Microbial xylanases are enzymes of great importance due to their wide industrial applications, especially in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. This study aimed to describe the production optimization and partial characterization of an ultra-thermostable, acidophilic, cellulase-free xylanase from an obligate thermophilic eubacterium Geobacillus thermoleovorans strain-AKNT10 (Ac.No. LT158229) isolated from a hot-spring of Puga Valley located at an altitude of 4419 m in Ladakh, India. The optimization of cultural conditions improved enzyme yield by 10.49-fold under submerged fermentation. The addition of 1% (w/v) xylose induced the enzyme synthesis by ~ 165 and 371% when supplemented in the fermentation medium containing wheat bran (WB) 1 and 3%, respectively. The supplementation of sucrose reduced the xylanase production by ~ 25%. Results of partial characterization exhibited that xylanase was optimally active at pH 6.0 and 100 °C. Enzyme retained > 75%, > 83%, and > 84% of activity at 4 °C for 28 days, 100 °C for 60 min, and pHs 3-8 for 60 min, respectively. An outstanding property of AKNT10-xylanase, was the retention of > 71% residual activity at extreme conditions (121 °C and 15 psi pressure) for 15 min. Enzymatic saccharification showed that enzyme was also capable to liberate maximum reducing sugars within 4-8 h under optimized conditions thus it could be a potential candidate for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass as well as other industrial purposes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on such an ultra-thermo-pressure-tolerant xylanase optimally active at pH 6 and 100 °C from the genus Geobacillus.
{"title":"Optimization and Characterization of an Ultra-Thermostable, Acidophilic, Cellulase-Free Xylanase from a New Obligate Thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovorans AKNT10 and its Application in Saccharification of Wheat Bran.","authors":"Arvind Kumar, Tapati Bhanja Dey, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra, Khem Raj Meena, Himansu Sekhara Mohapatra, Ramesh Chander Kuhad","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03792-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03792-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial xylanases are enzymes of great importance due to their wide industrial applications, especially in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. This study aimed to describe the production optimization and partial characterization of an ultra-thermostable, acidophilic, cellulase-free xylanase from an obligate thermophilic eubacterium Geobacillus thermoleovorans strain-AKNT10 (Ac.No. LT158229) isolated from a hot-spring of Puga Valley located at an altitude of 4419 m in Ladakh, India. The optimization of cultural conditions improved enzyme yield by 10.49-fold under submerged fermentation. The addition of 1% (w/v) xylose induced the enzyme synthesis by ~ 165 and 371% when supplemented in the fermentation medium containing wheat bran (WB) 1 and 3%, respectively. The supplementation of sucrose reduced the xylanase production by ~ 25%. Results of partial characterization exhibited that xylanase was optimally active at pH 6.0 and 100 °C. Enzyme retained > 75%, > 83%, and > 84% of activity at 4 °C for 28 days, 100 °C for 60 min, and pHs 3-8 for 60 min, respectively. An outstanding property of AKNT10-xylanase, was the retention of > 71% residual activity at extreme conditions (121 °C and 15 psi pressure) for 15 min. Enzymatic saccharification showed that enzyme was also capable to liberate maximum reducing sugars within 4-8 h under optimized conditions thus it could be a potential candidate for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass as well as other industrial purposes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on such an ultra-thermo-pressure-tolerant xylanase optimally active at pH 6 and 100 °C from the genus Geobacillus.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03807-5
Min He, Gen Chen, Ke-Jing Li, Xing-Xing Tang, Xiao-Xiao Liu, Chang-Bin Ren, Hou-Hong Liu, Hai Luo, Sanjit Chandra Debnath, Pin-Mei Wang, Hai-Xin Chen, Dao-Qiong Zheng
A novel bacterium designated as SSA5.23T was isolated from seawater. Cells of SSA5.23T are Gram-stain-negative, short, rod-shaped, and exhibit motility via numerous peritrichous flagella. The strain could grow at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C (optimum at 25 °C), in a salinity range of 0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl, and within a pH range of 6.0–9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). The predominant cellular fatty acid of SSA5.23T was C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c, and the major respiratory quinones were Q-9 and Q-10. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol were identified as the primary polar lipids. The complete genome (5.47 Mb) of SSA5.23T comprises of a circular chromosome of 3.64 Mb and three plasmids, specifically sized at 59.73 kb, 227.82 kb, and 1.54 Mb, respectively. Certain genes located on the plasmids play roles in denitrification, oxidative stress resistance, and osmotic tolerance, which likely contribute to the adaptability of this strain in marine conditions. Core-proteome average amino acid identity analysis effectively identified the strain's affiliation with the genus Affinirhizobium, showing the highest value (89.9%) with Affinirhizobium pseudoryzae DSM 19479T. This classification was further supported by the phylogenetic analysis of concatenated alignment of 170 single-copy orthologous proteins. When compared to related reference strains, SSA5.23T displayed an average nucleotide identity ranging from 74.9 to 80.3% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values ranging from 19.9 to 23.9%. Our findings confirmed that strain SSA5.23T represents a novel species of the genus Affinirhizobium, for which the name Affinirhizobium gouqiense sp. nov. (type strain SSA5.23T = LMG 32560T = MCCC 1K07165T) was suggested.
