Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044124
Simeon J. Yates, Babak Akhgar, Christopher D. Bates, Lukasz Jopek, Richard Wilson
Criminal investigations generate large volumes of complex data that detectives have to analyse and understand. This data tend to be "i¾siloed' within individual jurisdictions and re-using it in other investigations can be difficult. Investigations into trans-national crimes are hampered by the problem of discovering relevant data held by agencies in other countries and of sharing those data. Gun-crimes are one major type of incident that showcases this: guns are easily moved across borders and used in multiple crimes but finding that a weapon was used elsewhere in Europe is difficult. In this paper we report on the Odyssey Project, an EU-funded initiative to mine, manipulate and share data about weapons and crimes. The project demonstrates the automatic combining of data from disparate repositories for cross-correlation and automated analysis. The data arrive from different cultural/domains with multiple reference models using real-time data feeds and historical databases.
{"title":"A platform for discovering and sharing confidential ballistic crime data","authors":"Simeon J. Yates, Babak Akhgar, Christopher D. Bates, Lukasz Jopek, Richard Wilson","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044124","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal investigations generate large volumes of complex data that detectives have to analyse and understand. This data tend to be \"i¾siloed' within individual jurisdictions and re-using it in other investigations can be difficult. Investigations into trans-national crimes are hampered by the problem of discovering relevant data held by agencies in other countries and of sharing those data. Gun-crimes are one major type of incident that showcases this: guns are easily moved across borders and used in multiple crimes but finding that a weapon was used elsewhere in Europe is difficult. In this paper we report on the Odyssey Project, an EU-funded initiative to mine, manipulate and share data about weapons and crimes. The project demonstrates the automatic combining of data from disparate repositories for cross-correlation and automated analysis. The data arrive from different cultural/domains with multiple reference models using real-time data feeds and historical databases.","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127951635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044120
Catherine Mulwa, S. Lawless, Mary Sharp, V. Wade
A current problem with the research of adaptive systems is the inconsistency of evaluation applied to the adaptive systems. However, evaluating an adaptive system is a difficult task due to the complexity of such systems. Evaluators need to ensure correct evaluation methods and measurement metrics are used. This paper reviews a variety of evaluation techniques applied in adaptive and user-adaptive systems. More specifically, it focuses on the user-centred evaluation of adaptive systems such as personalised recommender systems and adaptive information retrieval systems. The review tackles the question of "i¾How have user-centred evaluations of adaptive and user-adaptive systems been conducted and how can these evaluation practices be improved?' Based on the analysed results of the: (a) evaluation approaches, (b) user-centred evaluation techniques, and (c) evaluation metrics, we propose an evaluation framework for end-user experience in evaluating adaptive systems (EFEx).
{"title":"The evaluation of adaptive and personalised information retrieval systems: a review","authors":"Catherine Mulwa, S. Lawless, Mary Sharp, V. Wade","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044120","url":null,"abstract":"A current problem with the research of adaptive systems is the inconsistency of evaluation applied to the adaptive systems. However, evaluating an adaptive system is a difficult task due to the complexity of such systems. Evaluators need to ensure correct evaluation methods and measurement metrics are used. This paper reviews a variety of evaluation techniques applied in adaptive and user-adaptive systems. More specifically, it focuses on the user-centred evaluation of adaptive systems such as personalised recommender systems and adaptive information retrieval systems. The review tackles the question of \"i¾How have user-centred evaluations of adaptive and user-adaptive systems been conducted and how can these evaluation practices be improved?' Based on the analysed results of the: (a) evaluation approaches, (b) user-centred evaluation techniques, and (c) evaluation metrics, we propose an evaluation framework for end-user experience in evaluating adaptive systems (EFEx).","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132924449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044121
Omid Kashefi, M. Sharifi, A. Zamanifar
With the ever-increasing infiltration of the internet into everyday affairs of human life, the monitoring and control of social behaviours of users for the purpose of proper management of society has proved prudent. But, most existing approaches to social behaviour analysis are static and fall short of considering the varieties and differences in cultures and localities. We propose a dynamic approach to extract localised users' favourite websites through logging the URLs that were accessed by users in places such as universities and government institutions; then by categorising the content of logged websites, our categorised users' favourite websites were created dynamically. We evaluated our approach in a real setting by dynamically building up a database of users' favourite websites in a six months period operating in the ICT Ministry of Iran. Comparison with famous static URL databases showed the superiority of our approach in catching newly published websites, making our approach more durable in performance.
