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Evaluation of strength and stiffness degradation of RC shear walls: An integrated image processing and deep learning approach 评估 RC 剪力墙的强度和刚度退化:综合图像处理和深度学习方法
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4134
Xiaodong Ji, Yue Yu, Xiang Gao, Yuncheng Zhuang, Shaohui Zhang

In the aftermath of an earthquake, damage detection and performance evaluation of structural components are imperative for assessing the residual seismic capacity of a building. In this study, an integrated image processing and deep learning approach was developed to evaluate the degradation in strength and stiffness (i.e., strength reduction and stiffness reduction) of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. The approach comprised two main tasks: detecting and localizing visible seismic damage from photographs and evaluating strength and stiffness degradation based on this information. The semantic segmentation network, Damage-Net, was used for damage detection and localization. A novel crack morphological processing layer and a patch feature extraction layer were developed for damage feature extraction and compression. A lightweight deep convolutional neural network named DegradeEval-Net_v2, featuring the upgraded dilated and separable convolution block and multi-layer perception, was developed to link the damage feature with strength and stiffness degradation. A database comprising test data and photographs of 14 RC shear wall specimens with a flexural-dominated behavior mode and high to intermediate ductility was constructed to train and test the DegradeEval-Net_v2 network. The results indicate that DegradeEval-Net_v2 substantially improved the performance assessment accuracy of damaged RC shear walls, with a 35% smaller root mean square error (RMSE) for stiffness degradation evaluation and 75% smaller RMSE for strength degradation evaluation, compared with the provisions specified in JBDPA and FEMA guidelines. Moreover, evaluation results on test sets demonstrate that introducing the damage feature extraction and compression layers effectively preserved local crack information and improved the accuracy with which stiffness reduction was evaluated. In addition, DegradeEval-Net_v2 outperformed ResNet18 and MobileNet V3 in terms of balanced efficiency and accuracy. Interpretability analysis demonstrates that the model learned the distinct contribution patterns of various visible damage indexes to stiffness and strength degradation across different loading levels.

地震发生后,结构部件的损坏检测和性能评估对于评估建筑物的剩余抗震能力至关重要。本研究开发了一种集成图像处理和深度学习的方法,用于评估钢筋混凝土(RC)剪力墙的强度和刚度退化(即强度降低和刚度降低)。该方法包括两项主要任务:从照片中检测和定位可见的地震破坏,并根据这些信息评估强度和刚度的退化情况。语义分割网络 Damage-Net 用于损伤检测和定位。为提取和压缩损伤特征,开发了一个新颖的裂缝形态学处理层和一个补丁特征提取层。开发了一个名为 DegradeEval-Net_v2 的轻量级深度卷积神经网络,该网络具有升级的扩张和可分离卷积块以及多层感知,可将损伤特征与强度和刚度退化联系起来。为训练和测试 DegradeEval-Net_v2 网络,建立了一个数据库,其中包括 14 个具有弯曲主导行为模式和中高延性的钢筋混凝土剪力墙试件的测试数据和照片。结果表明,与 JBDPA 和 FEMA 指南中的规定相比,DegradeEval-Net_v2 大幅提高了受损钢筋混凝土剪力墙的性能评估准确性,刚度退化评估的均方根误差 (RMSE) 减小了 35%,强度退化评估的均方根误差 (RMSE) 减小了 75%。此外,测试集的评估结果表明,引入损伤特征提取和压缩层可有效保留局部裂缝信息,并提高刚度降低评估的准确性。此外,DegradeEval-Net_v2 在平衡效率和准确性方面优于 ResNet18 和 MobileNet V3。可解释性分析表明,该模型了解了各种可见损伤指标在不同加载水平下对刚度和强度降低的不同贡献模式。
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引用次数: 0
Accelerated time history iteration method for offline real-time hybrid testing 用于离线实时混合测试的加速时间历程迭代法
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4133
Youming Guo, Peng Pan

Real-time hybrid testing (RTHT) is an efficient method to simulate the dynamic behavior of complex engineering systems. A novel offline RTHT method has been developed in recent years, wherein the computation of the numerical substructure and the loading of the experimental substructure are independent. Offline RTHT has obvious advantages in terms of accuracy, stability, and cost compared with conventional online RTHT. However, due to the excessive number of iterations, the application range of the existing offline RTHT methods is limited. This paper proposes an accelerated time history iteration (ATHI) method based on system identification and virtual iteration. A two-loop parameter optimization (TLPO) method is developed to obtain an accurate discrete transfer function. Virtual iterations are performed by replacing the real system with an identified transfer function, which can reduce the number of real iterations. Physical tests were performed on structures equipped with a tuned mass damper or active mass damper, where resonance, nonlinearity, closed-loop control, and measurement noise exist. The test results suggest that the real system can be accurately represented by the identified transfer function when adopting the TLPO method. The proposed ATHI successfully accelerates the convergence process while ensuring stability and accuracy.

