Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2265545
Elisabeth Isberg, Johan Nordgren
AbstractBackground Parents of teenagers who use illicit drugs experience a high degree of family burden and mental health issues but have received little attention in research. The aim of this study was to gain new knowledge of the situation of parents of teenage children with drug use.Method Fifteen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with parents who received support or treatment with their teenagers at outpatient treatment clinics in Sweden. The data was analyzed with thematic textual analysis.Results Based on Scheff’s theory of emotions, four central themes were identified in the parents’ experiences: parental strategies, shame, coping with stress, and communication as a protective factor. Parents had a heavy family burden and reported problem-focused and emotion-focused behaviors which created shame, impaired communication between parent and child, and a lack of trust. Shame may shape the parents’ discomfort in seeking help from relatives and professional support.Conclusions Clinical practice should pay attention to the impact of shame, behavior patterns as vulnerabilities and protective factors, and how communication and understanding can be developed. We argue that Scheff’s theory of emotions is useful to understand parents in crisis and that its concepts may be of use if applied in family support.Keywords: Parental supportadolescentssocial bonds AcknowledgementsThe authors thank all the parents who participated in our study for sharing their often painful experiences and stories with us. The authors also thank the staff at the Maria Scania Clinics who helped us with participant recruitment.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
{"title":"Being a parent of a teenager with illicit drug use - a qualitative interview study","authors":"Elisabeth Isberg, Johan Nordgren","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2265545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2265545","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground Parents of teenagers who use illicit drugs experience a high degree of family burden and mental health issues but have received little attention in research. The aim of this study was to gain new knowledge of the situation of parents of teenage children with drug use.Method Fifteen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with parents who received support or treatment with their teenagers at outpatient treatment clinics in Sweden. The data was analyzed with thematic textual analysis.Results Based on Scheff’s theory of emotions, four central themes were identified in the parents’ experiences: parental strategies, shame, coping with stress, and communication as a protective factor. Parents had a heavy family burden and reported problem-focused and emotion-focused behaviors which created shame, impaired communication between parent and child, and a lack of trust. Shame may shape the parents’ discomfort in seeking help from relatives and professional support.Conclusions Clinical practice should pay attention to the impact of shame, behavior patterns as vulnerabilities and protective factors, and how communication and understanding can be developed. We argue that Scheff’s theory of emotions is useful to understand parents in crisis and that its concepts may be of use if applied in family support.Keywords: Parental supportadolescentssocial bonds AcknowledgementsThe authors thank all the parents who participated in our study for sharing their often painful experiences and stories with us. The authors also thank the staff at the Maria Scania Clinics who helped us with participant recruitment.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2266554
Betsy Thom, Fizz Annand, Carmel Clancy, Anne Whittaker, Iga Janiszewska
Background This paper presents the findings from an exploratory study on alcohol and other drugs (AOD) nurses’ views on current career opportunities and challenges and on how their role has been affected by clinical and structural changes in service delivery.
{"title":"The role of UK alcohol and drug (AOD) nurses in a changing workforce","authors":"Betsy Thom, Fizz Annand, Carmel Clancy, Anne Whittaker, Iga Janiszewska","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2266554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2266554","url":null,"abstract":"Background This paper presents the findings from an exploratory study on alcohol and other drugs (AOD) nurses’ views on current career opportunities and challenges and on how their role has been affected by clinical and structural changes in service delivery.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2263144
Kristin Arve, Björn Johnson
Aim: Non-medical use of prescription opioids, such as tramadol, is a major health concern globally. In Sweden, non-medical tramadol use among young people is widely recognized. This study explores the central components that characterize drug use trajectories among young people with experiences of problematic tramadol use. Methods: 24 qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 young people (aged 19–24) with self-reported experiences of problematic tramadol use. The concepts of drug, set, and setting from Zinberg’s theoretical framework were applied to explore significant aspects of their drug use trajectories. Findings: Four themes corresponding to different stages in the young people’s drug use trajectories, were identified: (1) initiating tramadol use; (2) developing continuous tramadol use; (3) expanding the drug repertoire and; (4) starting to lose control. Overall there was a progression toward more severe drug use over time, where self-medication and dependence dynamics, as well as peer influence and other environmental factors were significant. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the drug use trajectories of young people with problematic tramadol use involve a complex interaction between the drugs’ effects, personal circumstances, and environmental factors. Increasing the understanding of this process can be helpful in improving both preventive and therapeutic measures for this target group.
