Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2220019
Fidèle Abédi, Sunil Kumar, N. Kumar, Deepak Kumar, P. Takhar
Abstract Internal fluid flow during rice drying generates a stress gradient inside the material. If the stress gradient becomes too large or certain rice layers undergo glass transition under a significant stress gradient, stress cracks can form. In this study, modeling equations based on the Hybrid Mixture Theory were solved to simulate moisture transport and the viscoelastic stress that occurs during rice drying. The model’s accuracy was evaluated using experimental moisture content data for two rice varieties: Pusa Basmati 1121 (MAEs: 0.0079–0.0162 g/g solids) and California M206 (MAEs: 0.0022–0.0061 g/g solids). Simulations were then conducted under continuous and time-varying drying conditions to determine the best drying strategy for minimizing stress crack formation. The results showed that gradually increasing the inlet air temperature by 5 °C every 5 min after an initial 28.5 min at 40 °C could reduce stress crack formation effectively while drying rice in only 38.5 min.
{"title":"Moisture transport and stress development in rice during drying, a Hybrid Mixture Theory-based model","authors":"Fidèle Abédi, Sunil Kumar, N. Kumar, Deepak Kumar, P. Takhar","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2220019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2220019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Internal fluid flow during rice drying generates a stress gradient inside the material. If the stress gradient becomes too large or certain rice layers undergo glass transition under a significant stress gradient, stress cracks can form. In this study, modeling equations based on the Hybrid Mixture Theory were solved to simulate moisture transport and the viscoelastic stress that occurs during rice drying. The model’s accuracy was evaluated using experimental moisture content data for two rice varieties: Pusa Basmati 1121 (MAEs: 0.0079–0.0162 g/g solids) and California M206 (MAEs: 0.0022–0.0061 g/g solids). Simulations were then conducted under continuous and time-varying drying conditions to determine the best drying strategy for minimizing stress crack formation. The results showed that gradually increasing the inlet air temperature by 5 °C every 5 min after an initial 28.5 min at 40 °C could reduce stress crack formation effectively while drying rice in only 38.5 min.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2119 - 2142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43538183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cracking and fragmentation problems that occur during lignite drying limit its utilization value. In this study, the dehydration, surface damage, and pulverization behaviors of lignite were investigated under hot-air drying conditions, and the effect of the dewatering process on shrinkage cracking was analyzed. Cracks first appear at the edges of the lignite, then gradually extend inward until they spread over the entire surface of the lignite, before beginning to shrink, and eventually stabilize. The crack rate exhibited three stages: rapid development, shrinkage, and stabilization. The crack rate and shrinkage percentage increased significantly with increase in the drying temperature. The moisture content had a greater influence on the crack rate and shrinkage percentage of the samples than the surface temperature. A uniaxial compression test revealed that lignite with different degrees of dryness exhibited different degrees of breakage. The drying process drives the lignite toward finer grain sizes and, with moisture content below 0.8 g/g, the degree of breakage increases significantly. Thus, the main factor affecting the shrinkage and cracking of lignite was the moisture content. Cracks occurred when the tensile strain caused by shrinkage was greater than the tensile strength of the lignite.
{"title":"Hot-air drying behavior of lignite and quantitative characterization for its surface damage","authors":"T. Zhang, Chenfei Lou, Daoguang Teng, Guosheng Li, Peng Li, Qinghang Yun, Guoli Zhou","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2223621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2223621","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cracking and fragmentation problems that occur during lignite drying limit its utilization value. In this study, the dehydration, surface damage, and pulverization behaviors of lignite were investigated under hot-air drying conditions, and the effect of the dewatering process on shrinkage cracking was analyzed. Cracks first appear at the edges of the lignite, then gradually extend inward until they spread over the entire surface of the lignite, before beginning to shrink, and eventually stabilize. The crack rate exhibited three stages: rapid development, shrinkage, and stabilization. The crack rate and shrinkage percentage increased significantly with increase in the drying temperature. The moisture content had a greater influence on the crack rate and shrinkage percentage of the samples than the surface temperature. A uniaxial compression test revealed that lignite with different degrees of dryness exhibited different degrees of breakage. The drying process drives the lignite toward finer grain sizes and, with moisture content below 0.8 g/g, the degree of breakage increases significantly. Thus, the main factor affecting the shrinkage and cracking of lignite was the moisture content. Cracks occurred when the tensile strain caused by shrinkage was greater than the tensile strength of the lignite.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2171 - 2188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41454862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The tobacco drying process in the cigarette production has an important effect on the final product quality. Therefore, the intelligent control methods have been widely investigated to ensure the stability of tobacco’s outlet moisture content. The existing work mostly uses a relatively fixed set point of the outlet moisture content for different tobacco batches, which can lead to unforeseen product quality after several processes following the drying process and inaccessible amount of dehydration for the rotary dryer. Some tobacco moisture prediction methods have been studied recently while the relationship with the intelligent control methods remain largely unexplored. To deal with these issues, a novel method is proposed in this paper to identify the optimal set point of the drying outlet moisture content for each tobacco batch. An encoder-decoder model is first developed to forecast the post-drying moisture trajectory. Then, an adaptive filter with specially designed mechanisms and a confidence interval of the dehydration level are constructed to obtain the design constraints. Based on all above, a constrained optimization problem is formulated and solved by the genetic algorithm. Extensive experiments on 895 tobacco batches from a large cigarette factory are carried out, which involves both algorithmic evaluation and field test. It turns out that the proposed method achieves the superior performance and leads to an improvement of the product quality in real production.