{"title":"Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Affinirhizobium gouqiense sp. nov. Isolated from Seawater of Gouqi Island Located in the East China Sea and Reclassification of Rhizobium lemnae to the Genus Affinirhizobium as Affinirhizobium lemnae comb. nov.","authors":"Min He, Gen Chen, Ke-Jing Li, Xing-Xing Tang, Xiao-Xiao Liu, Chang-Bin Ren, Hou-Hong Liu, Hai Luo, Sanjit Chandra Debnath, Pin-Mei Wang, Hai-Xin Chen, Dao-Qiong Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03807-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03807-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel bacterium designated as SSA5.23<sup>T</sup> was isolated from seawater. Cells of SSA5.23<sup>T</sup> are Gram-stain-negative, short, rod-shaped, and exhibit motility via numerous peritrichous flagella. The strain could grow at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C (optimum at 25 °C), in a salinity range of 0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl, and within a pH range of 6.0–9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0). The predominant cellular fatty acid of SSA5.23<sup>T</sup> was C<sub>18:1</sub> ω7c/C<sub>18:1</sub> ω6c, and the major respiratory quinones were Q-9 and Q-10. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol were identified as the primary polar lipids. The complete genome (5.47 Mb) of SSA5.23<sup>T</sup> comprises of a circular chromosome of 3.64 Mb and three plasmids, specifically sized at 59.73 kb, 227.82 kb, and 1.54 Mb, respectively. Certain genes located on the plasmids play roles in denitrification, oxidative stress resistance, and osmotic tolerance, which likely contribute to the adaptability of this strain in marine conditions. Core-proteome average amino acid identity analysis effectively identified the strain's affiliation with the genus <i>Affinirhizobium</i>, showing the highest value (89.9%) with <i>Affinirhizobium pseudoryzae</i> DSM 19479<sup>T</sup>. This classification was further supported by the phylogenetic analysis of concatenated alignment of 170 single-copy orthologous proteins. When compared to related reference strains, SSA5.23<sup>T</sup> displayed an average nucleotide identity ranging from 74.9 to 80.3% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values ranging from 19.9 to 23.9%. Our findings confirmed that strain SSA5.23<sup>T</sup> represents a novel species of the genus <i>Affinirhizobium</i>, for which the name <i>Affinirhizobium gouqiense</i> sp. nov. (type strain SSA5.23<sup>T</sup> = LMG 32560<sup>T</sup> = MCCC 1K07165<sup>T</sup>) was suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03808-4
Jovana Hrustić, Uroš Vojinović, Milica Mihajlović, Milan Stević, Brankica Pešić
Brown rot, caused by Monilinia species, is a destructive disease of pome and stone fruits that can lead to significant losses in production. Disease management is mainly based on fungicide applications during the growing season. Fludioxonil, a "new-generation reduced-risk fungicide", is one of the most important fungicide used. The objectives of the present study were to compare and determine the toxicity of fludioxonil to selected M. laxa, M. fructigena and M. fructicola isolates, to test its effectiveness in detached fruits and to assess its effectiveness under practical control conditions. A total of 27 isolates (10 isolates of M. laxa, 8 of M. fructigena and 9 of M. fructicola) were tested for sensitivity to fludioxonil in vitro. Isolates from each species exhibited a homogeneous response to the fungicide, while differences among the different species were determined. Based on calculated resistance factors (RF), the examined isolates were classified into two categories: sensitive and moderately resistant. In vivo testing of the effectiveness of the label concentration of fludioxonil on detached fruit did not reveal differences between isolates classified into different sensitivity categories; fludioxonil used at the label concentration (0.1%) inhibited decay development 93.5 to 100%, regardless of the isolate category. Field trials revealed the very high efficacy of fludioxonil in preventing brown rot on fruits, ranging from 92.2 to 100 for peach, 90.7 to 97.3 for plum and 84.9 to 91.9% for sour cherry. In conclusion, fludioxonil was highly effective according to in vitro sensitivity tests and when used under practical field conditions for brown rot control.