To say that the trends to develop collaboration to deliver public services derive from global macrotrends inspired by the principles of New Public Management is a commonplace. This paper applies the lenses of institutional theory to the study of voluntary inter-municipal partnerships and counter-argues that collaboration initiatives are shaped by the interaction of political, functional and social pressures. Interestingly, this process of continuous shaping concerns both the creation and the disruption of collaborative arrangements. The capacity of Oliver’s (1992) concept of deinstitutionalisation of complement operational explanations is exemplified by illustrating the experience of voluntary inter-municipal collaborations in the Italian region of Lombardy. As part of an ongoing research programme, the paper draws primarily on relevant organisation research and previous qualitative fieldwork carried out by the authors.
{"title":"Managing Paradoxes in Public Partnerships","authors":"M. Sorrentino, M. de Marco","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2091034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2091034","url":null,"abstract":"To say that the trends to develop collaboration to deliver public services derive from global macrotrends inspired by the principles of New Public Management is a commonplace. This paper applies the lenses of institutional theory to the study of voluntary inter-municipal partnerships and counter-argues that collaboration initiatives are shaped by the interaction of political, functional and social pressures. Interestingly, this process of continuous shaping concerns both the creation and the disruption of collaborative arrangements. The capacity of Oliver’s (1992) concept of deinstitutionalisation of complement operational explanations is exemplified by illustrating the experience of voluntary inter-municipal collaborations in the Italian region of Lombardy. As part of an ongoing research programme, the paper draws primarily on relevant organisation research and previous qualitative fieldwork carried out by the authors.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127872857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The existence in France of a broad network of private schools that are nevertheless strictly circumscribed by the State reflects a deep public-private paradox that pervades the French education system and society more generally. In this paper I will first summarize the current breakdown of educational spending in France and then place the modern funding and governance schemes in context by exploring the history of the public-private conflict in French education. Lastly, I will reflect on how recent demographic trends — including greater ethnic and religious diversity — may impact the precarious balance between alternative educational providers.
{"title":"Public-Private Allocation of Resources in French Education","authors":"Eliza Sharma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2052296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2052296","url":null,"abstract":"The existence in France of a broad network of private schools that are nevertheless strictly circumscribed by the State reflects a deep public-private paradox that pervades the French education system and society more generally. In this paper I will first summarize the current breakdown of educational spending in France and then place the modern funding and governance schemes in context by exploring the history of the public-private conflict in French education. Lastly, I will reflect on how recent demographic trends — including greater ethnic and religious diversity — may impact the precarious balance between alternative educational providers.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129851444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies whether municipal expenditure in Italy is influenced by female representation in city councils. To correctly capture the causal relation we use the instrumental variable technique. Our instrument is based on a temporary change in the Italian normative occurred between 1993 and 1995 that reserved a gender quota in party lists for municipal elections, causing an exogenous change in the number of women elected in city councils. We take advantage of the fact that not all the municipalities have been treated by the law, due to its short period of enforcement. Despite the existence of gender specific preferences in the society, we find no evidence that the allocation of resources among different spending categories is affected by the gender of politicians. Our results are consistent with the Median voter theorem. Alternatively, they may suggest that the gender is not a determinant of politicians’ voting behaviour, implying that the preferences of the women involved in political activities are close to those of their male colleagues.
{"title":"Does Gender Matter for Public Spending? Empirical Evidence from Italian Municipalities","authors":"Massimiliano Rigon, G. Tanzi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2057858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2057858","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies whether municipal expenditure in Italy is influenced by female representation in city councils. To correctly capture the causal relation we use the instrumental variable technique. Our instrument is based on a temporary change in the Italian normative occurred between 1993 and 1995 that reserved a gender quota in party lists for municipal elections, causing an exogenous change in the number of women elected in city councils. We take advantage of the fact that not all the municipalities have been treated by the law, due to its short period of enforcement. Despite the existence of gender specific preferences in the society, we find no evidence that the allocation of resources among different spending categories is affected by the gender of politicians. Our results are consistent with the Median voter theorem. Alternatively, they may suggest that the gender is not a determinant of politicians’ voting behaviour, implying that the preferences of the women involved in political activities are close to those of their male colleagues.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121157637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper builds spatial microfoundations for the functional forms used in the analysis of inter-jurisdictional public spending spillovers. It introduces a symmetric bilateral model that distinguishes between three stages: production of multiple public inputs (intermediary goods), production of multiple public outputs (final goods) including asymmetries and non-additive aggregations, and consumption of the public outputs with asymmetries and preferences for variety. The model is characterized by seven modeling features, and the paper demonstrates how these features are combined in the relevant literature. The paper identifies sufficient conditions for the different combinations of the features to be isomorphic. Additionally, it analyzes which microfoundations for the inter-jurisdictional spillovers lead to asymmetrically structured demands for public spending.