{"title":"An adaptive optimization method toward batch-wise variable set point of outlet moisture content for the tobacco drying process","authors":"Yulei Gao, Tianyu Wang, X. Zhou, Mian Li, Chiyuan Zhang, Peng Qin, Yaojing Yang, Libin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2222472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2222472","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The tobacco drying process in the cigarette production has an important effect on the final product quality. Therefore, the intelligent control methods have been widely investigated to ensure the stability of tobacco’s outlet moisture content. The existing work mostly uses a relatively fixed set point of the outlet moisture content for different tobacco batches, which can lead to unforeseen product quality after several processes following the drying process and inaccessible amount of dehydration for the rotary dryer. Some tobacco moisture prediction methods have been studied recently while the relationship with the intelligent control methods remain largely unexplored. To deal with these issues, a novel method is proposed in this paper to identify the optimal set point of the drying outlet moisture content for each tobacco batch. An encoder-decoder model is first developed to forecast the post-drying moisture trajectory. Then, an adaptive filter with specially designed mechanisms and a confidence interval of the dehydration level are constructed to obtain the design constraints. Based on all above, a constrained optimization problem is formulated and solved by the genetic algorithm. Extensive experiments on 895 tobacco batches from a large cigarette factory are carried out, which involves both algorithmic evaluation and field test. It turns out that the proposed method achieves the superior performance and leads to an improvement of the product quality in real production.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2156 - 2170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47772481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2224429
Yu Yang, J. Zhong, Xinge Ma, Fang Li, Xiaoyan Fan, Yunhong Liu
Abstract To clarify the moisture migration and microstructure of taro in contact ultrasound enhanced far-infrared radiation drying (CUFRD), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), paraffin sectioning and microscopic observation techniques were applied to explore the changes of the drying curves, water status, microstructure, porosity, microscopic images and distribution curves of cell microstructure parameters of taro under different ultrasound powers of 0, 40, and 80 W. The results showed that applying contact ultrasound (CU) during drying was beneficial to accelerating the dehydration process and improving the porosity of taro slice. With the augment of CU power, the drying times of taro reduced by 16.67% to 25.00%, and the effective water diffusion coefficient was improved by 14.72% to 31.38%. In addition, the application of CU resulted in an increase firstly and then decrease in the cross-sectional area and perimeter distribution curves of taro cells and a widening of the peak shape of the distribution curve of taro cell roundness. In conclusion, CU application could cause faster internal moisture migration, and higher CU power had more obvious effect on microstructure and cell morphological parameters of taro during CUFRD.
