Pub Date : 2019-09-22DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43259
Sri Wahdaningsih, E. K. Untari, Robiyanto
Pre-clinically, the potential of Eleutherine americana Merr. as antioxidant has been studied, but it’s safety level of its safety has not been widely known. Safety level of ethanolic extract of E. americana Merr leaves (EEEaL) can be detected by acute toxicity test using OECD 425. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of EEEaL as the guideline of its safe dose for therapy. This test was performed through OECD 425 (Up and Down Procedure) method with two doses (2000 and 5000 mg/kgbw) of EEEaL administration orally which observed for two weeks toward Wistar rats. The results of the test dose showed no toxic symptoms and they did not cause death in the test animals. Single dosage up to 5000 mg/kgbw also did not show any symptoms of toxicity, and did not cause weight loss until the 14th day of test. The LD50 value of EEEaL is more than 5000 mg/kgbw, suggesting that the plants is practically non toxic according to Loomis classification. Phytochemical screening showed that EEEaL contains compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and saponins. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 171-177, 2019 (December)
{"title":"Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanolic Extract of Dayak Onion Leaves (Eleutherine americana Merr.) Toward Wistar Female Rats Using OECD 425 Method","authors":"Sri Wahdaningsih, E. K. Untari, Robiyanto","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43259","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-clinically, the potential of Eleutherine americana Merr. as antioxidant has been studied, but it’s safety level of its safety has not been widely known. Safety level of ethanolic extract of E. americana Merr leaves (EEEaL) can be detected by acute toxicity test using OECD 425. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of EEEaL as the guideline of its safe dose for therapy. This test was performed through OECD 425 (Up and Down Procedure) method with two doses (2000 and 5000 mg/kgbw) of EEEaL administration orally which observed for two weeks toward Wistar rats. The results of the test dose showed no toxic symptoms and they did not cause death in the test animals. Single dosage up to 5000 mg/kgbw also did not show any symptoms of toxicity, and did not cause weight loss until the 14th day of test. The LD50 value of EEEaL is more than 5000 mg/kgbw, suggesting that the plants is practically non toxic according to Loomis classification. Phytochemical screening showed that EEEaL contains compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and saponins. \u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 171-177, 2019 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83537291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-22DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43264
Suvash Chandra Roy, Bk Sajeeb, Abdul Muhit, S. C. Bachar
The present study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extract of aerial parts of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. and its different solvent fractions. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The analysis revealed that ethyl acetate soluble fraction had the highest DPPH radicals scavenging property with IC50 value of 1.05 μg/ml as compared to positive control ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.34 μg/ml). In addition, ex vivo cytotoxicity assay of A. capillus-veneris L. extract and its different fractions were performed against HELA cells line where 5-Fluorouracil was used as positive control. The result demonstrated that ethyl acetate and n-hexane soluble fractions showed prominent cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 5.68 μg/ml and 17.15 μg/ml, respectively. The study affirmed that superior antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were shown by ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract of aerial parts of A. capillus-veneris L. growing in Bangladesh which indicate the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents in the extractives. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 217-222, 2019 (December)
{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Aerial Parts of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Growing in Bangladesh","authors":"Suvash Chandra Roy, Bk Sajeeb, Abdul Muhit, S. C. Bachar","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43264","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extract of aerial parts of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. and its different solvent fractions. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The analysis revealed that ethyl acetate soluble fraction had the highest DPPH radicals scavenging property with IC50 value of 1.05 μg/ml as compared to positive control ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.34 μg/ml). In addition, ex vivo cytotoxicity assay of A. capillus-veneris L. extract and its different fractions were performed against HELA cells line where 5-Fluorouracil was used as positive control. The result demonstrated that ethyl acetate and n-hexane soluble fractions showed prominent cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 5.68 μg/ml and 17.15 μg/ml, respectively. The study affirmed that superior antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were shown by ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract of aerial parts of A. capillus-veneris L. growing in Bangladesh which indicate the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents in the extractives. \u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 217-222, 2019 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76372429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-22DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43258