实时混合测试(RTHT)是模拟复杂工程系统动态行为的一种有效方法。近年来,人们开发了一种新颖的离线 RTHT 方法,该方法中数值子结构的计算和实验子结构的加载是独立的。与传统的在线 RTHT 相比,离线 RTHT 在精度、稳定性和成本方面具有明显优势。然而,由于迭代次数过多,现有离线 RTHT 方法的应用范围有限。本文提出了一种基于系统识别和虚拟迭代的加速时间历程迭代(ATHI)方法。开发了一种双环参数优化(TLPO)方法,以获得精确的离散传递函数。虚拟迭代是通过用识别的传递函数替换真实系统来进行的,这样可以减少实际迭代的次数。对装有调谐质量阻尼器或主动质量阻尼器的结构进行了实际测试,这些结构存在共振、非线性、闭环控制和测量噪声。测试结果表明,采用 TLPO 方法时,所识别的传递函数可以准确地表示真实系统。所提出的 ATHI 成功地加速了收敛过程,同时确保了稳定性和准确性。
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引用次数: 0
A supervised approach for improving the dimensionless frequency estimation for time-domain simulations of building structures on embedded foundations 改进嵌入式地基上建筑结构时域模拟的无量纲频率估计的监督方法
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-28 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4137
Danilo Kusanovic, Peyman Ayoubi, Elnaz Seylabi, Domniki Asimaki

The analysis of soil–structure interaction (SSI) problems has been established successfully in recent decades. In particular, the solution in the frequency domain provides an exact and efficient method for computing the response of the coupled system. Despite this, the state of practice as a first attempt to incentivize time domain analyses compatible with standard finite element packages introduces the so-called dimensionless flexible-base frequency. This frequency, which depends solely on the structure-to-soil-period ratio, allows transforming the frequency domain analyses into time domain analyses using frequency-independent soil impedance values. However, if such frequency exists for the combined system, it must depend on several physical variables. In this work, we propose a supervised approach to obtain the flexible-base dimensionless frequency at which the frequency-independent soil impedance should be used. The analysis is carried out using five dimensionless parameters, and the importance of each one to the estimation of the dimensionless flexible-base frequency is investigated. We use an inverse problem based on ensemble Kalman inversion (EnKI) to obtain the optimal frequency of the interaction. The data obtained are then employed in a machine-learning framework to map a set of dimensionless parameters to such a frequency. The generated mapping is finally verified, and a significant improvement in time-domain simulations is shown compared to the state of practice.

近几十年来,对土壤-结构相互作用(SSI)问题的分析已经取得了成功。其中,频域求解为计算耦合系统的响应提供了一种精确而高效的方法。尽管如此,作为与标准有限元软件包兼容的时域分析的首次尝试,实践中引入了所谓的无量纲柔性基频。该频率完全取决于结构与土壤的周期比,可以使用与频率无关的土壤阻抗值将频域分析转换为时域分析。然而,如果组合系统存在这种频率,它必须取决于多个物理变量。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种有监督的方法,以获得应使用与频率无关的土壤阻抗的柔性基底无量纲频率。分析使用了五个无量纲参数,并研究了每个参数对估算无量纲柔性基底频率的重要性。我们使用基于集合卡尔曼反演(EnKI)的逆问题来获得最佳相互作用频率。然后将获得的数据应用于机器学习框架,将一组无量纲参数映射到该频率。最后对生成的映射进行验证,结果表明时域模拟比实际情况有显著改善。
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引用次数: 0
Pseudo-dynamic testing, repairability, and resilience assessment of a large-scale steel structure equipped with self-centering column bases 配备自定心柱基的大型钢结构的伪动态测试、可修复性和回弹性评估
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4131
Elena Elettore, Fabio Freddi, Massimo Latour, Vincenzo Piluso, Gianvittorio Rizzano