{"title":"Effect of ultrasonic power on moisture migration and microstructure of contact ultrasound enhanced far-infrared radiation drying on taro slices","authors":"Yu Yang, J. Zhong, Xinge Ma, Fang Li, Xiaoyan Fan, Yunhong Liu","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2224429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2224429","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To clarify the moisture migration and microstructure of taro in contact ultrasound enhanced far-infrared radiation drying (CUFRD), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), paraffin sectioning and microscopic observation techniques were applied to explore the changes of the drying curves, water status, microstructure, porosity, microscopic images and distribution curves of cell microstructure parameters of taro under different ultrasound powers of 0, 40, and 80 W. The results showed that applying contact ultrasound (CU) during drying was beneficial to accelerating the dehydration process and improving the porosity of taro slice. With the augment of CU power, the drying times of taro reduced by 16.67% to 25.00%, and the effective water diffusion coefficient was improved by 14.72% to 31.38%. In addition, the application of CU resulted in an increase firstly and then decrease in the cross-sectional area and perimeter distribution curves of taro cells and a widening of the peak shape of the distribution curve of taro cell roundness. In conclusion, CU application could cause faster internal moisture migration, and higher CU power had more obvious effect on microstructure and cell morphological parameters of taro during CUFRD.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2189 - 2200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2225100
J. Sharma, Shivangi Shukla, Javed Sheikh, B. Behera
Abstract Replacing the solvent in silica aerogel production with air is critical in getting the desired physical properties. Even though drying by evaporation under ambient pressure is thought to be the simplest way, it shrinks and collapses the gel network. In this research, uniform sol was prepared by sonication at room temperature. The surface of the developed wet gel was modified with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) after solvent exchange. The prepared aerogels underwent various characterization techniques to evaluate their functional, structural, morphological, surface, and thermal properties. The textural and physical characteristics of prepared silica aerogel were examined in relation to the precursor concentration, catalysts that affect the density of silica aerogel, volumetric shrinkage, and gelation time. The silica aerogel was found thermally stable up to 800 °C while hydrophobicity retained up to 350 °C. The contact angle of prepared aerogels confirms their hydrophobic nature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results demonstrate the porous nature of silica aerogel. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed that the surface area and the pore radius were 784 m2/g and 36 Å, respectively.
{"title":"Non-supercritical drying synthesis of hydrophobic, low-density, and high surface area silica aerogel using a sonication technique","authors":"J. Sharma, Shivangi Shukla, Javed Sheikh, B. Behera","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2225100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2225100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Replacing the solvent in silica aerogel production with air is critical in getting the desired physical properties. Even though drying by evaporation under ambient pressure is thought to be the simplest way, it shrinks and collapses the gel network. In this research, uniform sol was prepared by sonication at room temperature. The surface of the developed wet gel was modified with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) after solvent exchange. The prepared aerogels underwent various characterization techniques to evaluate their functional, structural, morphological, surface, and thermal properties. The textural and physical characteristics of prepared silica aerogel were examined in relation to the precursor concentration, catalysts that affect the density of silica aerogel, volumetric shrinkage, and gelation time. The silica aerogel was found thermally stable up to 800 °C while hydrophobicity retained up to 350 °C. The contact angle of prepared aerogels confirms their hydrophobic nature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results demonstrate the porous nature of silica aerogel. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed that the surface area and the pore radius were 784 m2/g and 36 Å, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2201 - 2209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42047415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2220777
Deependra Rajoriya, M. L. Bhavya, H. U. Hebbar
Abstract The market demand for fruit-based healthy snacks in dried form is increasing rapidly. Novel and efficient drying techniques are being explored to meet market demand of fruit-based snacks with better nutritive value and sensorial attributes. In this study, suitability of far infrared assisted refractance window (FIR + RW) drying to obtain banana leather was ascertained and drying behavior, bioactives, flavor, microstructure, and sensory attributes were compared with RW and hot air (HA) drying. FIR + RW and RW reduced the drying time by 60–75% and energy consumption by 38–45% as compared to HA. RW drying preserved color and retained higher phenolics (19%), ascorbic acid (22%) and antioxidant capacity (16–47%) compared to HA. Among the studied methods, HA resulted in higher browning index and hydroxymethylfurfural content. FIR + RW and RW dried banana samples had maximum flavor compounds, better overall consumer acceptance and improved cellular structure with widened pores. The study indicated that RW and FIR + RW have good potential to be considered as alternative drying techniques to HA for producing high-quality fruit leather.
