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Large-scale studies in the field of omics have been successfully exploring the differences in gene expression, protein and metabolite abundance and modification of post-translational protein, and providing a different level of views for the cellular processes occur in cells. Proteomics and metabolomics are new addition to the ‘omics’ field, but both of them are still developing its own computational infrastructure by assessing the computational needs of its own. Due to the strong knowledge on chemical information and the importance of linking this chemical information to biological consequences, proteomics and metabolomics combines the elements of traditional bioinformatics and cheminformatics.

Background

The present effort was to evaluate antioxidant activities and lipid profiling of five varieties of seed oils of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus integrifolia, Artocarpus hirsutus, Artocarpus incisus, and Artocarpus integer), one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to Western Ghats of India.

Materials and methods

Soxhlet extraction method was used for the extraction of oil, antioxidant activities estimated by well-known methods together with, fatty acid composition of jackfruit seed oils were determined with Gas Chromatography.

Results

The seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction method with analytical grade hexane as refluxing solvent. The seed oil exhibited striking Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging Assay (DPPH), ferric reducing or antioxidant power assay (FRAP), reducing power assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Fatty acid profile was analyzed by comparing retention times of gas chromatogram peaks of test seed oils with that of retention times of the authentic standards.

Conclusion

Artocarpus seed oils show signs of remarkable antioxidant properties and as priceless food in providing essential fatty acids and its antioxidant activities supportive in the maintenance of health and as medicine in the management of various chronic diseases.

Hepatotoxicity in one of the major parameters need to be consider in drug therapy, because most of the drugs in single at low/high doses for a prolonged period or multiple drug therapy causes liver damage. Chicory is a Mediterranean herb that has been used as a coffee filler or substitute. It contains no caffeine and has a chocolate-like flavor

Aim

The present study aimed to investigates the possible hepatoprotective activity of Cichorium intybus (Linn.) against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats.

Methods

Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the C. intybus (Linn.) roots were used in the study for determination of hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats. A comparison was also made between the actions of C. intybus (Linn.) root extracts and a known hepatoprotective drug silymarin. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried. Biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, SALP and total bilirubin and histopathological studies were used to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity. Acute toxicity studies were carried out according to OECD (420) guidelines and 400 mg/kg BW for both extracts was selected for the present study.

Results

Showed that both extracts found to have significant hepatoprotective activity, reduces the elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, SALP and Total bilirubin. But aqueous extract found to have hepatoprotective activity almost compared to silymarin. Histopathology showed regeneration of hepatocytes to normal, with the root extracts further confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of extracts of C. intybus (Linn.).

Conclusion

Results indicate that it is worth undertaking further studies on possible usefulness of the extracts of the roots of C. intybus (Linn.) in hepatotoxicity.

Aim

It is suggested here that liquisolid technique has the potential to be optimized for the reduction of drug dissolution rate and thereby production of sustained release tablets matrices of Trimetazidine Di hydrochloride (TZH a water soluble drug).

Method

TZH was dispersed in polsorbate-80 a non-volatile liquid vehicle. Then a binary mixture of carrier–coating materials (Ethyl cellulose (F1, F2 and F3), Eudragit L-100 (E1, E2 and E3) and RS-100 (S1, S2 and S3) as the carrier and aerosil as the coating material) was added to the liquid medication under continuous stirring. Precompression studies, such as flow properties were also carried out. The formed mixture was compressed to get tablets matrices by using the tableting machine. The prepared liquisolid matrix tablets were evaluated by hardness, friability, and in vitro dissolution studies. The dissolution profile of the prepared SR matrix tablets were compared with a marketed formulation (MR). TZH tablets prepared by liquisolid technique showed greater retardation, when compared with marketed matrix tablets.

Conclusion

This investigation provided evidence that Polysorbate-80 (Tween 80) has important role in sustaining the release of drug from liquisolid matrices. The dissolution profile followed the Higuchi and Peppas model, shows near zero order release for prolonged period. The FT-IR spectra revealed that there is no interaction between drug-excipients used; there is no significant difference in the mean percentage of drug released from formulation E3 after storing for 6 months at 40 ± 2 °C/75 ± 25% RH, after 12 h. The amount of TZH released from marketed formulation (MR) and Liquisolid matrices (E3), showed a significant difference statistically (ANOVA P < 0.05).

Rice beer has always been an integral part of daily life in Assam. Rice beer in Assam is used in religious ceremonies as well as festivals. North–East India is inhabited by many indigenous tribes and as a part of their socio-cultural life, most of these tribes prepare their own household liquors, mostly using rice grains as the substrate. In addition, each of the tribes also prepares their own unique starter cultures to carry out fermentation, and each type is a mixture of different parts of various plant species. The paper reflects the rich ethno medicinal values of the herbs used in the preparation of rice beer. The various plants used by Bodo, Karbi, Ahom, Deori, Rabha, Mising and Sonowal Kachari tribes of Assam in the preparation of traditional rice beer or liquor have been reported in this article along with their ethno medicinal use. This review gives an overview of some important medicinal plants with their medicinal activities which are traditionally used in Assam for preparation of rice beer.

Next-Generation Sequencing technology provides remarkable opportunities to characterize personal or individual genome sequencing and to identifying mutations relevant for disease diagnosis and therapy. The Whole-Exome sequencing using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is promoting popularity in the human genetics community due to the reasonable costs, feasible data quantity and forthright interpretation of analysis results. This review discusses methods and the challenges in the analysis of NGS data and their potential applications in clinical diagnosis in the Next-Generation Exome sequencing.

Objective

To investigate the protective role of the Tinospora cordifolia root extract against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.

Methods

In the present study, the ethanol extract of roots of T. cordifolia (200 mg & 400 mg/kg bd.wt) was examined for its protective effect against cisplatin induced renal injury in rats. Thirty healthy male and female albino rats (150–200 g weight) were chosen and divided into five groups. Vehicle, cisplatin and ethanolic extract were given according to the experimental design. After 8 days of treatment, urinary functional parameters were analysed.

Results

Histopathological characters were examined after scarifying and dissecting the rats. Cisplatin (6 mg/kg) alone significantly elevated serum markers level, increased urinary protein excretion, reduced urine to serum creatinine ratio and creatinine clearance. In curative regimen, the extract significantly reduced the elevated serum creatinine and urea levels. Renal antioxidant defense systems, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxides activities and reduced glutathione level, depleted by cisplatin therapy were restored to normal by treatment with the extract.

Conclusion

The present investigation suggests that the hydro alcoholic extract of roots of T. cordifolia has protective effect against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.

With the increase of resistance to conventionally used existing synthetic insecticides, vector management has become extremely challenging. Hence more attention has been focused on newly synthesized benzophenone integrated indole analogues. Therefore our present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of synthesized benzophenone integrated indoles against the larvae of filariasis vector mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus employing standard WHO procedure at Mysore. Among all the synthesized compounds the efficacy of compounds 7a, 7b and 7j seemed to be efficient with LC₅₀ values of 9.17, 3.93 and 1.63 ppm respectively and LC₉₀ values of 24.17, 8.85 and 6.17 ppm respectively. From the results, compounds 7a, 7b and 7j seemed could be considered as powerful candidates to bring about useful synthetic insecticides so as to prevent the resurgence of mosquito vectors.