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Fludioxonil, a New-Generation Reduced-Risk Fungicide, Against Brown Rot Pathogens.","authors":"Jovana Hrustić, Uroš Vojinović, Milica Mihajlović, Milan Stević, Brankica Pešić","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03808-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03808-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brown rot, caused by Monilinia species, is a destructive disease of pome and stone fruits that can lead to significant losses in production. Disease management is mainly based on fungicide applications during the growing season. Fludioxonil, a \"new-generation reduced-risk fungicide\", is one of the most important fungicide used. The objectives of the present study were to compare and determine the toxicity of fludioxonil to selected M. laxa, M. fructigena and M. fructicola isolates, to test its effectiveness in detached fruits and to assess its effectiveness under practical control conditions. A total of 27 isolates (10 isolates of M. laxa, 8 of M. fructigena and 9 of M. fructicola) were tested for sensitivity to fludioxonil in vitro. Isolates from each species exhibited a homogeneous response to the fungicide, while differences among the different species were determined. Based on calculated resistance factors (RF), the examined isolates were classified into two categories: sensitive and moderately resistant. In vivo testing of the effectiveness of the label concentration of fludioxonil on detached fruit did not reveal differences between isolates classified into different sensitivity categories; fludioxonil used at the label concentration (0.1%) inhibited decay development 93.5 to 100%, regardless of the isolate category. Field trials revealed the very high efficacy of fludioxonil in preventing brown rot on fruits, ranging from 92.2 to 100 for peach, 90.7 to 97.3 for plum and 84.9 to 91.9% for sour cherry. In conclusion, fludioxonil was highly effective according to in vitro sensitivity tests and when used under practical field conditions for brown rot control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141765777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03810-w
Lin Hu, Zhixuan Wang, Zixuan Wang, Li Wang, Jiasong Fang, Rulong Liu
The deep-sea harbors abundant prokaryotic biomass is a major site of organic carbon remineralization and long-term carbon burial in the ocean. Deep-sea trenches are the deepest part of the ocean, and their special geological and morphological features promoting the accumulation of organic matter and active organic carbon turnover. Despite the expanding reports about the organic matter inputs, limited information is known regarding microbial processes in deep-sea trenches. In this study, we investigated the species composition and metabolic potential in surface sediment of the New Britain Trench (NBT), using a metagenomic approach. The predominant microbial taxa in NBT sediment include Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexota. The microbial communities showed highly diverse metabolic potentials. Particularly, genes encoding enzymes for degradation of aromatic compounds, as well as those encoding haloalkane dehalogenase and haloacetate dehalogenase were annotated in the NBT surface sediment, which indicate the potential of microorganisms to degrade different types of refractory organic matter. The functional genes encoding enzymes for dissimilatory nitrate reduction, denitrification, and nitrification were also represented in the NBT metagenome. Overall, the microbial communities show high diversity of heterotrophic lineages and metabolic features, supporting their potential contributions in organic carbon metabolism. Meanwhile, Nitrosopumilus, a dominant genus in the surface sediment of the NBT, is a typical ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), with autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways including the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutylate (3HP/4HB) cycle, the reductive TCA (rTCA) cycle. The results demonstrate that autotrophic metabolic processes also play an important role in the surface sediment, by providing newly synthesized organic matter.
