This work integrated in a process simulation, the anaerobic digestion of swine slurry and three technological alternatives for the energetic use of biogas. In addition, the energy yield and technical-economic feasibility were evaluated under different swine population scenarios in Cuba. Aspen Plus v12.0 was used to incorporate the alternatives analyzed: steam generator, internal combustion engine and heat recovery boiler. The results of the study indicated energy efficiencies between 79%-85%, TIR between 36%-43%, VAN between 2578818.80$-1975810.72$, with a PRD between 2.8 and 3.5 years. The profitability of the project was found to be most sensitive to the variation in the scenarios of pig population per alternative, with scenario 4 being the most profitable. The study provides important insights into the use of this renewable energy sources in rural areas, with a focus on environmental sustainability. Key Words: Biogas, energy efficiency, Aspen modelling, economic analysis.
这项工作整合了一个过程模拟，猪浆的厌氧消化和三种技术替代的沼气的能源利用。此外，还对古巴不同猪群情景下的能量产量和技术经济可行性进行了评价。采用Aspen Plus v12.0作为备选方案:蒸汽发生器、内燃机和余热锅炉。研究结果表明，能源效率在79%-85%之间，TIR在36%-43%之间，VAN在2578818.80美元-1975810.72美元之间，PRD在2.8至3.5年之间。研究发现，该项目的盈利能力对每个备选方案的猪群情况变化最为敏感，其中方案4的盈利能力最强。这项研究为农村地区使用这种可再生能源提供了重要见解，重点是环境的可持续性。关键词:沼气，能效，Aspen模型，经济分析
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS FOR UTILIZING BIOGAS PRODUCED FROM SWINE WASTE FOR ENERGY PURPOSES.","authors":"Lisdelys González Rodríguez, Vitaliy Danilo Suárez Chernov, Marlen Morales Zamora, Iosvany Díaz López","doi":"10.6036/10740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6036/10740","url":null,"abstract":"This work integrated in a process simulation, the anaerobic digestion of swine slurry and three technological alternatives for the energetic use of biogas. In addition, the energy yield and technical-economic feasibility were evaluated under different swine population scenarios in Cuba. Aspen Plus v12.0 was used to incorporate the alternatives analyzed: steam generator, internal combustion engine and heat recovery boiler. The results of the study indicated energy efficiencies between 79%-85%, TIR between 36%-43%, VAN between 2578818.80$-1975810.72$, with a PRD between 2.8 and 3.5 years. The profitability of the project was found to be most sensitive to the variation in the scenarios of pig population per alternative, with scenario 4 being the most profitable. The study provides important insights into the use of this renewable energy sources in rural areas, with a focus on environmental sustainability. Key Words: Biogas, energy efficiency, Aspen modelling, economic analysis.","PeriodicalId":11386,"journal":{"name":"Dyna","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135831117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Garazi Goenaga Goicoechea, NATALIA GUTIERREZ PEREZ, MAITANE URRUTXUA ANDIA, ARITZ ESNAOLA ARRUTI, FRANCISCO JAVIER VALLEJO OCHOA DE ALDA
Fiberglass reinforced polymeric composites are ideal for various applications due to their mechanical properties and lightweight. However, nowadays many fiberglass reinforced composite manufacturing processes are manual, which makes it complicated for them to meet industrial requirements regarding the quality and reliability of the manufactured parts, limiting their applications. The development of automatic and digital processes lead to the reduction of manual labour and, as a consequence, the cost and variability of the process. Nevertheless, the industrial implementation of these automatic processes requires them to be economically affordable, flexible and simple. Therefore, the research work carried out has focused on the development of an automatic fiberglass composite manufacturing process able to produce composites with mechanical properties comparable to those obtained in conventional manufacturing processes. For this purpose, a two-stage manufacturing line has been developed: (i) the automatic manufacture of fiberglass and ultraviolet (UV) resin prepregs, and (ii) the compaction and curing of these prepregs. The process has been validated by measuring the physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured composites and comparing them to those obtained with hand lay-up and infusion processes. Key Words: Automatic process, fiberglass, prepregs, UV curing, energy efficiency, productive efficiency.