{"title":"WIA: a web inspection architecture","authors":"Omid Kashefi, M. Sharifi, A. Zamanifar","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044121","url":null,"abstract":"With the ever-increasing infiltration of the internet into everyday affairs of human life, the monitoring and control of social behaviours of users for the purpose of proper management of society has proved prudent. But, most existing approaches to social behaviour analysis are static and fall short of considering the varieties and differences in cultures and localities. We propose a dynamic approach to extract localised users' favourite websites through logging the URLs that were accessed by users in places such as universities and government institutions; then by categorising the content of logged websites, our categorised users' favourite websites were created dynamically. We evaluated our approach in a real setting by dynamically building up a database of users' favourite websites in a six months period operating in the ICT Ministry of Iran. Comparison with famous static URL databases showed the superiority of our approach in catching newly published websites, making our approach more durable in performance.","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129776808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044118
U. Niranjan, V. V. Krishna, Kanduri Srividya, V. Khanaa
Web recommendation systems are used to assist the user to access the most appropriate web pages that can satisfy their needs. This paper provides the web recommendation system which is based on incremental database. The incremental database contains the new navigational sequences from the user and this incremental database can be added with the existing sequence database. We have proposed a novel algorithm, called modified IncSpan, for the effectual mining of the sequential patterns from the incremental database. Finally, the performance of the proposed recommendation system is evaluated with precision, applicability and hit ratio.
{"title":"An efficient web recommendation system based on modified IncSpan algorithm","authors":"U. Niranjan, V. V. Krishna, Kanduri Srividya, V. Khanaa","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044118","url":null,"abstract":"Web recommendation systems are used to assist the user to access the most appropriate web pages that can satisfy their needs. This paper provides the web recommendation system which is based on incremental database. The incremental database contains the new navigational sequences from the user and this incremental database can be added with the existing sequence database. We have proposed a novel algorithm, called modified IncSpan, for the effectual mining of the sequential patterns from the incremental database. Finally, the performance of the proposed recommendation system is evaluated with precision, applicability and hit ratio.","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122451082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044123
Adam Grzywaczewski, R. Iqbal
Software engineering is a cognitively challenging process that requires continuous access to multiple sources of information. As a consequence Software Engineers spend a significant proportion of time (20"i¾30%) searching for information and engaging in opportunistic programming practices, reusing the existing software elements. In this paper, we summarise the findings, discussing how software developers interact with information and information retrieval systems. Importantly we investigate to what extent a domain-specific search and recommendation system can be delivered in order to support their daily activities. Based on two user studies, a questionnaire and an automated observation of user interactions with the browser, we identify that software engineers engage in a finite number of work-related tasks and also develop a finite number of "i¾work practices'/"i¾archetypes of behaviour'. Secondly we identify a group of domain-specific behaviours that can successfully be used for relevance feedback of a domain-specific and semi-collaborative information recommendation system that can support software engineers in performing their daily work-related tasks more effectively.