S. Niranjani, K. Venkatachalam
UV spectrophotometric methods for the determination of pitavastatin calcium in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms were developed and validated as per ICH guidelines. The standard pitavastatin calcium solutions were scanned between the ranges of 200-400 nm. The maximum absorbance of pitavastatin calcium in DMF (method A), HCl (method B) and NaOH (method C) was recorded at 266 nm. They obeyed Beers law concentration in the range of 10-45 μg/ml (method A), 0.25-2.0 μg/ml (method B) and 0.25-2.0 μg/ml (method C) with correlation coefficients 0.9996, 0.9998 and 0.9998 respectively. Stability study showed high stability of pitavastatin calcium in acidic, alkaline medium and at high temperature, but undergone degradation in oxidative stress condition. The developed methods were validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, ruggedness, robustness and recovery studies. The proposed methods can be successfully used for the routine quality control analysis of pitavastatin calcium in bulk and commercial pharmaceutical formulations. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 159-169, 2019 (December)
{"title":"Method Development and Validation of Pitavastatin Calcium and its Degradation Behavior under varied Stress Conditions by UV Spectrophotometric methods","authors":"S. Niranjani, K. Venkatachalam","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43258","url":null,"abstract":"UV spectrophotometric methods for the determination of pitavastatin calcium in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms were developed and validated as per ICH guidelines. The standard pitavastatin calcium solutions were scanned between the ranges of 200-400 nm. The maximum absorbance of pitavastatin calcium in DMF (method A), HCl (method B) and NaOH (method C) was recorded at 266 nm. They obeyed Beers law concentration in the range of 10-45 μg/ml (method A), 0.25-2.0 μg/ml (method B) and 0.25-2.0 μg/ml (method C) with correlation coefficients 0.9996, 0.9998 and 0.9998 respectively. Stability study showed high stability of pitavastatin calcium in acidic, alkaline medium and at high temperature, but undergone degradation in oxidative stress condition. The developed methods were validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, ruggedness, robustness and recovery studies. The proposed methods can be successfully used for the routine quality control analysis of pitavastatin calcium in bulk and commercial pharmaceutical formulations. \u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 159-169, 2019 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73276186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-22DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43261
P. Lakshmi, K. Harini
The present investigation was aimed to develop a thermo-reversible nasal in situ gel of atomoxetine hydrochloride (AH) with reduced nasal muco-ciliary clearance in order to improve residence time and targeting the brain through nasal mucosa for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In situ gel formulations were prepared using different concentrations of the thermo-gelling poloxamer 407 and mucoadhesive polymers. Temperature-triggered ionic gelation is the mechanism involved. Taguchi L9 OA experimental design was employed for the optimization of the effect of independent variables (Poloxamer 407 and Carbopol 934P) on the response (gelation temperature). In situ gel formulation F4 having 20% poloxamer 407 and 0.3% carbopol 934P and formulation F6 having 20% poloxamer 407 and 0.2% HPMC K100 were optimized based on evaluation parameters. The gelation temperature of F4 and F6 was found to be 37°C ± 0.4 and 37°C ± 0.2, drug content 98.34 and 98.33% and drug release was 83.18, 82.4% in 4 hrs with a flux of 436.9 and 428.1 μg.cm2/hr, respectively. The release pattern of drug followed first-order kinetics with Higuchi release mechanism. The value of ‘n’ from Korsemeyer equation indicated the anomalous diffusional drug release. This study concluded that in situ gel enhanced the nasal residence time and thus may improve the bioavailability of the drug through nasal route by avoiding first pass metabolism Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 183-193, 2019 (December)
{"title":"Design and Optimization of Thermo-reversible Nasal in situ Gel of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Using Taguchi Orthogonal Array Design","authors":"P. Lakshmi, K. Harini","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43261","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was aimed to develop a thermo-reversible nasal in situ gel of atomoxetine hydrochloride (AH) with reduced nasal muco-ciliary clearance in order to improve residence time and targeting the brain through nasal mucosa for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In situ gel formulations were prepared using different concentrations of the thermo-gelling poloxamer 407 and mucoadhesive polymers. Temperature-triggered ionic gelation is the mechanism involved. Taguchi L9 OA experimental design was employed for the optimization of the effect of independent variables (Poloxamer 407 and Carbopol 934P) on the response (gelation temperature). In situ gel formulation F4 having 20% poloxamer 407 and 0.3% carbopol 934P and formulation F6 having 20% poloxamer 407 and 0.2% HPMC K100 were optimized based on evaluation parameters. The gelation temperature of F4 and F6 was found to be 37°C ± 0.4 and 37°C ± 0.2, drug content 98.34 and 98.33% and drug release was 83.18, 82.4% in 4 hrs with a flux of 436.9 and 428.1 μg.cm2/hr, respectively. The release pattern of drug followed first-order kinetics with Higuchi release mechanism. The value of ‘n’ from Korsemeyer equation indicated the anomalous diffusional drug release. This study concluded that in situ gel enhanced the nasal residence time and thus may improve the bioavailability of the drug through nasal route by avoiding first pass metabolism \u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 183-193, 2019 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75002325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-22DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43262