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN AUTOMATIC MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR FIBERGLASS COMPOSITES","authors":"Garazi Goenaga Goicoechea, NATALIA GUTIERREZ PEREZ, MAITANE URRUTXUA ANDIA, ARITZ ESNAOLA ARRUTI, FRANCISCO JAVIER VALLEJO OCHOA DE ALDA","doi":"10.6036/10739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6036/10739","url":null,"abstract":"Fiberglass reinforced polymeric composites are ideal for various applications due to their mechanical properties and lightweight. However, nowadays many fiberglass reinforced composite manufacturing processes are manual, which makes it complicated for them to meet industrial requirements regarding the quality and reliability of the manufactured parts, limiting their applications. The development of automatic and digital processes lead to the reduction of manual labour and, as a consequence, the cost and variability of the process. Nevertheless, the industrial implementation of these automatic processes requires them to be economically affordable, flexible and simple. Therefore, the research work carried out has focused on the development of an automatic fiberglass composite manufacturing process able to produce composites with mechanical properties comparable to those obtained in conventional manufacturing processes. For this purpose, a two-stage manufacturing line has been developed: (i) the automatic manufacture of fiberglass and ultraviolet (UV) resin prepregs, and (ii) the compaction and curing of these prepregs. The process has been validated by measuring the physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured composites and comparing them to those obtained with hand lay-up and infusion processes. Key Words: Automatic process, fiberglass, prepregs, UV curing, energy efficiency, productive efficiency.","PeriodicalId":11386,"journal":{"name":"Dyna","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136354887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v90n227.107046
R. A. García-León, Albert Sanchez-Torrez, Williams Rincon-Cardenas, Nelson Afanador-Garcia, Luis Moreno-Pacheco, Marco Lanziano-Barrera
This study presents an experimental study to improve the mechanical properties of a concrete cobble using statistical software. First, an experimental design was carried out using a statistical software to obtain the different mixtures of cement with additives such as clay and ashes from ceramic kilns and then optimize the number of tests to evaluate the mechanical properties of a cobble block with different percentages of additives. Finally, the results have shown that with a mixture composed of 93.3% of concrete, 3.33% of clay, and 3.33% of ashes, it was possible to obtain the highest compressive strength with 99% compliance.
{"title":"Experimental study about the improvement of the mechanical properties of a concrete cobble using recyclable additives","authors":"R. A. García-León, Albert Sanchez-Torrez, Williams Rincon-Cardenas, Nelson Afanador-Garcia, Luis Moreno-Pacheco, Marco Lanziano-Barrera","doi":"10.15446/dyna.v90n227.107046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v90n227.107046","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an experimental study to improve the mechanical properties of a concrete cobble using statistical software. First, an experimental design was carried out using a statistical software to obtain the different mixtures of cement with additives such as clay and ashes from ceramic kilns and then optimize the number of tests to evaluate the mechanical properties of a cobble block with different percentages of additives. Finally, the results have shown that with a mixture composed of 93.3% of concrete, 3.33% of clay, and 3.33% of ashes, it was possible to obtain the highest compressive strength with 99% compliance.","PeriodicalId":11386,"journal":{"name":"Dyna","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v90n227.107150
Jaime A. Gutiérrez-Monsalve, Juan Garzón, Difariney González-Gómez, A. Segura-Cardona
Academic performance (AP) is a proper pedagogical strategy to determine acquisition of learning outcomes. Monitoring is essential for decision-making regarding accompanying plans and improving educational quality. Saber-Pro is a standardized test applied by the Colombian Government to establish the ability in quantitative, English, critical reading, citizen comprehension, and written communication. The main objective is to determine which sociodemographic, pedagogical, and institutional factors will arise in AP. A canonical discriminant analysis was used to classify 100% of the student, and the risk of low AP was estimated. The model supports variables that explain potentiate risk factors associated with AP in engineering students according to Saber-Pro.