{"title":"Community Composition and Functional Characterization of Microorganisms in Surface Sediment of the New Britain Trench.","authors":"Lin Hu, Zhixuan Wang, Zixuan Wang, Li Wang, Jiasong Fang, Rulong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03810-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03810-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deep-sea harbors abundant prokaryotic biomass is a major site of organic carbon remineralization and long-term carbon burial in the ocean. Deep-sea trenches are the deepest part of the ocean, and their special geological and morphological features promoting the accumulation of organic matter and active organic carbon turnover. Despite the expanding reports about the organic matter inputs, limited information is known regarding microbial processes in deep-sea trenches. In this study, we investigated the species composition and metabolic potential in surface sediment of the New Britain Trench (NBT), using a metagenomic approach. The predominant microbial taxa in NBT sediment include Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexota. The microbial communities showed highly diverse metabolic potentials. Particularly, genes encoding enzymes for degradation of aromatic compounds, as well as those encoding haloalkane dehalogenase and haloacetate dehalogenase were annotated in the NBT surface sediment, which indicate the potential of microorganisms to degrade different types of refractory organic matter. The functional genes encoding enzymes for dissimilatory nitrate reduction, denitrification, and nitrification were also represented in the NBT metagenome. Overall, the microbial communities show high diversity of heterotrophic lineages and metabolic features, supporting their potential contributions in organic carbon metabolism. Meanwhile, Nitrosopumilus, a dominant genus in the surface sediment of the NBT, is a typical ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), with autotrophic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation pathways including the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutylate (3HP/4HB) cycle, the reductive TCA (rTCA) cycle. The results demonstrate that autotrophic metabolic processes also play an important role in the surface sediment, by providing newly synthesized organic matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141765776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advancements in in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccine manufacturing have attracted considerable interest as advanced methods for combating viral infections. The respiratory mucosa is a primary target for pathogen attack, but traditional intramuscular vaccines are not effective in generating protective ion mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization can induce both systemic and mucosal immunity by effectively eliminating microorganisms before their growth and development. However, there are several biological and physical obstacles to the administration of genetic payloads, such as IVT-mRNA and DNA, to the pulmonary and nasal mucosa. Nucleic acid vaccine nanocarriers should effectively protect and load genetic payloads to overcome barriers i.e., biological and physical, at the mucosal sites. This may aid in the transfection of specific antigens, epithelial cells, and incorporation of adjuvants. In this review, we address strategies for delivering genetic payloads, such as nucleic acid vaccines, that have been studied in the past and their potential applications.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-Mediated Mucosal Vaccination: Harnessing Nucleic Acids for Immune Enhancement.","authors":"Wajid Hussain, Sadia Chaman, Hafiza Nazia Koser, Syed Muhammad Aun, Zainab Bibi, Ayesha Nasir Pirzadi, Jawad Hussain, Zubaria Zubaria, Ghulam Nabi, Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Shenqi Wang, Ishrat Perveen","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03803-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03803-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccine manufacturing have attracted considerable interest as advanced methods for combating viral infections. The respiratory mucosa is a primary target for pathogen attack, but traditional intramuscular vaccines are not effective in generating protective ion mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization can induce both systemic and mucosal immunity by effectively eliminating microorganisms before their growth and development. However, there are several biological and physical obstacles to the administration of genetic payloads, such as IVT-mRNA and DNA, to the pulmonary and nasal mucosa. Nucleic acid vaccine nanocarriers should effectively protect and load genetic payloads to overcome barriers i.e., biological and physical, at the mucosal sites. This may aid in the transfection of specific antigens, epithelial cells, and incorporation of adjuvants. In this review, we address strategies for delivering genetic payloads, such as nucleic acid vaccines, that have been studied in the past and their potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03801-x
Zuowei Zhang, Yurou Wang, Lin Xia, Ying Zhang
Macrophages, as crucial participants in the innate immune system, respond to pathogenic challenges through their dynamic metabolic adjustments, demonstrating the intimate interplay between cellular metabolism and immune function. Bacterial infection of macrophages causes changes in macrophage metabolism, affecting both macrophage function and bacterial virulence and intracellular survival. This review explores the reprogramming of amino acid metabolism in macrophages in response to bacterial infection, with a particular focus on the influence of critical amino acids such as serine, glutamine, and arginine on the immune functions of macrophages; highlights the roles of these metabolic pathways in macrophage functions such as phagocytosis, inflammatory response, immune regulation, and pathogen clearance; reveals how pathogens exploit and manipulate the amino acid metabolism within macrophages to support their own growth and replication, thereby showcasing the intricate interplay between macrophages and pathogens. It provides a foundation for understanding the interactions between macrophages amino acid metabolism and pathogens, offering potential strategies and therapeutic targets for the development of novel anti-infection therapies.