Recent destructive seismic events have underlined the need for increasing research efforts devoted to the development of innovative seismic-resilient structures able to reduce seismic-induced direct and indirect losses. Regarding steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs), the inclusion of Friction Devices (FDs) in Beam-to-Column Joints (BCJs) has emerged as an effective solution to dissipate the seismic input energy while ensuring a damage-free behavior. Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated the benefits of implementing similar damage-free solutions for Column Bases (CBs). In this context, the authors have recently experimentally investigated a Self-Centering CB (SC-CB) aimed at residual drift reduction. Previous experimental tests only focused on the response of isolated SC-CBs under cyclic loads. Conversely, the present paper advances the research through an experimental campaign on a large-scale steel structure equipped with the proposed SC-CBs, providing valuable insights into the global structural response and improved repairability. A set of eight Pseudo-Dynamic (PsD) tests were conducted considering different records and configurations of the structure. The experimental results highlighted the effectiveness of the SC-CBs in minimizing the residual interstory drifts and protecting the first-story columns from damage, thus enhancing the structure's resilience. Moreover, the consecutive PsD tests allowed investigating the effectiveness of the reparation process in restoring the seismic performance of the ‘undamaged’ structure. An advanced numerical model was developed in OpenSees and validated against the global and component-level experimental results. Incremental Dynamic Analyses were finally performed to investigate the influence of the SC-CBs on the structure's seismic response while accounting for the record-to-record variability.

最近发生的破坏性地震事件突出表明,有必要加大研究力度,致力于开发能够减少地震造成的直接和间接损失的创新抗震结构。关于钢制力矩抵抗框架 (MRF),在梁与柱连接处 (BCJ) 加入摩擦装置 (FD) 已成为一种有效的解决方案,既能消散地震输入能量,又能确保无损坏行为。此外,最近的研究也证明了在柱基 (CB) 中实施类似无损坏解决方案的好处。在此背景下,作者最近对旨在减少残余漂移的自定心 CB(SC-CB)进行了实验研究。以前的实验测试只关注孤立的 SC-CB 在循环荷载下的响应。与此相反,本文通过对装有拟议的 SC-CB 的大型钢结构进行实验活动来推进研究,从而为了解整体结构响应和提高可修复性提供宝贵的见解。考虑到结构的不同记录和配置,进行了八次伪动态(PsD)试验。试验结果表明,SC-CBs 能有效地减少残余的层间漂移,保护首层支柱免受损坏,从而增强结构的韧性。此外,连续的 PsD 试验还有助于研究修复过程在恢复 "未受损 "结构的抗震性能方面的有效性。在 OpenSees 中开发了一个先进的数值模型,并根据整体和组件级实验结果进行了验证。最后进行了增量动态分析,以研究 SC-CB 对结构地震响应的影响,同时考虑到记录与记录之间的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of axial compression ratio on seismic behavior of shallow-buried rectangular stations: Hybrid simulation and quasi-static test 轴压比对浅埋矩形台站地震行为的影响混合模拟和准静力试验
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4138
Xuesong Cai, Chengyu Yang, Zhiqian Liu, Liming Jiang, Yong Yuan

In the absence of experimental investigations on column members of underground structures, full-scale column specimens were tested to explore the seismic behavior of shallow-buried subway stations at various depths. The axial compression ratios of internal column specimens were set as 0.16, 0.33, and 0.40. Both hybrid simulations and quasi-static tests were performed on the station columns. The hybrid simulations illustrated the drift demands of internal columns, while the load-carrying capacity and deformation capacity were obtained from the quasi-static tests. Hybrid simulations at low, moderate, and high-intensity levels were conducted to study the seismic responses of shallow-buried rectangular stations. The hybrid simulations suggest that the most severe damage occurred in the station when the axial compression ratio of the tested column reached 0.40. Central columns suffered severe stiffness deterioration under high-level earthquake excitation, especially in stations at greater depths. Meanwhile, the quasi-static test results indicate that the ultimate load of the central columns increases with increasing axial compression, but this leads to a significant decrease in the ductility of columns. Besides, the sectional analysis results show that the central columns are prone to tension-controlled failure, and the safety margin for flexural response deteriorates with an increasing axial compression ratio. The test results indicate that shallow-buried rectangular stations are susceptible to flexure-controlled structural failure when their central columns possess a relatively low axial compression ratio and a high shear span-to-depth ratio. The failure mechanism of station columns is revealed by both the hybrid simulations and quasi-static tests, and the findings from the full-scale tests are beneficial for the practical design of shallow-buried rectangular stations.