学业成绩（AP）是确定学习成果获得情况的适当教学策略。监测对于制定配套计划和提高教育质量至关重要。Saber-Pro 是哥伦比亚政府实施的一项标准化测试，旨在确定学生在定量、英语、批判性阅读、公民理解和书面交流方面的能力。其主要目的是确定哪些社会人口、教学和制度因素会在 AP 中出现。利用典型判别分析对 100%的学生进行分类，并估算出低 AP 的风险。该模型支持根据 Saber-Pro 解释与工科学生 AP 相关的潜在风险因素的变量。
{"title":"Factors related to academic performance among engineering students: a descriptive correlational research study","authors":"Jaime A. Gutiérrez-Monsalve, Juan Garzón, Difariney González-Gómez, A. Segura-Cardona","doi":"10.15446/dyna.v90n227.107150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v90n227.107150","url":null,"abstract":"Academic performance (AP) is a proper pedagogical strategy to determine acquisition of learning outcomes. Monitoring is essential for decision-making regarding accompanying plans and improving educational quality. Saber-Pro is a standardized test applied by the Colombian Government to establish the ability in quantitative, English, critical reading, citizen comprehension, and written communication. The main objective is to determine which sociodemographic, pedagogical, and institutional factors will arise in AP. A canonical discriminant analysis was used to classify 100% of the student, and the risk of low AP was estimated. The model supports variables that explain potentiate risk factors associated with AP in engineering students according to Saber-Pro.","PeriodicalId":11386,"journal":{"name":"Dyna","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v90n227.107420
Guillermo Brito-Acuña
This article presents the results of a systematic review of the methods to implement cybersecurity maturity. Based on them, it proposes a framework for excellence in aeronautical cybersecurity that integrates the objectives of aeronautical cybersecurity with capabilities and requirements, which contributes to increasing the maturity of aeronautical cybersecurity. It exposes 13 objectives with 120 capabilities and 5 functional maturity levels to gradually meet up to 600 aeronautical cybersecurity requirements. Which were taken from articles with good practices associated with publications of the last 5 years and the criteria resulting from the collaboration of managers and the validation of experts in the industry, which allowed it to be enriched with good practices associated with the management of cybersecurity and the resilience of these infrastructures.
{"title":"Aeronautic maturity cybersecurity: a framework","authors":"Guillermo Brito-Acuña","doi":"10.15446/dyna.v90n227.107420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v90n227.107420","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a systematic review of the methods to implement cybersecurity maturity. Based on them, it proposes a framework for excellence in aeronautical cybersecurity that integrates the objectives of aeronautical cybersecurity with capabilities and requirements, which contributes to increasing the maturity of aeronautical cybersecurity. It exposes 13 objectives with 120 capabilities and 5 functional maturity levels to gradually meet up to 600 aeronautical cybersecurity requirements. Which were taken from articles with good practices associated with publications of the last 5 years and the criteria resulting from the collaboration of managers and the validation of experts in the industry, which allowed it to be enriched with good practices associated with the management of cybersecurity and the resilience of these infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":11386,"journal":{"name":"Dyna","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v90n227.106149
Yessica Alejandra Montoya-Giraldo, Adriana Roxana Portela-Dávila, Danna Susunaga-Gómez, Jeaneth Patricia Urquijo-Morales, Álvaro Andrés Velásquez-Torres, D. Villanueva-Mejía
Iron is a micronutrient essential for optimal plant development, nevertheless, due to their low solubility it is poorly available to plants, affecting many agronomically important crops. Nanofertilizers are nanoparticles that have been used as an alternative for the release of micro and macronutrients necessary for plant nutrition. Therefore, in this research we evaluated the effect of the application of aqueous suspensions of iron oxide (magnetite-maghemite) nanoparticles stabilized with chitosan on the germination and growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants at in vitro level. Preliminary results suggest that for aqueous nanoparticle suspensions with iron contents below 50 ppm there is no evidence of negative effects on the seed germination process and on the growth of maize seedlings. Similarly, it was determined that there is no phytotoxic effect of the suspensions on Lettuce seeds.