{"title":"Far infrared assisted refractance window drying: Influence on drying characteristics and quality of banana leather","authors":"Deependra Rajoriya, M. L. Bhavya, H. U. Hebbar","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2220777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2220777","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The market demand for fruit-based healthy snacks in dried form is increasing rapidly. Novel and efficient drying techniques are being explored to meet market demand of fruit-based snacks with better nutritive value and sensorial attributes. In this study, suitability of far infrared assisted refractance window (FIR + RW) drying to obtain banana leather was ascertained and drying behavior, bioactives, flavor, microstructure, and sensory attributes were compared with RW and hot air (HA) drying. FIR + RW and RW reduced the drying time by 60–75% and energy consumption by 38–45% as compared to HA. RW drying preserved color and retained higher phenolics (19%), ascorbic acid (22%) and antioxidant capacity (16–47%) compared to HA. Among the studied methods, HA resulted in higher browning index and hydroxymethylfurfural content. FIR + RW and RW dried banana samples had maximum flavor compounds, better overall consumer acceptance and improved cellular structure with widened pores. The study indicated that RW and FIR + RW have good potential to be considered as alternative drying techniques to HA for producing high-quality fruit leather.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2143 - 2155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43290083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2216781
Murat Catalkaya, O. Akay, M. Das, E. Akpinar
Abstract In this study, to distribute the drying air uniformly on the product surface, straight and trapeze air barriers were designed in the drying chamber of the existing tunnel dryer. The effects of air barriers on product surface temperature changes were investigated by computational fluid dynamics analysis (CFD). Drying time in the experiment without an air barrier decreased by 45% with the trapeze barrier and 20% with the straight barrier. Likewise, the trapeze barrier provided 53.9% energy savings, and the straight barrier 37.4% energy saving compared to the drying process carried out in the current system. Also, using the experimental data, mathematical equations that can calculate activation energy (Ea) in the drying process were produced with the help of regression-based artificial intelligence methods (Pace and Elastic.Net). With the help of these equations, the Ea values of the drying process performed under different experimental conditions were determined, and a 1.03% error value was calculated between the obtained Ea values and the experimental values.
{"title":"Application of experimental, numerical, and machine learning methods to improve drying performance and decrease energy consumption of tunnel-type food dryer","authors":"Murat Catalkaya, O. Akay, M. Das, E. Akpinar","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2216781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2216781","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, to distribute the drying air uniformly on the product surface, straight and trapeze air barriers were designed in the drying chamber of the existing tunnel dryer. The effects of air barriers on product surface temperature changes were investigated by computational fluid dynamics analysis (CFD). Drying time in the experiment without an air barrier decreased by 45% with the trapeze barrier and 20% with the straight barrier. Likewise, the trapeze barrier provided 53.9% energy savings, and the straight barrier 37.4% energy saving compared to the drying process carried out in the current system. Also, using the experimental data, mathematical equations that can calculate activation energy (Ea) in the drying process were produced with the help of regression-based artificial intelligence methods (Pace and Elastic.Net). With the help of these equations, the Ea values of the drying process performed under different experimental conditions were determined, and a 1.03% error value was calculated between the obtained Ea values and the experimental values.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2042 - 2061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48729714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2218162
M. Doß, N. Ray, E. Bänsch
Abstract We present a mathematical model for the full drying process of a single protein formulation droplet taking into account the convective impact arising from its levitation by a standing ultrasound wave. Using the finite element method allows us to compute the evaporation rate directly from the fully resolved heat and mass transfer within and around the levitated droplet. We apply our model to simulate the drying kinetics of pure water and aqueous phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) droplets under various levitation and drying conditions. Empirical data from the literature are used to validate and discuss our numerical results. The acoustic streaming turns out to accelerate not only the first but also the second drying stage. Moreover, the dehydration of the protein molecules is found to be primarily responsible for their enzymatic inactivation throughout the drying process.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of single droplet drying in an acoustic levitator","authors":"M. Doß, N. Ray, E. Bänsch","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2218162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2218162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present a mathematical model for the full drying process of a single protein formulation droplet taking into account the convective impact arising from its levitation by a standing ultrasound wave. Using the finite element method allows us to compute the evaporation rate directly from the fully resolved heat and mass transfer within and around the levitated droplet. We apply our model to simulate the drying kinetics of pure water and aqueous phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) droplets under various levitation and drying conditions. Empirical data from the literature are used to validate and discuss our numerical results. The acoustic streaming turns out to accelerate not only the first but also the second drying stage. Moreover, the dehydration of the protein molecules is found to be primarily responsible for their enzymatic inactivation throughout the drying process.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2088 - 2104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42862499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2219736
A. Juneja, P. Barnwal, A. K. Sharma, Banashree Naskar, Amit Kumar
Abstract Spray drying of milk is a highly energy intensive process. In this study, thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analyses of two-stage spray drying plant have been executed. This plant was analyzed on the basis of various parameters such as energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, energy improvement potential, exergy improvement potential, etc. The energy and exergy efficiency of the plant were 72.90 and 35.15%, respectively. The maximum energy improvement potential was for drying whereas maximum exergy improvement potential was for homogenizer. It indicates huge scope in the technical improvement for drying chamber and homogenizer of the plant. The highest cost of processing was for cyclone separator (percentage relative cost difference: 44%) followed by drying chamber (percentage relative cost difference: 40.71%). Highest energy destroyed was calculated for drying chamber (195.83 kJ/kg) followed by VFBD (87.62 kJ/kg). Lowest energy efficiency was calculated for VFBD (34.64%) followed by drying chamber (50.04%). Highest energy improvement potential was estimated for drying chamber (97.86 kJ/kg). Highest relative energy destruction ratio was calculated for drying chamber (52.04%) followed by VFBD (23.30%). Highest energetic factor was calculated for drying chamber (28.22%) followed by homogenizer (16.71%). Based on these analyses, it was realized that performance of the spray drying plant may be substantially improved by some design improvement of drying chamber and homogenizer only.