Samiul Islam, Nisat Zahan, S. Hossain, A. S. Rouf
The aim of this study was to investigate whether fruit juices available in markets of Bangladesh contain any preservative. A specific RP-HPLC method was developed, validated and applied to identify and quantify preservatives including benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben simultaneously in 50 different products. These additives were separated by C18 column in mobile phase composed of methanol and acetate buffer (pH 4.4) in the ratio of 50:50 with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min, and detected at 254 nm. Linearities for benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben were determined in the range of 20-170 ppm (r2 0.997), 12-42 ppm (r2 0.994), 10-60 ppm (r2 0.993) and 10-60 ppm (r2 0.992) respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 5.46 ppm and 16.5 ppm for benzoic acid while for sorbic acid they were 1.08 ppm and 3.30 ppm, respectively. Benzoic acid was detected in a range of 96.1 to 441 ppm in 9 fruit juices while in 7 fruit juices sorbic acid was found in a range of 105 - 444 ppm. The values were within the maximum allowable ranges for fruit juice (1000 ppm for both benzoic acid and sorbic acid) as suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). None of the juice product was found to contain methyl paraben or propyl paraben Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 195-208, 2019 (December)
{"title":"Determination of Preservatives in Fruit Juice Products Available in Bangladesh by a Validated RP HPLC Method","authors":"Samiul Islam, Nisat Zahan, S. Hossain, A. S. Rouf","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43262","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate whether fruit juices available in markets of Bangladesh contain any preservative. A specific RP-HPLC method was developed, validated and applied to identify and quantify preservatives including benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben simultaneously in 50 different products. These additives were separated by C18 column in mobile phase composed of methanol and acetate buffer (pH 4.4) in the ratio of 50:50 with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min, and detected at 254 nm. Linearities for benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben were determined in the range of 20-170 ppm (r2 0.997), 12-42 ppm (r2 0.994), 10-60 ppm (r2 0.993) and 10-60 ppm (r2 0.992) respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 5.46 ppm and 16.5 ppm for benzoic acid while for sorbic acid they were 1.08 ppm and 3.30 ppm, respectively. Benzoic acid was detected in a range of 96.1 to 441 ppm in 9 fruit juices while in 7 fruit juices sorbic acid was found in a range of 105 - 444 ppm. The values were within the maximum allowable ranges for fruit juice (1000 ppm for both benzoic acid and sorbic acid) as suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). None of the juice product was found to contain methyl paraben or propyl paraben \u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 195-208, 2019 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84255470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-22DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43255
M. Islam, K. Sikdar, Asm Monjur Al Hossain, A. Faroque
Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the biggest challenges faced by the health professionals worldwide. Bacteria are becoming resistant to commonly used antibiotics and various factors have been identified that are responsible for the resistance. Factors like poor quality of antibiotic products, unethical marketing practices by pharmaceutical companies, irrational use of antibiotics by the physicians and patient incompliance are also common in Bangladesh. To carry out this study, firstly the extent of antibiotic resistance was evaluated by collecting clinical isolates from various diagnostic centers of Dhaka City and conducting antibiotic susceptibility test against commonly used antibiotics. The product quality was evaluated by collecting antibiotic products of different generics from various locations around Bangladesh and then performing drug content assay by HPLC method. Finally, to evaluate patient incompliance, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted on patients who took or had taken antibiotics recently and the collected data was analyzed statistically. The result of the investigation reveals that more than 80% of the collected Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates were resistant to currently used antibiotics like, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, cefixime, cefuroxime, and moxifloxacin. Similar holds true for the collected Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates. The product quality in terms of drug content and dissolution was good for most products irrespective of whether the manufacturer had a high market value or not. Patients survey revealed that 82% discontinued antibiotic therapy was due to carelessness (49%), a false sense of cure (36%) and high cost (15%). Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 135-143, 2019 (December)