{"title":"Software engineers' information behaviour and implicit relevance indicators","authors":"Adam Grzywaczewski, R. Iqbal","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.044123","url":null,"abstract":"Software engineering is a cognitively challenging process that requires continuous access to multiple sources of information. As a consequence Software Engineers spend a significant proportion of time (20\"i¾30%) searching for information and engaging in opportunistic programming practices, reusing the existing software elements. In this paper, we summarise the findings, discussing how software developers interact with information and information retrieval systems. Importantly we investigate to what extent a domain-specific search and recommendation system can be delivered in order to support their daily activities. Based on two user studies, a questionnaire and an automated observation of user interactions with the browser, we identify that software engineers engage in a finite number of work-related tasks and also develop a finite number of \"i¾work practices'/\"i¾archetypes of behaviour'. Secondly we identify a group of domain-specific behaviours that can successfully be used for relevance feedback of a domain-specific and semi-collaborative information recommendation system that can support software engineers in performing their daily work-related tasks more effectively.","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126927414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038630
C. Sik-Lányi, Nóra Czank, András Sik
The current development of the internet and its growing use makes it necessary to satisfy the needs of all users including those with disabilities having accessibility problems. We developed a new validator software (XValid) based on the WCAG 2.0. We tested 18 countries' sites in 15 categories approximately 500 sites, with XValid. We made a statistical analysis based on our test. We determined the most frequently occurring errors based on these statistics. We took into account these typical errors, when we determined our minimal guidelines in ten points. People with disabilities could reach the internet barrier free if the web designer would test his/her design using our recommendations. The problem will be more and more important because the population of Europe will become older and older. This population needs accessible internet. Therefore it is very important to be prepared to cope with this problem now!
{"title":"Testing the accessibility of websites","authors":"C. Sik-Lányi, Nóra Czank, András Sik","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038630","url":null,"abstract":"The current development of the internet and its growing use makes it necessary to satisfy the needs of all users including those with disabilities having accessibility problems. We developed a new validator software (XValid) based on the WCAG 2.0. We tested 18 countries' sites in 15 categories approximately 500 sites, with XValid. We made a statistical analysis based on our test. We determined the most frequently occurring errors based on these statistics. We took into account these typical errors, when we determined our minimal guidelines in ten points. People with disabilities could reach the internet barrier free if the web designer would test his/her design using our recommendations. The problem will be more and more important because the population of Europe will become older and older. This population needs accessible internet. Therefore it is very important to be prepared to cope with this problem now!","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125113467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038627
I. Heldal
The proliferation of mobile technologies promises to improve quality of life, empower us and make us feel safer and more connected. However, this process is slow in the public safety sector due to its requirements for tailored solutions regarding robustness, accessibility, safety and security. Even if there are specially designed solutions on the market the roll out and the use of them is seldom, or heavily delayed. This paper shows that many of the barriers in the launching process are influenced by disseminations on the web and that not enough attention is paid to the changing role of the public. The paper enumerates key challenges following the communication during the introduction of RAKEL, a TETRA type infrastructure in Sweden.
{"title":"The role of web in launching and using radio communication for public safety","authors":"I. Heldal","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038627","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of mobile technologies promises to improve quality of life, empower us and make us feel safer and more connected. However, this process is slow in the public safety sector due to its requirements for tailored solutions regarding robustness, accessibility, safety and security. Even if there are specially designed solutions on the market the roll out and the use of them is seldom, or heavily delayed. This paper shows that many of the barriers in the launching process are influenced by disseminations on the web and that not enough attention is paid to the changing role of the public. The paper enumerates key challenges following the communication during the introduction of RAKEL, a TETRA type infrastructure in Sweden.","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128823465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038628
Suzette Keith, G. Whitney
The use of the design for all philosophy at all stages of the process of specification, design and management of ICT systems and products fosters an understanding of user diversity and supports the quality of life of older and disabled people. Future ICT professionals, including web developers, will therefore require training in the social and technical aspects of design for all. We here present the development of a curriculum in design for all which is intended to enable them to understand the philosophy, empathise with users with different needs to their own, and address the relevant software and hardware challenges. We conclude with a discussion on how mainstreaming accessibility within technology courses is a critical key to the success of digital inclusion policy. However, it must be noted the multidisciplinary nature of design for all represents a challenge to the way ICT technology knowledge and skills are currently constructed.