{"title":"Modeling Positive Inter-Jurisdictional Public Spending Spillovers","authors":"M. Gregor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2243411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2243411","url":null,"abstract":"This paper builds spatial microfoundations for the functional forms used in the analysis of inter-jurisdictional public spending spillovers. It introduces a symmetric bilateral model that distinguishes between three stages: production of multiple public inputs (intermediary goods), production of multiple public outputs (final goods) including asymmetries and non-additive aggregations, and consumption of the public outputs with asymmetries and preferences for variety. The model is characterized by seven modeling features, and the paper demonstrates how these features are combined in the relevant literature. The paper identifies sufficient conditions for the different combinations of the features to be isomorphic. Additionally, it analyzes which microfoundations for the inter-jurisdictional spillovers lead to asymmetrically structured demands for public spending.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"415 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133996111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We estimate the return to attending elite colleges in China using 2010 data on fresh college graduates. We find that the gross return to attending elite colleges is as high as 26.4 percent, but this figure declines to 10.7 percent once we control for student ability, major, college location, individual characteristics, and family background. The wage premium is larger for female students and students with better-educated fathers. We also find that the human capital and experiences accumulated in elite colleges can explain almost all of the wage premium.
{"title":"Does Attending Elite Colleges Pay in China?","authors":"Hongbin Li, Lingsheng Meng, Xinzheng Shi, Binzhen Wu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1849523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1849523","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the return to attending elite colleges in China using 2010 data on fresh college graduates. We find that the gross return to attending elite colleges is as high as 26.4 percent, but this figure declines to 10.7 percent once we control for student ability, major, college location, individual characteristics, and family background. The wage premium is larger for female students and students with better-educated fathers. We also find that the human capital and experiences accumulated in elite colleges can explain almost all of the wage premium.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126789610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-29DOI: 10.17159/1727-3781/2012/V15I1A2469
M. Couzens
Children are heavily reliant on the services provided by the government and irregularities in public procurement processes are bound to affect the realization of children's rights. In the Freedom Stationery (Pty) Ltd v The Member of the Executive Council for Education, Eastern Cape the Court was urged by the Centre for Child Law acting as an amicus curiae to consider children's right to education and their best interests when deciding on an interim interdict which would result in a delay in the provision of stationery to several schools in the Eastern Cape. This case note contains a summary of the case, some comments on the court's approach to the rights of children in procurement adjudication, and an assessment of the significance of the case for the development of children's rights in South Africa.
{"title":"Procurement Adjudication and the Rights of Children: Freedom Stationery (PTY) Ltd V Mec for Education, Eastern Cape 2011 JOL 26927 (E)","authors":"M. Couzens","doi":"10.17159/1727-3781/2012/V15I1A2469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/V15I1A2469","url":null,"abstract":"Children are heavily reliant on the services provided by the government and irregularities in public procurement processes are bound to affect the realization of children's rights. In the Freedom Stationery (Pty) Ltd v The Member of the Executive Council for Education, Eastern Cape the Court was urged by the Centre for Child Law acting as an amicus curiae to consider children's right to education and their best interests when deciding on an interim interdict which would result in a delay in the provision of stationery to several schools in the Eastern Cape. This case note contains a summary of the case, some comments on the court's approach to the rights of children in procurement adjudication, and an assessment of the significance of the case for the development of children's rights in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130199019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes an experiment in political media reform, in which competing newspapers would jointly sponsor a blogging contest to cover a city government and community issues. The goal is to test whether the VoterMedia design for a blog contest will generate enough public interest journalism to make it worthwhile for municipal taxpayers to fund such competitions in the future. This could become a new source of revenue supporting journalism that covers not only cities, but also other voter communities, including democracies and corporations. To give newspapers a near-term incentive to sponsor (in addition to the long-term incentive of a potential future revenue source), the competing blogs would be required to grant the sponsors non-exclusive rights to publish their blog posts, with attribution and link-back. To simulate a taxpayer-funded competition, entry would be as open as possible, admitting any individual, group, or organization. This would include amateur bloggers and professional journalists, whether free-lance or on staff of a sponsoring (or non-sponsoring) newspaper. So for example, sponsors could enter the competition and try to win some of their money back. The contest should therefore be administered independently from the sponsors. VoterMedia.org (a nonprofit project) is offering to administer the proposed competition for free, including hosting the voting. The VoterMedia contest design has been tested and refined for the past five years at the University of British Columbia's student union, and in some municipal elections in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Experimental results at UBC are discussed by participants in video interviews on the VoterMedia website.