{"title":"Roles of Critical Amino Acids Metabolism in The Interactions Between Intracellular Bacterial Infection and Macrophage Function.","authors":"Zuowei Zhang, Yurou Wang, Lin Xia, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03801-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03801-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophages, as crucial participants in the innate immune system, respond to pathogenic challenges through their dynamic metabolic adjustments, demonstrating the intimate interplay between cellular metabolism and immune function. Bacterial infection of macrophages causes changes in macrophage metabolism, affecting both macrophage function and bacterial virulence and intracellular survival. This review explores the reprogramming of amino acid metabolism in macrophages in response to bacterial infection, with a particular focus on the influence of critical amino acids such as serine, glutamine, and arginine on the immune functions of macrophages; highlights the roles of these metabolic pathways in macrophage functions such as phagocytosis, inflammatory response, immune regulation, and pathogen clearance; reveals how pathogens exploit and manipulate the amino acid metabolism within macrophages to support their own growth and replication, thereby showcasing the intricate interplay between macrophages and pathogens. It provides a foundation for understanding the interactions between macrophages amino acid metabolism and pathogens, offering potential strategies and therapeutic targets for the development of novel anti-infection therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hospital-acquired infection remains a serious threat globally, due to development of resistance to conventional antibiotics, which necessitates the urge for alternative therapy. Green nanotechnology has emerged as a holistic approach to address antibiotic resistance by combining environmental sustainability with improved therapeutic outcome. Nanostructure hydroxyapatite (HAP) has received significant attention in therapeutic and regenerative purposes due to its porous scaffold structure and biocompatible nature. In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticle was fabricated from the fish scale waste of red snapper fish. Black rice wine (BRW) was extracted from black rice commonly termed as Karupu kavuni/forbidden rice known for its nutritious effects. The present study focused on encapsulation of BRW within HAP nanoparticles (HAP@BRW) and evaluated its potential against nosocomial infections. Spectral and microscopic characterization of HAP@BRW revealed uniform encapsulation of BRW in HAP nanoparticles, aggregated irregular-shaped morphology of size 117.6 nm. Maximum release of BRW (72%) within 24 h indicates HAP as suitable drug delivery system suitable for biomedical applications. Antimicrobial studies revealed that HAP@BRW exhibited potent bactericidal effect against MRSA, MSSA, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, HAP@BRW significantly inhibited the biofilm forming ability of MSSA and P. aeruginosa. Rich antioxidant property of HAP@BRW might be due to the presence of rich source of total polyphenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content in BRW. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies revealed biocompatible nature of HAP@BRW. Antibiofilm, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and biocompatible nature of HAP@BRW makes it a promising candidate for coating medical implants to avoid implant-associated infections and nosocomial infections.
{"title":"Fishwaste Derived Hydroxyapatite Nanostructure Combined with Black Rice Wine for Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Response.","authors":"Prakashkumar Nallasamy, Suganathan Muthalagu Ramalingam Muthalagu, Suganthy Natarajan","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03790-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03790-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hospital-acquired infection remains a serious threat globally, due to development of resistance to conventional antibiotics, which necessitates the urge for alternative therapy. Green nanotechnology has emerged as a holistic approach to address antibiotic resistance by combining environmental sustainability with improved therapeutic outcome. Nanostructure hydroxyapatite (HAP) has received significant attention in therapeutic and regenerative purposes due to its porous scaffold structure and biocompatible nature. In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticle was fabricated from the fish scale waste of red snapper fish. Black rice wine (BRW) was extracted from black rice commonly termed as Karupu kavuni/forbidden rice known for its nutritious effects. The present study focused on encapsulation of BRW within HAP nanoparticles (HAP@BRW) and evaluated its potential against nosocomial infections. Spectral and microscopic characterization of HAP@BRW revealed uniform encapsulation of BRW in HAP nanoparticles, aggregated irregular-shaped morphology of size 117.6 nm. Maximum release of BRW (72%) within 24 h indicates HAP as suitable drug delivery system suitable for biomedical applications. Antimicrobial studies revealed that HAP@BRW exhibited potent bactericidal effect against MRSA, MSSA, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, HAP@BRW significantly inhibited the biofilm forming ability of MSSA and P. aeruginosa. Rich antioxidant property of HAP@BRW might be due to the presence of rich source of total polyphenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content in BRW. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies revealed biocompatible nature of HAP@BRW. Antibiofilm, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and biocompatible nature of HAP@BRW makes it a promising candidate for coating medical implants to avoid implant-associated infections and nosocomial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of China's garbage classification policy, on-site aerobic food waste (FW) digestion is crucial for reducing transportation and disposal costs. The efficiency of this process is largely determined by the microbial community structure and its functions. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of a personalized microbial consortium (MCM) on the efficiency of aerobic FW digestion and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. An MCM, sourced from naturally degrading FW, was selected to enrich degrading bacteria with relatively high hydrolyzing ability. The functionality of the MCM was evaluated by tracing the successions of microbial communities, and comparing the differences in the forms of organic compounds, metabolic functions, and hydrolase activities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the MCM metabolized faster, and produced more acidic metabolites. Metagenomic analysis indicated that FW inoculated with the personalized MCM increased abundance of Bacillaceae producing hydrolysis enzymes and promoted glycolysis metabolic pathways, enhancing energy generation for metabolism, compared to the commercial effective bacterial agent. This paper provides both theoretical and practical evidence for the improvement of biochemical processor of FW with the personalized MCM, which has promising application prospects and economic value.