由于缺乏对地下结构柱构件的实验研究,我们对全尺寸柱试件进行了测试,以探索不同深度浅埋地铁站的抗震行为。内柱试件的轴向压缩比分别设定为 0.16、0.33 和 0.40。对车站立柱进行了混合模拟和准静力试验。混合模拟说明了内柱的漂移要求,而承载能力和变形能力则是通过准静态试验获得的。在低、中、高烈度水平下进行了混合模拟,以研究浅埋矩形车站的地震响应。混合模拟结果表明,当测试柱的轴向压缩比达到 0.40 时,车站发生了最严重的破坏。在强震激励下,中心柱的刚度严重下降,尤其是在深度较大的台站。同时,准静力试验结果表明,中心柱的极限荷载随轴向压缩率的增加而增加,但这导致柱的延性显著下降。此外,断面分析结果表明,中心柱容易发生拉力控制破坏,而且随着轴向压缩比的增加,抗弯安全系数也会下降。试验结果表明,当浅埋矩形车站的中心柱具有相对较低的轴向压缩比和较高的剪切跨深比时,其结构很容易发生受屈曲控制的破坏。混合模拟和准静力试验揭示了车站支柱的破坏机理,全尺寸试验的结果有利于浅埋式矩形车站的实际设计。
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引用次数: 0
Shaking table test for subway station considering the influence of diaphragm walls 考虑地下连续墙影响的地铁站振动台试验
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4136
Haitao Yu, Zhikun Wang, Zhongjie Zhang, Yi Song, Shu Liu

Underground diaphragm walls are commonly used as a support system for the construction of subway stations, working together with inner side walls of subway stations to withstand the pressure from surrounding soils. However, the effect of diaphragm walls on the seismic response of subway stations is still not well understood yet, or at least not well considered during design. In this paper, a series of 1 g shaking table tests is designed to investigate the seismic response of a typical two-story and three-span subway station considering the influence of underground diaphragm walls. The stratum is simulated by synthetic model soil (a mixture of sand and sawdust), and the model structure and diaphragm walls are made by granular concrete with galvanized steel wires. A test case of the structure without diaphragm walls is also involved and taken as a benchmark comparison to understand the impact of diaphragm walls on the seismic response of subway station. The seismic excitations for the test include actual seismic records with the amplitude of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g, respectively. Based on the test data analysis, a comprehensive discussion is conducted on the influence of diaphragm walls on the seismic design of underground structures. Current misconceptions that ignoring the role of diaphragm walls is a conservative way in seismic design of underground structures are also reviewed. Results show that the presence of underground diaphragm walls would enhance the lateral stiffness of the structure, and thus significantly reduce the lateral deformation of subway stations during earthquakes. Notably, the structure with diaphragm walls also exhibits a significant amplification in acceleration response and experiences greater dynamic earth pressures on the sidewalls, and furthermore the strains at the connection between the sidewalls and diaphragm walls are dramatically amplified during the earthquake. It is worth noting that these adverse effects of the diaphragm walls on the amplification of dynamic earth pressures on the structure as well as the increase of internal forces at the sidewalls end-diaphragm walls connection should be carefully considered in the seismic design of underground structures.

地下连续墙通常用作地铁站建筑的支撑系统,与地铁站的内侧壁共同抵御来自周围土壤的压力。然而,人们对地下连续墙对地铁站地震反应的影响还不甚了解,至少在设计时没有充分考虑到这一点。本文设计了一系列 1 g 振动台试验,以研究考虑地下连续墙影响的典型两层三跨地铁站的地震响应。地层由合成模型土(砂和锯屑的混合物)模拟,模型结构和地下连续墙由带有镀锌钢丝的粒状混凝土制成。为了解地下连续墙对地铁站地震反应的影响,还进行了无地下连续墙结构的试验,并将其作为基准对比。试验的地震激励包括振幅分别为 0.2、0.4 和 0.8 g 的实际地震记录。根据试验数据分析,全面讨论了地下连续墙对地下结构抗震设计的影响。此外,还对目前地下结构抗震设计中忽视地下连续墙作用是一种保守做法的错误认识进行了评述。结果表明,地下连续墙的存在会增强结构的侧向刚度,从而显著减少地震时地铁站的侧向变形。值得注意的是,有地下连续墙的结构在加速度响应方面也表现出明显的放大,侧墙承受更大的动态土压力,此外,侧墙与地下连续墙连接处的应变在地震中也急剧放大。值得注意的是,地下结构的抗震设计应仔细考虑地下连续墙对结构动土压力放大的不利影响,以及侧墙端部与地下连续墙连接处内力的增加。
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引用次数: 0
Seismic intensity measures and predictive equations for the evaluation of earthquake—induced crest settlements of earth dams 评估地震引起的土坝坝顶沉降的地震烈度测量方法和预测方程
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4135
Andrea Nardo, Giovanni Biondi, Orazio Casablanca, Giuseppe Di Filippo, Ernesto Cascone