{"title":"In vitro germination and growth of maize and lettuce seeds exposed to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles","authors":"Yessica Alejandra Montoya-Giraldo, Adriana Roxana Portela-Dávila, Danna Susunaga-Gómez, Jeaneth Patricia Urquijo-Morales, Álvaro Andrés Velásquez-Torres, D. Villanueva-Mejía","doi":"10.15446/dyna.v90n227.106149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v90n227.106149","url":null,"abstract":"Iron is a micronutrient essential for optimal plant development, nevertheless, due to their low solubility it is poorly available to plants, affecting many agronomically important crops. Nanofertilizers are nanoparticles that have been used as an alternative for the release of micro and macronutrients necessary for plant nutrition. Therefore, in this research we evaluated the effect of the application of aqueous suspensions of iron oxide (magnetite-maghemite) nanoparticles stabilized with chitosan on the germination and growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants at in vitro level. Preliminary results suggest that for aqueous nanoparticle suspensions with iron contents below 50 ppm there is no evidence of negative effects on the seed germination process and on the growth of maize seedlings. Similarly, it was determined that there is no phytotoxic effect of the suspensions on Lettuce seeds.","PeriodicalId":11386,"journal":{"name":"Dyna","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v90n227.106396
Santiago Aurelio Ochoa-García, Cristian Coello-Granda
In the development of water resources projects with large hydraulic infrastructures, alterations to the natural flow regime will increase the erosive processes on the discharge structures due to variability of the turbulent velocities and the particle transport. We analyzed the case of the Mazar dam, a project designed to regulate the solid and liquid flows that come from the Paute river basin. Erosive processes of great magnitude are generated in the stilling basin of Mazar dam, due to the intensity of turbulent velocities produced in extreme events. We applied the Delft3D numerical model to simulate the hydrodynamic and sediment transport conditions to evaluate the stability conditions of the Mazar dam stilling basin. With the results obtained, vulnerable zones have been identified in the stilling basin. We recommended mitigation measures with the installation of a geomembrane to reduce the erosive processes in the vulnerable zones.
{"title":"Hydro-morphological simulation of the stilling basin of Mazar dam with 3D schemes","authors":"Santiago Aurelio Ochoa-García, Cristian Coello-Granda","doi":"10.15446/dyna.v90n227.106396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v90n227.106396","url":null,"abstract":"In the development of water resources projects with large hydraulic infrastructures, alterations to the natural flow regime will increase the erosive processes on the discharge structures due to variability of the turbulent velocities and the particle transport. We analyzed the case of the Mazar dam, a project designed to regulate the solid and liquid flows that come from the Paute river basin. Erosive processes of great magnitude are generated in the stilling basin of Mazar dam, due to the intensity of turbulent velocities produced in extreme events. We applied the Delft3D numerical model to simulate the hydrodynamic and sediment transport conditions to evaluate the stability conditions of the Mazar dam stilling basin. With the results obtained, vulnerable zones have been identified in the stilling basin. We recommended mitigation measures with the installation of a geomembrane to reduce the erosive processes in the vulnerable zones.","PeriodicalId":11386,"journal":{"name":"Dyna","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gutiérrez, Andres Castillo, Juan Fernando Iñiguez Izquierdo, D. Pérez
Las vibraciones en los motores de combustion interna se entienden principalmente como el efecto del movimiento alternativo y rotatorio de sus componentes, tales como los del conjunto piston-biela y ciguenal, respectivamente. Sin embargo; existen otros factores, tales como el proceso de combustion, que condicionan la estabilidad y el nivel de vibracion del motor.
{"title":"VIBRACIONES DEL MOTOR DE COMBUSTIÓN INTERNA DEPENDIENDO DEL TIPO DE COMBUSTIBLE","authors":"M. Gutiérrez, Andres Castillo, Juan Fernando Iñiguez Izquierdo, D. Pérez","doi":"10.6036/9031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6036/9031","url":null,"abstract":"Las vibraciones en los motores de combustion interna se entienden principalmente como el efecto del movimiento alternativo y rotatorio de sus componentes, tales como los del conjunto piston-biela y ciguenal, respectivamente. Sin embargo; existen otros factores, tales como el proceso de combustion, que condicionan la estabilidad y el nivel de vibracion del motor.","PeriodicalId":11386,"journal":{"name":"Dyna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48056263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El proyecto ENABLE esta financiado por el programa H2020 en el marco de la gAccion ITN Marie Sk.odowska-Curieh (grant no 764979). La red involucra a academicos y empresas en la formacion de una nueva generacion de 9 jovenes investigadores para el futuro de la fabricacion. ENABLE propone un replanteamiento completo de los metodos habituales de simulacion de procesos a partir de una simulacion avanzada con aspectos multiescalas y multifisicos innovadores. En 4 anos, permitira a los estudiantes adquirir habilidades esenciales para el desarrollo de una carrera profesional de alto nivel.
