (58.7%), subluxation (21.1%), luxation, avulsion (7.3%), and extrusion (5.5%) were common periodontal injuries. The anterior region of the dental arch accounted for the majority (60.6%) of injuries. Adolescents under 17 years were more prone to enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure (23.8%), enamel-dentin fractures with pulp exposure (20.6%), and root fractures (20.6%), while young adults over 18 years had a higher incidence of enamel fractures (32.6%) and crown-root fractures (30.4%). Falls (66.7%) were the predominant cause of trauma for female patients, whereas male patients were more often injured during sports activities (49.3%). The younger age group was 0.29 times more likely to sustain enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure (p = 0.049, OR = 0.291) and root fractures (p = 0.047, OR = 0.241).

Conclusions: Traumatic dental injuries are more prevalent in young adults compared to adolescents, with falls and sports activities being the most common causes, particularly among males. These findings emphasize the need for targeted preventive programs aimed at reducing the incidence of dento-periodontal trauma in these age groups.

Previously, we reported the serious game HistoRM as an innovative learning approach for an oral histology course. This study aimed to examine the impact of HistoRM on summative assessment and the enablers and barriers factors affecting HistoRM as an interactive learning strategy in an oral histology course. A crossover randomized controlled trial was performed. Study participants were first-year dental students at the Universitas Indonesia. The average final grades of students who participated in HistoRM serious game were significantly higher than those of students who did not participate in this trial (p < 0.001). Positive responses of HistoRM were observed in the learning content, games and learning experience domains. The enabler factors most recognized by the students were the game method, which helped students to understand the learning materials; the immediate feedback provided following each gameplay; as well as the fun and interesting gameplay. The barrier factors most recognized by the students were some challenges of the gameplay, which resulted in a longer time needed to study. While the HistoRM serious game can stimulate student motivation and engagement in learning oral histology, overcoming the barriers is essential for the implementation of serious games as a complementary learning approach in the dental curriculum.

This in vitro study assessed the efficacy of three cleaning methods on lithium disilicate ceramic after the application of different try-in pastes through SEM analysis. Ten rectangular specimens of IPS e.max CAD were prepared using a diamond disc, crystallized, etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid, and subjected to three try-in pastes-Calibra ©, Variolink (V), RelyX Veneer^®-and three cleaning techniques-air-water spray (RD), ultrasonic bath in distilled water for five minutes (ULT/W), and ultrasonic bath in distilled alcohol for five minutes (ULT/A). A control specimen was also included. After one-minute paste application and subsequent cleaning method application, SEM evaluation was conducted. The results indicate that RD was as effective as CTRL in removing remnants from R-RD, V-ULT/W and V-ULT/A samples, but ineffective for all Calibra paste-contaminated specimens. In conclusion, the optimal removal of try-in paste residues from lithium disilicate restorations is paste-dependent; however, ultrasonic baths with distilled water or alcohol proved effective for most pastes tested.

The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of intra-, peri-, and post-operative bleeding following tooth extractions in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Consecutive patients requiring at least one dental extraction were enrolled. The DOAC regimen was either maintained or suspended. Patients were classified in subgroups depending on the number of teeth extracted per procedure (≤3 or >3), the need for flap elevation, and the performance of osteotomy. Bleeding was recorded intra-operatively; peri-operatively at 20, 40, 60, and 80 min after the procedure; and daily in the first seven days following tooth extractions. Forty-nine patients treated with DOACs (17 with rivaroxaban, 16 with apixaban, 8 with edoxaban, and 8 with dabigatran) were enrolled. Of them, 33 refrained from DOAC administration pre-operatively. The performances of >3 teeth extractions, flap elevation, and osteotomy were significantly associated with higher bleeding rates (p < 0.05). In patients treated with rivaroxaban and apixaban, bleeding episodes were more frequent. Although DOAC treatment may increase the rates of intra-operative, peri-operative, and post-operative bleeding, the recorded episodes were mild and manageable. DOAC suspension may reduce peri-operative bleeding, while no effect could be observed for post-operative bleeding.

This study aimed to describe the changes produced on the occlusal plane (OP), the mandibular position and the dentoalveolar compensations of patients with distalization of the maxillary/mandibular arch assisted by mini-screws (MS). A descriptive case-series study was performed using the digital lateral cephalograms (DLC) of nine patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and required the use of MS for a complete distalization of the maxillary/mandibular arch. Records were collected at three different times (T1-T2-T3) and digitally analyzed (variables: Skeletal diagnosis; maxillary occlusal plane; position of the maxilla/mandible; and dentoalveolar changes of the distalization arch tracing the longitudinal axis of incisors/molars regarding the palatal/mandibular plane). Findings show that the OP varied from T1-T2-T3 in all cases, indicating its stepping or flattening. ODI, APDI, SNA, SNB, and ANB changed minimally in all cases, without variations in the mandibular position or in the skeletal diagnosis. Dentoalveolar measurements also showed differences between T1-T2-T3. In summary, conventional orthodontic treatment modified the OP during the first phase of treatment. Moreover, the distalization mechanics with MS changed the OP and produced dentoalveolar changes, mainly in the inclination of incisors and molars. Other measures considered in the study did not change substantially.