{"title":"Drug use trajectories among young people with experiences of problematic tramadol use","authors":"Kristin Arve, Björn Johnson","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2263144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2263144","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Non-medical use of prescription opioids, such as tramadol, is a major health concern globally. In Sweden, non-medical tramadol use among young people is widely recognized. This study explores the central components that characterize drug use trajectories among young people with experiences of problematic tramadol use. Methods: 24 qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 young people (aged 19–24) with self-reported experiences of problematic tramadol use. The concepts of drug, set, and setting from Zinberg’s theoretical framework were applied to explore significant aspects of their drug use trajectories. Findings: Four themes corresponding to different stages in the young people’s drug use trajectories, were identified: (1) initiating tramadol use; (2) developing continuous tramadol use; (3) expanding the drug repertoire and; (4) starting to lose control. Overall there was a progression toward more severe drug use over time, where self-medication and dependence dynamics, as well as peer influence and other environmental factors were significant. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the drug use trajectories of young people with problematic tramadol use involve a complex interaction between the drugs’ effects, personal circumstances, and environmental factors. Increasing the understanding of this process can be helpful in improving both preventive and therapeutic measures for this target group.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2260550
David Whiteley, Deborah Rickards-Hill, Elena Dimova, Carol Emslie
Background Harmful alcohol use is more prevalent among sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) than their cisgender/heterosexual counterparts. The reasons for this are complex, incorporating alcohol’s normalization and availability in social settings, its importance to identity construction, and drinking to cope with stigma and discrimination. However, commercial determinants have been underexplored, particularly how alcohol is marketed to SGM communities.
{"title":"Performing solidarity? A scoping review of alcohol marketing to sexual and gender minorities","authors":"David Whiteley, Deborah Rickards-Hill, Elena Dimova, Carol Emslie","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2260550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2260550","url":null,"abstract":"Background Harmful alcohol use is more prevalent among sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) than their cisgender/heterosexual counterparts. The reasons for this are complex, incorporating alcohol’s normalization and availability in social settings, its importance to identity construction, and drinking to cope with stigma and discrimination. However, commercial determinants have been underexplored, particularly how alcohol is marketed to SGM communities.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135689389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2262097
Miriam Boeri, Aukje K. Lamonica, Clifton Chow, Thor Whalen
AbstractBackground Non-judgmental language to refer to people who use drugs is replacing terms that can be stigmatizing. A study by Pivovarova and Stein found people in treatment for heroin use preferred person-first terms. Aim one of our study is to add to knowledge of term preferences among people in the US who use heroin by replicating the Pivovarova and Stein study with a sample of people who use heroin but are not in treatment. Aim two is to extend findings with insights from qualitative analysis.Methods Our mixed method study replicated survey questions on what labels are preferred. Qualitative questions probed the meaning of terms and the impact of changing language. We recruited 206 participants between November 2019 and May 2021. We compare the results of the treatment sample with a not-in-treatment sample.Results Both similarities and differences were found in the quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis revealed that only a third of our sample indicated that changes in language were helpful, while another third indicated that changing the terms did not result in changing attitudes towards people who use drugs.Conclusion While stigmatizing language should be avoided, language is constantly evolving and subject to political trends. More emphasis is needed on changing attitudes toward people who use drugs.Keywords: Stigmalanguage preferenceslived experienceheroinmixed methodslabelsattitudesreplication studies AcknowledgementsThis research would not have been possible without our participants, and we appreciate the time and effort they took to share aspects of their lives with us. We would also like to thank peers who use drugs for their help with data collection, and Jeffrey Turner for preliminary analysis of parts of the data. Further, we would like to thank the team at the Greater Hartford Harm Reduction Coalition and the North Jersey Community Research Initiative (NJCRI) for assisting with recruitment.Disclosure statementThe authors of this research declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Additional informationFundingThe study was partially funded by a Bentley University Faculty Affairs Committee Grant (2019).