Enable项目由ITN Marie SK.Odowska-Curieòh（赠款编号764979）框架内的H2020计划资助。该网络让学者和公司参与为未来的制造业培训新一代9名年轻研究人员。Enable建议在具有创新多尺度和多物理方面的高级模拟的基础上，全面重新思考通常的过程模拟方法。在4年内，它将使学生能够获得发展高水平职业生涯所必需的技能。
{"title":"ENABLE (EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR ALLOYS BEHAVIOR LAW ENHANCEMENT), SIMULACIÓN DEL FUTURO PARA PROCESOS DE FABRICACIÓN","authors":"F. G. Mata, Jan. Jansson, F. Veiga, A. Echevarría","doi":"10.6036/9105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6036/9105","url":null,"abstract":"El proyecto ENABLE esta financiado por el programa H2020 en el marco de la gAccion ITN Marie Sk.odowska-Curieh (grant no 764979). La red involucra a academicos y empresas en la formacion de una nueva generacion de 9 jovenes investigadores para el futuro de la fabricacion. ENABLE propone un replanteamiento completo de los metodos habituales de simulacion de procesos a partir de una simulacion avanzada con aspectos multiescalas y multifisicos innovadores. En 4 anos, permitira a los estudiantes adquirir habilidades esenciales para el desarrollo de una carrera profesional de alto nivel.","PeriodicalId":11386,"journal":{"name":"Dyna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45636660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingping Shu, Ran He, Zaihua Zhang, Y. Yao, John Leonard
La carga horizontal es el principal factor de control de las estructuras prefabricadas de gran altura y el sistema de forjados es la pieza clave que garantiza la transmision efectiva de las cargas horizontales al sistema estructural. Sin embargo, las propiedades mecanicas de los sistemas prefabricados tradicionales, incluyendo los de pisos de madera y de hormigon, son pobres. Por lo tanto, ninguno de ellos puede ser adecuado para estructuras prefabricadas de grandes luces. Con el fin de mejorar las propiedades mecanicas de los sistemas de forjado, en este estudio se propone uno nuevo, formado por una celosia y compuesto por cuatro unidades realizadas en fabrica y ensambladas por medio de pernos en obra, que se pueden utilizar en estructuras prefabricadas de grandes luces. Se realizaron pruebas de carga unidireccional horizontales en 4 modelos estructurales de bastidor de dos pisos que fueron disenados con el concepto del nuevo sistema de forjado. Tomando como objeto de analisis la segunda planta de cada modelo, se analizaron las caracteristicas de fallo en horizontal, la deformacion, y la resistencia al cizallamiento equivalente. Por ultimo, tambien se evaluo la integridad y la rigidez en horizontal del nuevo forjado. Los resultados indican que todas las cargas de fisuracion de la losa de hormigon en el nuevo sistema de forjado son superiores a la carga horizontal equivalente estipulada por la normativa en China en caso de un terremoto poco frecuente de grado 7. Ademas, medidas adicionales de refuerzo (por ejemplo, el vertido de adhesivos estructurales en la junta de la losa principal y la colocacion de una banda in situ entre el forjado y la viga del bastidor) pueden aumentar considerablemente las propiedades mecanicas del nuevo sistema de forjado. El patron de distribucion de las fisuras en la losa de hormigon pasa de una distribucion local irregular punteada a una distribucion lineal significativa, lo que indica que la integridad del sistema de pisos se fortalece enormemente. Mas concretamente, la resistencia de cizallamiento equivalente del forjado es de 3,4-5,3 veces superior a la anterior, en el que no se han tomado medidas de refuerzo y, al mismo tiempo, la rigidez lateral total del sistema se incrementa en 2 veces, lo que significa que la rigidez en horizontal se incrementa significativamente mediante la toma de las medidas de refuerzo. Es decir, el forjado se transforma de un suelo elastico en un forjado rigido. Por lo tanto, el estudio puede proporcionar una referencia para la popularizacion y aplicacion del sistema de forjado mixto de celosia prefabricado propuesto. Palabras clave: Forjado mixto prefabricado, Sistema de forjado mixto de celosis, Junta de la losa de ensamblaje, Resistencia en horizontal, Integridad del forjado, Forjado rigido, Forjado semi-rigido.
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