{"title":"Newspaper Sponsorship for Municipal VoterMedia","authors":"M. Latham.","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1999506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1999506","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an experiment in political media reform, in which competing newspapers would jointly sponsor a blogging contest to cover a city government and community issues. The goal is to test whether the VoterMedia design for a blog contest will generate enough public interest journalism to make it worthwhile for municipal taxpayers to fund such competitions in the future. This could become a new source of revenue supporting journalism that covers not only cities, but also other voter communities, including democracies and corporations. To give newspapers a near-term incentive to sponsor (in addition to the long-term incentive of a potential future revenue source), the competing blogs would be required to grant the sponsors non-exclusive rights to publish their blog posts, with attribution and link-back. To simulate a taxpayer-funded competition, entry would be as open as possible, admitting any individual, group, or organization. This would include amateur bloggers and professional journalists, whether free-lance or on staff of a sponsoring (or non-sponsoring) newspaper. So for example, sponsors could enter the competition and try to win some of their money back. The contest should therefore be administered independently from the sponsors. VoterMedia.org (a nonprofit project) is offering to administer the proposed competition for free, including hosting the voting. The VoterMedia contest design has been tested and refined for the past five years at the University of British Columbia's student union, and in some municipal elections in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Experimental results at UBC are discussed by participants in video interviews on the VoterMedia website.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114078702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a theoretical model of a linear public good game in which heterogeneous players express social approval after observing contributions. The model explains how social approval is expressed and predicts positive contributions if subjects have a preference for social approval. Using a controlled laboratory experiment we test our model. In the experiment, subjects conduct computerized tasks that require substantial effort resulting in endowments from which contributions can be made to a linear public good. After observing others’ contributions subjects express social approval. Our main hypothesis is that subjects have a preference for social approval so that the expression of social approval will increase contributions, even if reputation building is impossible. We vary the information available to subjects and investigate how this affects the expression of social approval and individual contributions. Our main finding is that the expression of social approval significantly increases contributions. However, the increase in contributions is smaller if additional information is provided, suggesting that social approval is more effective if subjects receive a noisy signal about others’ contributions.
{"title":"Reaching for the Stars: An Experimental Study of the Consumption Value of Social Approval","authors":"Matthias Greiff, Fabian Paetzel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2127067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2127067","url":null,"abstract":"We present a theoretical model of a linear public good game in which heterogeneous players express social approval after observing contributions. The model explains how social approval is expressed and predicts positive contributions if subjects have a preference for social approval. Using a controlled laboratory experiment we test our model. In the experiment, subjects conduct computerized tasks that require substantial effort resulting in endowments from which contributions can be made to a linear public good. After observing others’ contributions subjects express social approval. Our main hypothesis is that subjects have a preference for social approval so that the expression of social approval will increase contributions, even if reputation building is impossible. We vary the information available to subjects and investigate how this affects the expression of social approval and individual contributions. Our main finding is that the expression of social approval significantly increases contributions. However, the increase in contributions is smaller if additional information is provided, suggesting that social approval is more effective if subjects receive a noisy signal about others’ contributions.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124024348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considerable prior analysis has gone into the study of zoning restrictions on locational choice and on fiscal burdens. The prior work on zoning - particularly fiscal or exclusionary zoning - has provided both inconclusive theoretical results and quite inconsistent empirical support of the theory. More importantly, none of this work addresses important questions about the level and distribution of public goods that are provided under fiscal zoning. Since fiscal issues and Tiebout demands are central to much of the motivation for exclusionary zoning, we expand the theoretical analysis to encompass the interplay between land use restrictions and public good provision. In this, we focus on schooling outcomes, since the provision of education is one of the primary activities of local jurisdictions. We develop a general equilibrium model of location and the provision of education. Some households create a fiscal burden, motivating the use by local governments of exclusionary land-use controls. Then, the paper analyzes what the market effects of land-use controls are and how successful they are. The policies considered (minimum lot size zoning, local public finance with a head tax, and fringe zoning) demonstrate how household behavior directly affects the equilibrium outcomes and the provision of the local public good.