{"title":"Mainstreaming accessibility? Multidisciplinary problems or technical solutions","authors":"Suzette Keith, G. Whitney","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038628","url":null,"abstract":"The use of the design for all philosophy at all stages of the process of specification, design and management of ICT systems and products fosters an understanding of user diversity and supports the quality of life of older and disabled people. Future ICT professionals, including web developers, will therefore require training in the social and technical aspects of design for all. We here present the development of a curriculum in design for all which is intended to enable them to understand the philosophy, empathise with users with different needs to their own, and address the relevant software and hardware challenges. We conclude with a discussion on how mainstreaming accessibility within technology courses is a critical key to the success of digital inclusion policy. However, it must be noted the multidisciplinary nature of design for all represents a challenge to the way ICT technology knowledge and skills are currently constructed.","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134292856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038625
Erzsébet Forczek
When we transmit information through the internet, we would usually like it to reach many people. Our aim is for people to read it, to utilise it as a source, and to make use of it in their studies, e.g., in postgraduate courses, or in other fields of life. This article seeks to identify what elementary criteria our information source has to fulfil in order for search engines to find it, for users to consider it relevant and appropriate, and for it to meet the demands of users with disabilities. Only if these criteria are fulfilled does our website become really accessible. To promote this possibility, the article deals with the theoretical and practical dimensions of screen structure, data structure and metadata.
{"title":"Metadata and information structure design on websites - towards a web for all","authors":"Erzsébet Forczek","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038625","url":null,"abstract":"When we transmit information through the internet, we would usually like it to reach many people. Our aim is for people to read it, to utilise it as a source, and to make use of it in their studies, e.g., in postgraduate courses, or in other fields of life. This article seeks to identify what elementary criteria our information source has to fulfil in order for search engines to find it, for users to consider it relevant and appropriate, and for it to meet the demands of users with disabilities. Only if these criteria are fulfilled does our website become really accessible. To promote this possibility, the article deals with the theoretical and practical dimensions of screen structure, data structure and metadata.","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130197342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-01DOI: 10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038629
P. Mitrea, Cristina Deak
Health literacy is the basic pre-requisite for a well and healthy life. More than 80% of the everyday ailments can be handled by the patients themselves. However, when symptoms appear, it is often difficult for them to make the right decision, whether a health professional has to be seen or self care is still safe. This paper's objectives are to describe and design a design for all (DFA) principles based web solution for a system that guides the user through a symptom-orientated process of medical history, taking in order to determine a diagnosis. The specific questions and answers are analysed applying a highly sophisticated medical rules-engine. After the analysis, the online medical system (OLMS) presents arguments to the user, which either indicate, that it is still appropriate to self care, or recommend to see a health professional within a defined timeframe. Moreover, OLMS suggests what would be best to do in the user's specific situation.
{"title":"Online diagnosis e-health system for all, based on advanced web accessible database technologies","authors":"P. Mitrea, Cristina Deak","doi":"10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKWI.2011.038629","url":null,"abstract":"Health literacy is the basic pre-requisite for a well and healthy life. More than 80% of the everyday ailments can be handled by the patients themselves. However, when symptoms appear, it is often difficult for them to make the right decision, whether a health professional has to be seen or self care is still safe. This paper's objectives are to describe and design a design for all (DFA) principles based web solution for a system that guides the user through a symptom-orientated process of medical history, taking in order to determine a diagnosis. The specific questions and answers are analysed applying a highly sophisticated medical rules-engine. After the analysis, the online medical system (OLMS) presents arguments to the user, which either indicate, that it is still appropriate to self care, or recommend to see a health professional within a defined timeframe. Moreover, OLMS suggests what would be best to do in the user's specific situation.","PeriodicalId":113936,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Knowl. Web Intell.","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120942689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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