{"title":"Study on the Pattern of Antibiotic Use Including the Resistance Episodes in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, K. Sikdar, Asm Monjur Al Hossain, A. Faroque","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43255","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the biggest challenges faced by the health professionals worldwide. Bacteria are becoming resistant to commonly used antibiotics and various factors have been identified that are responsible for the resistance. Factors like poor quality of antibiotic products, unethical marketing practices by pharmaceutical companies, irrational use of antibiotics by the physicians and patient incompliance are also common in Bangladesh. To carry out this study, firstly the extent of antibiotic resistance was evaluated by collecting clinical isolates from various diagnostic centers of Dhaka City and conducting antibiotic susceptibility test against commonly used antibiotics. The product quality was evaluated by collecting antibiotic products of different generics from various locations around Bangladesh and then performing drug content assay by HPLC method. Finally, to evaluate patient incompliance, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted on patients who took or had taken antibiotics recently and the collected data was analyzed statistically. The result of the investigation reveals that more than 80% of the collected Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates were resistant to currently used antibiotics like, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, cefixime, cefuroxime, and moxifloxacin. Similar holds true for the collected Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates. The product quality in terms of drug content and dissolution was good for most products irrespective of whether the manufacturer had a high market value or not. Patients survey revealed that 82% discontinued antibiotic therapy was due to carelessness (49%), a false sense of cure (36%) and high cost (15%). \u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 135-143, 2019 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89813066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-22DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43263
J. Hasan, R. Rabbani, S. C. Bachar
Polymyxins are the last resort antibiotics for treating carbapenem-resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp)-associated bacteremia. The main aim of this study was to demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of polymyxin B versus colistin in the treatment of CR-Kp-associated Bacteremia. This 12-month long cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 and 47 patients suffering from CR-Kp-associated Bacteremia, and residing into two separate groups, they were treated with polymyxin B and colistin, respectively. After 5 day-treatment, the microbiological eradication rate was found 96.30% (52; n=54) in polymyxin B group and 87.23% (41; n=47) in colistin group. In the 30-day mortality rate-comparison, 51.03% more death was found in colistin group (34.04 %, n= 47) than the polymyxin B group (16.67 %, n= 54). In this study, Polymyxin B showed superior therapeutic potentiality with less number of secondary infections and 30-day mortality rate in CR-Kp-associated bacteremia than colistin. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 209-215, 2019 (December)
{"title":"Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Polymyxin B Versus Colistin in Carbapenem-resistanct Klebsiella pneumoniae-Associated Bacteremia","authors":"J. Hasan, R. Rabbani, S. C. Bachar","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43263","url":null,"abstract":"Polymyxins are the last resort antibiotics for treating carbapenem-resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp)-associated bacteremia. The main aim of this study was to demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of polymyxin B versus colistin in the treatment of CR-Kp-associated Bacteremia. This 12-month long cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 and 47 patients suffering from CR-Kp-associated Bacteremia, and residing into two separate groups, they were treated with polymyxin B and colistin, respectively. After 5 day-treatment, the microbiological eradication rate was found 96.30% (52; n=54) in polymyxin B group and 87.23% (41; n=47) in colistin group. In the 30-day mortality rate-comparison, 51.03% more death was found in colistin group (34.04 %, n= 47) than the polymyxin B group (16.67 %, n= 54). In this study, Polymyxin B showed superior therapeutic potentiality with less number of secondary infections and 30-day mortality rate in CR-Kp-associated bacteremia than colistin. \u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 209-215, 2019 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78570300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-22DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43256
M. Budikafa, Rumiyati, S. Riyanto, A. Rohman
This research was intended to evaluate the antiradical activity of extracts and fractions of rambutan seed using 2,2’- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+). The powder of rambutan seed was subjected to maceration with methanol. The methanolic extract obtained was then fractionated using petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EA) to obtain PE, DCM and EA fractions, respectively. The methanol extract and fractions were then assayed for antiradical activities and phenolics and flavonoid contents.The results showed that EA fraction has lowest IC50 values among extract and fractions evaluated, i.e. 244.6 ± 2.1 μg/ml using DPPH radical. Using ABTS radical, EA fraction (0.1%) also revealed the highest antiradical activity of 643.4 ± 34.9 μM trolox equivalent. However, these antiradical activities were lower than those in positive controls used (vitamin C and vitamin E). The antiradical activities of extract and fractions correlated with total phenolics and flavonoid contents. The seed of rambutan fruit could be exploited as natural antioxidants to be used in food supplements. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 145-152, 2019 (December)