{"title":"Thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analyses of two-stage spray drying plant for skim milk powder production","authors":"A. Juneja, P. Barnwal, A. K. Sharma, Banashree Naskar, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2219736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2219736","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spray drying of milk is a highly energy intensive process. In this study, thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analyses of two-stage spray drying plant have been executed. This plant was analyzed on the basis of various parameters such as energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, energy improvement potential, exergy improvement potential, etc. The energy and exergy efficiency of the plant were 72.90 and 35.15%, respectively. The maximum energy improvement potential was for drying whereas maximum exergy improvement potential was for homogenizer. It indicates huge scope in the technical improvement for drying chamber and homogenizer of the plant. The highest cost of processing was for cyclone separator (percentage relative cost difference: 44%) followed by drying chamber (percentage relative cost difference: 40.71%). Highest energy destroyed was calculated for drying chamber (195.83 kJ/kg) followed by VFBD (87.62 kJ/kg). Lowest energy efficiency was calculated for VFBD (34.64%) followed by drying chamber (50.04%). Highest energy improvement potential was estimated for drying chamber (97.86 kJ/kg). Highest relative energy destruction ratio was calculated for drying chamber (52.04%) followed by VFBD (23.30%). Highest energetic factor was calculated for drying chamber (28.22%) followed by homogenizer (16.71%). Based on these analyses, it was realized that performance of the spray drying plant may be substantially improved by some design improvement of drying chamber and homogenizer only.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2105 - 2118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46221836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2023.2217242
Azza Dabous, S. D’ambrosio, D. Cimini, C. Schiraldi
Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the influence of compatible solutes such as ectoine and hydroxyectoine (HOE), on bacterial cell viability during freeze-drying and storage (at 4 °C and 25 °C), in comparison to the well-established use of trehalose. Three strains, namely Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Levilactobacillus brevis SP-48, and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 were used as models demonstrating that the highest survival rate during freeze drying was observed for cells protected with HOE. Although trehalose was more effective during lyophilization, interestingly the combination of trehalose and HOE most efficiently preserved long-term cell viability (viability loss < 0.5 log units after 6 months of storage). Finally, the ability of HOE to contribute to strain resistance in simulated gastrointestinal juices was evaluated and the latter protected all the strains tested more efficiently than all the other solutes, in particular the viability was improved from 58%, 87.5%, and 94% when cells were dried with saline solution to 88%, 98.3%, and 98% when lyophilized with HOE for L. fermentum, L. brevis, and B. lactis, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of HOE to trehalose improves the stability of probiotics during storage and enhances the survivability in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions.
{"title":"Novel hydroxyectoines based formulations are suitable for preserving viability of Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Levilactobacillus brevis SP-48 and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 during freeze-drying and storage, and in simulated gastrointestinal fluids","authors":"Azza Dabous, S. D’ambrosio, D. Cimini, C. Schiraldi","doi":"10.1080/07373937.2023.2217242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2023.2217242","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the influence of compatible solutes such as ectoine and hydroxyectoine (HOE), on bacterial cell viability during freeze-drying and storage (at 4 °C and 25 °C), in comparison to the well-established use of trehalose. Three strains, namely Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Levilactobacillus brevis SP-48, and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 were used as models demonstrating that the highest survival rate during freeze drying was observed for cells protected with HOE. Although trehalose was more effective during lyophilization, interestingly the combination of trehalose and HOE most efficiently preserved long-term cell viability (viability loss < 0.5 log units after 6 months of storage). Finally, the ability of HOE to contribute to strain resistance in simulated gastrointestinal juices was evaluated and the latter protected all the strains tested more efficiently than all the other solutes, in particular the viability was improved from 58%, 87.5%, and 94% when cells were dried with saline solution to 88%, 98.3%, and 98% when lyophilized with HOE for L. fermentum, L. brevis, and B. lactis, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of HOE to trehalose improves the stability of probiotics during storage and enhances the survivability in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions.","PeriodicalId":11374,"journal":{"name":"Drying Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2062 - 2073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47965776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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