{"title":"Land Use Controls and the Provision of Education","authors":"E. Hanushek, K. Yilmaz","doi":"10.3386/W17730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W17730","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable prior analysis has gone into the study of zoning restrictions on locational choice and on fiscal burdens. The prior work on zoning - particularly fiscal or exclusionary zoning - has provided both inconclusive theoretical results and quite inconsistent empirical support of the theory. More importantly, none of this work addresses important questions about the level and distribution of public goods that are provided under fiscal zoning. Since fiscal issues and Tiebout demands are central to much of the motivation for exclusionary zoning, we expand the theoretical analysis to encompass the interplay between land use restrictions and public good provision. In this, we focus on schooling outcomes, since the provision of education is one of the primary activities of local jurisdictions. We develop a general equilibrium model of location and the provision of education. Some households create a fiscal burden, motivating the use by local governments of exclusionary land-use controls. Then, the paper analyzes what the market effects of land-use controls are and how successful they are. The policies considered (minimum lot size zoning, local public finance with a head tax, and fringe zoning) demonstrate how household behavior directly affects the equilibrium outcomes and the provision of the local public good.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"81 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117234568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The regional economy of Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines is primarily dependent on agriculture, aqua-marine, forestry and other natural resource (AFNR) with major processed products exported to the United States of America, Canada, European Union and other countries in Asia. The region’s top export commodities include processed coconut products, seaweeds and rubber latex. Banana products, in addition to processed coconut products, are also the daily and common food and snack items among households and offices. These commodities are major contributors to regional economic development being the major sources of income of farmers and fishermen in the region. Since the AFNR sector also needs continuous and adequate supply of skilled manpower, training and education provides a platform for ensuring the continuous production of these commodities for the sustainability of income-generating activities of the producers, wages and salaries of employees in the factories as well as AFNR-based companies and the economic viability of the industry in general. To reinforce regional economic development through the flagship commodities of the region, the project “Science & Technology cum Entrepreneurship Applications in Enhancing (AFNR) Curriculums�? was conceptualized and implemented. The project is a curriculum-enhancement intervention executed through “hands-on�? internship across AFNR courses in three State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX), Philippines. Its four components (Coconut Sugar, Seaweeds, Tissue Culture and Rubber Seedlings) operate on experiential and pragmatic approach to enhancing the competence and institutional employability of AFNR students through Science & Technology (S&T) applications, acquisition of entrepreneurial skills and microenterprise development focusing on Zamboanga Peninsula’s major dollar-earning export commodities. The immersion of 362 student-interns has developed their technical and entrepreneurial skills that can match the requirements of AFNR industries. They can also use those skills to start microenterprises should they opt for self-employment after graduation. The project is also able to reverse the declining enrollment in AFNR courses in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines. From School Year 2007-2008 to School Year 2010-2011, the project is one of the factors that contributed to the overall three-percent increase in enrollment in AFNR courses in the three participating SUCs in the region. As a result of the student-internship program, the four commodities produced by AFNR students are sold through grocery stores and directly to “walk-in�? buyers, traders, farmers, local government units, non- government organizations.
{"title":"Science & Technology cum Entrepreneurship Applications in Enhancing Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Curriculums in the Philippines","authors":"Frede Moreno","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1948270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1948270","url":null,"abstract":"The regional economy of Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines is primarily dependent on agriculture, aqua-marine, forestry and other natural resource (AFNR) with major processed products exported to the United States of America, Canada, European Union and other countries in Asia. The region’s top export commodities include processed coconut products, seaweeds and rubber latex. Banana products, in addition to processed coconut products, are also the daily and common food and snack items among households and offices. These commodities are major contributors to regional economic development being the major sources of income of farmers and fishermen in the region. Since the AFNR sector also needs continuous and adequate supply of skilled manpower, training and education provides a platform for ensuring the continuous production of these commodities for the sustainability of income-generating activities of the producers, wages and salaries of employees in the factories as well as AFNR-based companies and the economic viability of the industry in general. To reinforce regional economic development through the flagship commodities of the region, the project “Science & Technology cum Entrepreneurship Applications in Enhancing (AFNR) Curriculums�? was conceptualized and implemented. The project is a curriculum-enhancement intervention executed through “hands-on�? internship across AFNR courses in three State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX), Philippines. Its four components (Coconut Sugar, Seaweeds, Tissue Culture and Rubber Seedlings) operate on experiential and pragmatic approach to enhancing the competence and institutional employability of AFNR students through Science & Technology (S&T) applications, acquisition of entrepreneurial skills and microenterprise development focusing on Zamboanga Peninsula’s major dollar-earning export commodities. The immersion of 362 student-interns has developed their technical and entrepreneurial skills that can match the requirements of AFNR industries. They can also use those skills to start microenterprises should they opt for self-employment after graduation. The project is also able to reverse the declining enrollment in AFNR courses in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines. From School Year 2007-2008 to School Year 2010-2011, the project is one of the factors that contributed to the overall three-percent increase in enrollment in AFNR courses in the three participating SUCs in the region. As a result of the student-internship program, the four commodities produced by AFNR students are sold through grocery stores and directly to “walk-in�? buyers, traders, farmers, local government units, non- government organizations.","PeriodicalId":113748,"journal":{"name":"Public Economics: Publicly Provided Goods eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130339549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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