{"title":"2,2’-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging assay of Extract and Fractions of Rambutan (Nephelium Lappaceum L.) Seed","authors":"M. Budikafa, Rumiyati, S. Riyanto, A. Rohman","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43256","url":null,"abstract":"This research was intended to evaluate the antiradical activity of extracts and fractions of rambutan seed using 2,2’- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+). The powder of rambutan seed was subjected to maceration with methanol. The methanolic extract obtained was then fractionated using petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EA) to obtain PE, DCM and EA fractions, respectively. The methanol extract and fractions were then assayed for antiradical activities and phenolics and flavonoid contents.The results showed that EA fraction has lowest IC50 values among extract and fractions evaluated, i.e. 244.6 ± 2.1 μg/ml using DPPH radical. Using ABTS radical, EA fraction (0.1%) also revealed the highest antiradical activity of 643.4 ± 34.9 μM trolox equivalent. However, these antiradical activities were lower than those in positive controls used (vitamin C and vitamin E). The antiradical activities of extract and fractions correlated with total phenolics and flavonoid contents. The seed of rambutan fruit could be exploited as natural antioxidants to be used in food supplements. \u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 145-152, 2019 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83638234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.3329/DUJPS.V18I1.41894
S. Kumar, P. Srivastava
Electrochemical synthesis of 2-phenylamino-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been carried out in good yields at platinum electrode through the electrochemical oxidation of acyl thiosemicarbazide at room temperature in acetic acid. Two platinum electrodes in the form of square plates were used as working as well as counter electrode and saturated calomel electrode was used as reference electrode. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by IR, NMR, mass spectral and elemental analyses. The antibacterial activity of the derivatives was also assessed and compared with data against a series of Gram-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Gramnegative bacteria Streptococcus aureus and Bascillus subtilis. The antifungal activity was assessed against the fungal strain Aspergillus niger, Crysosporium pannical, Pellicularia solmanicolor and Candida albicans and compared against the standard antifungal drug Griesvofulvin. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 75-83, 2019 (June)
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Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.3329/DUJPS.V18I1.41893
W. Obonga, E. Omeje, C. Nnadi, Wilson G Ocheme
Monodora myristica is one of the plants used extensively in folkloric medicine across West Africa. Despite the ethnopharmacological relevance of the plant, the phytochemical details, especially of the oil-rich seed, have not been completely elucidated. This study was designed to ascertain the phytochemical constituents of extracts of M. myristica seed oil and characterize the oil constituent using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The phytochemical screening was done using standard methods and the oil was characterized by GC-MS analysis. The result of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of terpenoids, sterols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycoside in variable quantities. The GC-MS analysis revealed huge presence of fatty acids, terpenoids and other related compounds. The major compounds found in the oil of the seeds were o-cymene (2), γ-terpinene (3), nopinane (4), limonene (5), carvotanacetone (6), β-pinene (7), aromadendrene (9), germacrene (11), α-amorphene (13) and copaene (14). The rich phytoconstituents present in the seed oil could be the basis of its acclaimed ethnomedicinal uses across West Africa and beyond. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 69-73, 2019 (June)
{"title":"Phytochemical Evaluation of Extracts and GC-MS analysis of oil from Monodora myristica Seed","authors":"W. Obonga, E. Omeje, C. Nnadi, Wilson G Ocheme","doi":"10.3329/DUJPS.V18I1.41893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/DUJPS.V18I1.41893","url":null,"abstract":"Monodora myristica is one of the plants used extensively in folkloric medicine across West Africa. Despite the ethnopharmacological relevance of the plant, the phytochemical details, especially of the oil-rich seed, have not been completely elucidated. This study was designed to ascertain the phytochemical constituents of extracts of M. myristica seed oil and characterize the oil constituent using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The phytochemical screening was done using standard methods and the oil was characterized by GC-MS analysis. The result of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of terpenoids, sterols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycoside in variable quantities. The GC-MS analysis revealed huge presence of fatty acids, terpenoids and other related compounds. The major compounds found in the oil of the seeds were o-cymene (2), γ-terpinene (3), nopinane (4), limonene (5), carvotanacetone (6), β-pinene (7), aromadendrene (9), germacrene (11), α-amorphene (13) and copaene (14). The rich phytoconstituents present in the seed oil could be the basis of its acclaimed ethnomedicinal uses across West Africa and beyond. \u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 69-73, 2019 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80358568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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