{"title":"Language preferences and impact of labels on the lived experience of people who use heroin","authors":"Miriam Boeri, Aukje K. Lamonica, Clifton Chow, Thor Whalen","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2262097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2262097","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground Non-judgmental language to refer to people who use drugs is replacing terms that can be stigmatizing. A study by Pivovarova and Stein found people in treatment for heroin use preferred person-first terms. Aim one of our study is to add to knowledge of term preferences among people in the US who use heroin by replicating the Pivovarova and Stein study with a sample of people who use heroin but are not in treatment. Aim two is to extend findings with insights from qualitative analysis.Methods Our mixed method study replicated survey questions on what labels are preferred. Qualitative questions probed the meaning of terms and the impact of changing language. We recruited 206 participants between November 2019 and May 2021. We compare the results of the treatment sample with a not-in-treatment sample.Results Both similarities and differences were found in the quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis revealed that only a third of our sample indicated that changes in language were helpful, while another third indicated that changing the terms did not result in changing attitudes towards people who use drugs.Conclusion While stigmatizing language should be avoided, language is constantly evolving and subject to political trends. More emphasis is needed on changing attitudes toward people who use drugs.Keywords: Stigmalanguage preferenceslived experienceheroinmixed methodslabelsattitudesreplication studies AcknowledgementsThis research would not have been possible without our participants, and we appreciate the time and effort they took to share aspects of their lives with us. We would also like to thank peers who use drugs for their help with data collection, and Jeffrey Turner for preliminary analysis of parts of the data. Further, we would like to thank the team at the Greater Hartford Harm Reduction Coalition and the North Jersey Community Research Initiative (NJCRI) for assisting with recruitment.Disclosure statementThe authors of this research declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Additional informationFundingThe study was partially funded by a Bentley University Faculty Affairs Committee Grant (2019).","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135245867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractBackground British Columbia, Canada, is experiencing an overdose crisis that has pushed drug liberalization policies to the forefront of the response. This study examines police officers’ perceptions of enforcement and drug liberalization policies, including support for decriminalization and regulation or ‘safer supply’, in this context.Methods Qualitative interview data were collected in September-November 2020 from active police officers involved in drug law enforcement in British Columbia, prior to decriminalization reforms being introduced in the province. We conducted a thematic analysis of this data with a focus on police officer views towards drug enforcement and drug liberalization policies.Results Policing and reforms amid the overdose crisis has shaped officer perceptions and actions towards illegal drugs and drug policies. Although officers saw overdose as a health issue, these views coincided with a strong emphasis on supply-side policing, such as drug trafficking investigations. Policing continues to be entrenched in the overdose crisis, which has impacted the way police officers view drugs and drug use, particularly, their belief that current interventions to disrupt the illegal drug market are not working.Conclusion This study advances knowledge on the motivations for promoting drug enforcement, and enacting drug policies, in the context of an overdose crisis.Keywords: Drug law enforcementpolice officerspolice attitudesdrug liberalization policiesdecriminalizationoverdose crisis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThe Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) under Grant #24413; The William and Ada Isabelle Steel Fund under Grant #24836; Michael Smith Health Research BC Scholar Award 2022