{"title":"Improving Aerobic Digestion of Food Waste by Adding a Personalized Microbial Inoculum.","authors":"Ying Han, Yuman Zhang, Zijian Yang, Qingrui Zhang, Xin He, Yu Song, Lili Tian, Hao Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03796-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03796-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of China's garbage classification policy, on-site aerobic food waste (FW) digestion is crucial for reducing transportation and disposal costs. The efficiency of this process is largely determined by the microbial community structure and its functions. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of a personalized microbial consortium (MCM) on the efficiency of aerobic FW digestion and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. An MCM, sourced from naturally degrading FW, was selected to enrich degrading bacteria with relatively high hydrolyzing ability. The functionality of the MCM was evaluated by tracing the successions of microbial communities, and comparing the differences in the forms of organic compounds, metabolic functions, and hydrolase activities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the MCM metabolized faster, and produced more acidic metabolites. Metagenomic analysis indicated that FW inoculated with the personalized MCM increased abundance of Bacillaceae producing hydrolysis enzymes and promoted glycolysis metabolic pathways, enhancing energy generation for metabolism, compared to the commercial effective bacterial agent. This paper provides both theoretical and practical evidence for the improvement of biochemical processor of FW with the personalized MCM, which has promising application prospects and economic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03802-w
Jonathan Arauz-Cabrera, Dolores Marquez-Salazar, Ricardo Delgadillo-Valles, Liliana Caporal-Hernandez, Gerson N Hernandez-Acevedo, Edwin Barrios-Villa
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen mostly found in health care-associated infections but can also be associated with community-acquired infections and is in critical need of new antimicrobial agents for strains resistant to carbapenems. The prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes varies among studies. Multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains can harbor several antimicrobial-resistant determinants and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), along with virulence genetic determinants in community settings. We aim to determine the genetic profile of a multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strain isolated from a patient with community-acquired UTI. We isolated a K. pneumoniae strain UABC-Str0120, from a urine sample of community-acquired urinary tract infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed. The phylogenetic relationship was inferred by SNPs calling and filtering. UABC-Str0120 showed resistance toward β-lactams, combinations with β-lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems. WGS revealed the presence of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, carbapenems, quinolones, sulfonamides, phosphonates, phenicols, and quaternary ammonium compounds, 77 subsystems of virulence genes were identified, and an uncommon sequence type ST5889 was also determined. The sequenced strain harbors several MGEs. The UABC-Str0120 recovered from a urine sample harbors several virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants, which assembles an endangering combination for an immunocompromised or a seemly healthy host, given its presence in a community setting.