In this paper the results of 2D dynamic finite element analyses of a zoned earth dam are presented and discussed with the aim of detecting proper intensity measures able to describe the variation of the crest permanent settlement with the characteristics of the input ground motion. A large set of horizontal components of earthquake records has been selected and used as input motion considering both upstream and downstream directions. This allowed to explore the activation of plastic mechanisms in the dam embankment and the amplification of the horizontal accelerations. Starting from the analysis results, two original intensity measures, related to the amplitude, energy and frequency content of the input motion, have been detected and original empirical predictive formulas have also been derived to estimate the permanent crest settlement of the dam. The effectiveness of the proposed intensity measures and the reliability of the novel relationships between these intensity measures and earthquake-induced permanent crest settlements have been checked against (i) numerical results of further dynamic analyses carried out for the same dam using additional sets of input motions, (ii) numerical results available in the literature for two other earth dams and (iii) field data relative to the crest settlements induced in four earth dams by two recent large earthquakes. The whole set of analysis results allowed defining an empirical equation that appears as a promising general predictive tool for the earthquake-induced crest settlement of earth dams.

本文介绍并讨论了对分区土坝进行二维动态有限元分析的结果,目的是检测适当的强度措施,以描述坝顶永久沉降随输入地面运动特征的变化。我们选择了大量地震记录的水平分量,并将其作为考虑上下游方向的输入运动。这有助于探索大坝堤坝塑性机制的激活和水平加速度的放大。根据分析结果,发现了两种与输入运动的振幅、能量和频率含量相关的原始强度测量方法,并得出了原始经验预测公式,用于估算大坝的永久坝顶沉降。所提出的烈度测量方法的有效性,以及这些烈度测量方法与地震引起的永久坝顶沉降之间的新型关系的可靠性,已通过以下方面进行了检验:(i) 使用其他输入运动集对同一大坝进行进一步动态分析的数值结果;(ii) 文献中关于其他两个土坝的数值结果;(iii) 与最近两次大地震引起的四个土坝坝顶沉降有关的现场数据。根据整套分析结果,确定了一个经验方程,该方程似乎可以作为地震引起的土坝坝顶沉降的通用预测工具。
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引用次数: 0
Estimating structural response to bidirectional seismic excitation using spectrum compatible motions: Performance of a pair of companion spectra 利用频谱兼容运动估算结构对双向地震激励的响应:一对伴生频谱的性能
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4129
Arijit Acharjya, Atanu Santra, Rana Roy

Bidirectional analyses covering a range of incidence angles for several records are essential yet challenging for routine design. Recent studies have shown that the response to bidirectional shaking may be estimated per straightforward unidirectional analysis in the most preferred orientation in conjunction with the orthogonal combination rules, and this can also remove the need for various incidence angles. Further, it is well known that the mean response can be estimated with reduced dispersion using fewer spectrum-compatible records. Combining the advantages of both, a pair of companion spectra independent of period and orientation has recently been developed. While the basis of the companion spectra is established therein from a sound mathematical perspective, the applicability of the proposed spectra to real structures may be revisited, especially to structures sensitive to bidirectional interaction, before recommending the companion spectra for practical design. To achieve this end, following a brief scrutiny of the companion spectra, the performance of the same is critically examined for idealized SDoF analogues and real structures such as bridge piers representative of SDoF systems and buildings with asymmetry using single storey and multistorey models (MDoF systems). The results show that the response of the real structures to bidirectional seismic loading can be reasonably estimated with reduced dispersion using fewer records compatible with the pair of the companion spectra. As such, the critical response parameters may be computed by actual bidirectional analyses or by combining responses to unidirectional analyses under fewer spectrum compatible records. Hence, the pair of companion spectra that can be used as “target” to independently match two components of a chosen record is useful for practical design.