{"title":"Police officer perceptions towards drug liberalization policies in the context of an overdose crisis in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Alissa Merielle Greer, Amanda Butler, Naomi Zakimi, Becca Wood","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2260552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2260552","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground British Columbia, Canada, is experiencing an overdose crisis that has pushed drug liberalization policies to the forefront of the response. This study examines police officers’ perceptions of enforcement and drug liberalization policies, including support for decriminalization and regulation or ‘safer supply’, in this context.Methods Qualitative interview data were collected in September-November 2020 from active police officers involved in drug law enforcement in British Columbia, prior to decriminalization reforms being introduced in the province. We conducted a thematic analysis of this data with a focus on police officer views towards drug enforcement and drug liberalization policies.Results Policing and reforms amid the overdose crisis has shaped officer perceptions and actions towards illegal drugs and drug policies. Although officers saw overdose as a health issue, these views coincided with a strong emphasis on supply-side policing, such as drug trafficking investigations. Policing continues to be entrenched in the overdose crisis, which has impacted the way police officers view drugs and drug use, particularly, their belief that current interventions to disrupt the illegal drug market are not working.Conclusion This study advances knowledge on the motivations for promoting drug enforcement, and enacting drug policies, in the context of an overdose crisis.Keywords: Drug law enforcementpolice officerspolice attitudesdrug liberalization policiesdecriminalizationoverdose crisis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThe Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) under Grant #24413; The William and Ada Isabelle Steel Fund under Grant #24836; Michael Smith Health Research BC Scholar Award 2022","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2262735
M. Anderson, A. M. Atkinson, A. McAuley, H. R. Sumnall, M. E. Glancy, H. A. Bloomfield, K. M. A. Trayner
‘How To Save A Life’ (HTSAL) was a mass media campaign on drug-related death prevention which ran in Scotland from August 2021 to January 2022. It aimed to increase awareness of how to respond to an opioid overdose, and the uptake of take-home naloxone (THN). The objective of this study was to determine the reach and engagement with the campaign. Methods included a descriptive analysis of data from media sources, the campaign website, and an online naloxone training course. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on media articles.
{"title":"Assessing the reach and engagement with the ‘ <i>How To Save A Life</i> ’ mass media campaign on drug-related death prevention in Scotland","authors":"M. Anderson, A. M. Atkinson, A. McAuley, H. R. Sumnall, M. E. Glancy, H. A. Bloomfield, K. M. A. Trayner","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2262735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2262735","url":null,"abstract":"‘How To Save A Life’ (HTSAL) was a mass media campaign on drug-related death prevention which ran in Scotland from August 2021 to January 2022. It aimed to increase awareness of how to respond to an opioid overdose, and the uptake of take-home naloxone (THN). The objective of this study was to determine the reach and engagement with the campaign. Methods included a descriptive analysis of data from media sources, the campaign website, and an online naloxone training course. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on media articles.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2262098
Julia D. Gusmoes, Rodrigo Garcia-Cerde, Juliana Y. Valente, Patrícia P. de O. Galvao, Zila M. Sanchez
AbstractBackground The Drug and Violence Resistance Educational Program (Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas e à Violência – PROERD) is the most widely implemented prevention program in Brazil and this study evaluated the reasons and ways in which PROERD instructors change the program, affecting its implementation fidelity.Methods This qualitative method study used three data sources: semi-structured interviews with 19 police officers (PROERD instructors), fidelity forms completed by the instructors, and the researcher’s observations of 30 lessons, followed by thematic analysis.Results Strong evidence shows that instructors adapt the program, in general, because they experienced that some activities do not work when implemented as they were created by the developers. The main reasons to adapt the program were categorized into two groups: intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. The cultural reality and school performance of students and the support and infrastructure of the school were the extrinsic reasons, and instructors’ performance was the intrinsic reason.Conclusion In order to make PROERD feasible for students and schools, instructors change the program in an unstructured way, often not following the curriculum. Therefore, PROERD will hardly have a positive effect for Brazilian students.Keywords: Implementation fidelitypreventionmixed methodsadolescentschooldrugs AcknowledgementsWe thank the Military Police of the State of São Paulo, police officers, school directors, teachers, field researchers, and especially the students who participated in this study. We also thank Editage for English language editing.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis study was funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), under Grant No. 17-22300-7 (ZMS) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.