{"title":"Genomic Profile of a Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Isolated from a Urine Specimen.","authors":"Jonathan Arauz-Cabrera, Dolores Marquez-Salazar, Ricardo Delgadillo-Valles, Liliana Caporal-Hernandez, Gerson N Hernandez-Acevedo, Edwin Barrios-Villa","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03802-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03802-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen mostly found in health care-associated infections but can also be associated with community-acquired infections and is in critical need of new antimicrobial agents for strains resistant to carbapenems. The prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes varies among studies. Multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains can harbor several antimicrobial-resistant determinants and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), along with virulence genetic determinants in community settings. We aim to determine the genetic profile of a multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strain isolated from a patient with community-acquired UTI. We isolated a K. pneumoniae strain UABC-Str0120, from a urine sample of community-acquired urinary tract infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed. The phylogenetic relationship was inferred by SNPs calling and filtering. UABC-Str0120 showed resistance toward β-lactams, combinations with β-lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems. WGS revealed the presence of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, carbapenems, quinolones, sulfonamides, phosphonates, phenicols, and quaternary ammonium compounds, 77 subsystems of virulence genes were identified, and an uncommon sequence type ST5889 was also determined. The sequenced strain harbors several MGEs. The UABC-Str0120 recovered from a urine sample harbors several virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants, which assembles an endangering combination for an immunocompromised or a seemly healthy host, given its presence in a community setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03791-w
Soumana Daddy Gaoh, Pierre Alusta, Yong-Jin Lee, John J LiPuma, David Hussong, Bernard Marasa, Youngbeom Ahn
In pharmaceutical manufacturing, ensuring product safety involves the detection and identification of microorganisms with human pathogenic potential, including Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium sporogenes, Candida albicans, and Mycoplasma spp., some of which may be missed or not identified by traditional culture-dependent methods. In this study, we employed a metagenomic approach to detect these taxa, avoiding the limitations of conventional cultivation methods. We assessed the groundwater microbiome's taxonomic and functional features from samples collected at two locations in the spring and summer. All datasets comprised 436-557 genera with Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria accounting for > 95% of microbial DNA sequences. The aforementioned species constituted less than 18.3% of relative abundance. Escherichia and Salmonella were mainly detected in Hot Springs, relative to Jefferson, while Clostridium and Pseudomonas were mainly found in Jefferson relative to Hot Springs. Multidrug resistance efflux pumps and BlaR1 family regulatory sensor-transducer disambiguation dominated in Hot Springs and in Jefferson. These initial results provide insight into the detection of specified microorganisms and could constitute a framework for the establishment of comprehensive metagenomic analysis for the microbiological evaluation of pharmaceutical-grade water and other non-sterile pharmaceutical products, ensuring public safety.
在药品生产过程中,确保产品安全需要检测和鉴定具有人类致病性的微生物,包括伯克霍尔德氏头孢菌素复合体(BCC)、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、产气荚膜梭菌、白色念珠菌和支原体,其中一些微生物可能会被传统的依赖培养的方法遗漏或无法鉴定。在这项研究中,我们采用了元基因组方法来检测这些类群,避免了传统培养方法的局限性。我们评估了春夏两季在两个地点采集的样本中地下水微生物组的分类和功能特征。所有数据集包括 436-557 个属,其中变形菌、类杆菌、固形菌、放线菌和蓝藻占微生物 DNA 序列的 95% 以上。上述物种的相对丰度不到 18.3%。相对于杰斐逊,温泉主要检测到埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌,而相对于温泉,杰斐逊主要检测到梭状芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌。在温泉和杰斐逊,多药耐药性外排泵和 BlaR1 家族调控传感器-转换器消歧占主导地位。这些初步结果为特定微生物的检测提供了洞察力,可为建立全面的元基因组分析框架提供依据,从而对制药级水和其他非无菌药品进行微生物学评估,确保公众安全。
{"title":"A Comparative Metagenomic Analysis of Specified Microorganisms in Groundwater for Non-Sterilized Pharmaceutical Products.","authors":"Soumana Daddy Gaoh, Pierre Alusta, Yong-Jin Lee, John J LiPuma, David Hussong, Bernard Marasa, Youngbeom Ahn","doi":"10.1007/s00284-024-03791-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00284-024-03791-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In pharmaceutical manufacturing, ensuring product safety involves the detection and identification of microorganisms with human pathogenic potential, including Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium sporogenes, Candida albicans, and Mycoplasma spp., some of which may be missed or not identified by traditional culture-dependent methods. In this study, we employed a metagenomic approach to detect these taxa, avoiding the limitations of conventional cultivation methods. We assessed the groundwater microbiome's taxonomic and functional features from samples collected at two locations in the spring and summer. All datasets comprised 436-557 genera with Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria accounting for > 95% of microbial DNA sequences. The aforementioned species constituted less than 18.3% of relative abundance. Escherichia and Salmonella were mainly detected in Hot Springs, relative to Jefferson, while Clostridium and Pseudomonas were mainly found in Jefferson relative to Hot Springs. Multidrug resistance efflux pumps and BlaR1 family regulatory sensor-transducer disambiguation dominated in Hot Springs and in Jefferson. These initial results provide insight into the detection of specified microorganisms and could constitute a framework for the establishment of comprehensive metagenomic analysis for the microbiological evaluation of pharmaceutical-grade water and other non-sterile pharmaceutical products, ensuring public safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":11360,"journal":{"name":"Current Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11255085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}