对于常规设计而言,涵盖多个记录的一系列入射角的双向分析是必不可少的,但也是具有挑战性的。最近的研究表明,双向振动的响应可以通过最优先方向上的直接单向分析结合正交组合规则进行估算,这样也就不需要各种入射角了。此外,众所周知,使用较少的频谱兼容记录就可以估算出平均响应,从而降低离散度。结合两者的优点,最近开发出了一对独立于周期和方向的伴生光谱。虽然从合理的数学角度来看,伴生频谱的基础已经建立,但在推荐伴生频谱用于实际设计之前,可能需要重新审视所建议的频谱对实际结构的适用性,尤其是对双向相互作用敏感的结构。为了实现这一目标,在对伴生频谱进行简要审查之后,我们对理想化的 SDoF 类似结构和实际结构(如 SDoF 系统的桥墩和使用单层和多层模型的不对称建筑物(MDoF 系统))的性能进行了严格审查。结果表明,真实结构对双向地震荷载的响应可以通过使用较少的与伴音谱对兼容的记录来合理估算,同时降低离散度。因此,临界响应参数可通过实际双向分析或在较少的频谱兼容记录下结合单向分析的响应来计算。因此,可用作 "目标 "来独立匹配所选记录的两个分量的一对伴生光谱对实际设计非常有用。
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引用次数: 0
Structural condition assessment with structural health monitoring systems and nonlinear simplified models 利用结构健康监测系统和非线性简化模型进行结构状况评估
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4132
Emre Aytulun, Serdar Soyöz

Damage assessment of tall buildings after an earthquake is important for efficient postearthquake management due to social and economic reasons. Structural health monitoring (SHM) system enables rapid, remote, and objective condition assessment for tall buildings by controlling dynamic properties of structures. However, tracking only the changes in dynamic properties of tall buildings may not be sufficient for damage assessment. In this paper, changes in modal frequencies and maximum interstory drift ratio are investigated as damage assessment indicators because they can be obtained by analyzing vibration data recorded by SHM system. On the other hand, limited number of sensors are used due to economic reasons. Therefore, in this paper, firstly, a unique methodology on development and optimization of nonlinear simplified model for tall buildings is presented to estimate responses of noninstrumented floors from instrumented floors. After that, new threshold values are suggested for changes in dynamic properties and interstory drift ratios to reliably decide performance level of structures after earthquakes. Finally, the proposed method was validated with vibration record of a real damaged building.

由于社会和经济原因,震后高层建筑的损坏评估对于有效的震后管理非常重要。结构健康监测(SHM)系统可通过控制结构的动态特性,对高层建筑进行快速、远程和客观的状况评估。然而,仅跟踪高层建筑动态特性的变化可能不足以进行损坏评估。本文研究了模态频率和最大层间漂移率的变化作为损伤评估指标,因为它们可以通过分析 SHM 系统记录的振动数据获得。另一方面,由于经济原因,使用的传感器数量有限。因此,本文首先介绍了一种开发和优化高层建筑非线性简化模型的独特方法,以从有仪器的楼层估算无仪器楼层的响应。然后,针对动态特性和层间漂移比的变化提出了新的阈值,以可靠地确定地震后结构的性能水平。最后,利用一栋真实受损建筑的振动记录对所提出的方法进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
A novel friction model for steel-polymer interfaces in sliding seismic isolation bearings 滑动隔震支座中钢-聚合物界面的新型摩擦模型
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4128
Armando Messina, Eduardo Miranda

Experiments have shown that the coefficient of friction in steel-polymer interfaces is influenced by several interacting parameters, making it difficult to accurately model the instantaneously varying coefficient of friction in sliding seismic isolation bearings. A new model to characterize the variation of the coefficient of friction in sliding seismic isolation bearings in which a thermoplastic slides relative to a steel surface is presented. The model takes into account the variation in the coefficient of friction produced by changes in sliding velocity, normal pressure, and stick-slip phenomena, as well as degradation due to frictional heating. In particular, the model takes into account the differences in behavior during reversing and nonreversing stick-slip transitions. It is shown that the proposed model is able to reproduce very well experimental results of friction tests using various steel-polymer interfaces.

实验表明,钢-聚合物界面的摩擦系数受多个相互作用参数的影响,因此很难准确模拟滑动隔震支座中瞬时变化的摩擦系数。本文提出了一个新模型,用于描述热塑性塑料相对于钢表面滑动的滑动隔震支座中摩擦系数的变化。该模型考虑了滑动速度、法向压力和粘滑现象的变化所产生的摩擦系数变化,以及摩擦加热引起的退化。特别是,该模型考虑到了反向和非反向粘滑转换过程中的行为差异。研究表明,所提出的模型能够很好地再现各种钢-聚合物界面摩擦试验的结果。
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Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
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