摘要背景毒品和暴力抵抗教育计划(Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas e Violência - PROERD)是巴西实施最广泛的预防计划，本研究评估了PROERD教师改变计划的原因和方式，影响其实施的保原性。方法采用三种数据来源:对19名警官(PROERD指导员)的半结构化访谈、指导员填写的保真度表以及研究者对30节课的观察，然后进行专题分析。结果强有力的证据表明，通常情况下，教师会调整程序，因为他们经历了一些活动在由开发人员创建时无法实现。调整节目的主要原因可分为两类:内在原因和外在原因。学生的文化现实和学业表现以及学校的支持和基础设施是外在原因，教师的绩效是内在原因。为了使PROERD对学生和学校可行，教师以一种非结构化的方式改变程序，通常不遵循课程。因此，PROERD很难对巴西学生产生积极的影响。我们感谢圣保罗州军警、警察、学校领导、教师、实地研究人员，特别是参与本研究的学生。我们也感谢意得辑的英文编辑。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究由圣保罗州卫生保健基金会(FAPESP)根据第17-22300-7号拨款(ZMS)和Nível上级卫生保健基金会(ordindena de aperfei oamento de Pessoal de Superior)资助。
{"title":"Why and how PROERD instructors adapt the program during its delivery: an implementation research","authors":"Julia D. Gusmoes, Rodrigo Garcia-Cerde, Juliana Y. Valente, Patrícia P. de O. Galvao, Zila M. Sanchez","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2262098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2262098","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground The Drug and Violence Resistance Educational Program (Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas e à Violência – PROERD) is the most widely implemented prevention program in Brazil and this study evaluated the reasons and ways in which PROERD instructors change the program, affecting its implementation fidelity.Methods This qualitative method study used three data sources: semi-structured interviews with 19 police officers (PROERD instructors), fidelity forms completed by the instructors, and the researcher’s observations of 30 lessons, followed by thematic analysis.Results Strong evidence shows that instructors adapt the program, in general, because they experienced that some activities do not work when implemented as they were created by the developers. The main reasons to adapt the program were categorized into two groups: intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. The cultural reality and school performance of students and the support and infrastructure of the school were the extrinsic reasons, and instructors’ performance was the intrinsic reason.Conclusion In order to make PROERD feasible for students and schools, instructors change the program in an unstructured way, often not following the curriculum. Therefore, PROERD will hardly have a positive effect for Brazilian students.Keywords: Implementation fidelitypreventionmixed methodsadolescentschooldrugs AcknowledgementsWe thank the Military Police of the State of São Paulo, police officers, school directors, teachers, field researchers, and especially the students who participated in this study. We also thank Editage for English language editing.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis study was funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), under Grant No. 17-22300-7 (ZMS) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2261614
Bengt Kayser
Rational To discuss the use of hormonal contraception (HC) in elite women’s competitive sports from an anti-doping perspective because 1) it changes the natural female hormonal milieu; 2) is used to manipulate the menstrual cycle with performance enhancement intent; 3) even though lowering endogenous testosterone levels, some HCs contain testosterone-like androgenic compounds with potential performance-enhancing effects.
{"title":"Where sports performance meets reproductive rights: hormonal contraception","authors":"Bengt Kayser","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2261614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2261614","url":null,"abstract":"Rational To discuss the use of hormonal contraception (HC) in elite women’s competitive sports from an anti-doping perspective because 1) it changes the natural female hormonal milieu; 2) is used to manipulate the menstrual cycle with performance enhancement intent; 3) even though lowering endogenous testosterone levels, some HCs contain testosterone-like androgenic compounds with potential performance-enhancing effects.","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2260551
Daniela Lux, Anders Schmidt Vinther
{"title":"Anti-Doping research: What is left to do?","authors":"Daniela Lux, Anders Schmidt Vinther","doi":"10.1080/09687637.2023.2260551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2260551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11367,"journal":{"name":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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