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The effect of littoral complexity on the diel distribution of early juvenile fish communities in temperate freshwater reservoirs 沿海复杂性对温带淡水水库早期幼鱼群落昼夜分布的影响
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12740
Zuzana Sajdlová, Tomáš Jůza, Vladislav Draštík, Jaromír Seďa, Martin Čech

The diel distribution of early juvenile fish communities from two temperate freshwater reservoirs that differed in cover of submerged aquatic vegetation was investigated. In the daytime, about 99.9% of the juvenile fish community from the plant-rich Žlutice Reservoir was found in the nearshore belt of submerged aquatic vegetation reaching an average abundance of ~7982 inds. 1000 m−3. In contrast, in the pelagic habitat, few fish were found at day. In the plant-poor Římov Reservoir, 98.9% of juveniles occupied the pelagic habitat during daytime and reached an average abundance of ~333 inds. 1000 m−3. Vertical distribution of fish in the pelagic habitat in both water bodies was affected by steep thermal and oxygen stratification and no individuals occurred below 6 m depth. At night, 88.8% of the juvenile fish community from the plant-rich Žlutice Reservoir was in the pelagic habitat with an average abundance of ~1423 inds. 1000 m−3. Their diel horizontal shifts were much more pronounced compared to the community from the Římov Reservoir that reached an average nighttime pelagic abundance of ~523 inds. 1000 m−3. Only 1.1% of the juvenile fish community in the Římov Reservoir was found in the littoral during the daytime and 0.7% at night reaching an average daytime abundance of ~1688 inds. 1000 m−3 and average nighttime time abundance of ~1664 inds. 1000 m−3. This study indicates that if a well-developed littoral zone with abundant aquatic vegetation is present, early juvenile fish will perform diel horizontal movement in temperate stratified reservoirs.

研究了两个不同淹没水生植被覆盖的温带淡水水库早期幼鱼群落的昼夜分布。白天,富含植物的Žlutice水库的幼鱼群落约99.9%分布在潜水植被近岸带,平均丰度为~7982个。相比之下,在远洋栖息地,白天发现的鱼很少。在植物贫乏的Římov水库,98.9%的幼鱼在白天占据上层生境,平均丰度为~333个。1000 m−3。两种水体中上层生境鱼类的垂直分布均受明显的热、氧分层影响,6 m以下均无个体出现。夜间,88.8%的幼鱼群落位于上层生境,平均丰度为~1423只。1000 m−3。与Římov水库的群落相比,它们的昼夜水平变化更为明显,后者的夜间远洋平均丰度为~523个。1000 m−3。Římov水库中仅有1.1%的幼鱼群落在白天出现在沿岸,0.7%出现在夜间,平均白天丰度为~1688头。1000 m−3,夜间平均丰度为~1664个。研究表明,在温带层状水库中,如果存在发育良好的滨海带和丰富的水生植被,早期幼鱼将进行昼夜水平运动。
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引用次数: 1
The effect of temperature on the dynamics of common bream Abramis brama migrations between the reservoir and its tributary 温度对布拉马鲷在水库及其支流之间迁徙动态的影响
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12736
Ondřej Slavík, Nikola Pfauserová, Marek Brabec, Jitka Kolářová, Daniel Červený, Pavel Horký

An active preference for higher temperatures within a physiological optimum is beneficial for animal movement. For example, ascending temperatures induce an increase in cyprinid fish metabolism and swimming ability. Spring upstream migrations driven by the search for resources may be related to these increases. Conversely, downstream migrations in autumn follow a decrease in temperature. When fish migrations are driven by a search for resources, for example, food availability and reproduction, or to avoid predators, then the temperature effect can be reduced to approximately the threshold temperatures that induce up- and/or downstream movement. To test this assumption, we tracked the seasonal migrations of the common bream Abramis brama between a reservoir and its tributary using radio tags with temperature sensors during a 5-year period. Upstream migrations of the species into the tributary were not motivated by seeking temperatures different from those in the reservoir, that is, fish body temperatures in both environments were comparable across seasons. However, for long-distance migrations, increasing temperature did support upstream migrations. Temperature did not determine the direction or intensity of short-distance migration of the species between the reservoir and the tributary. No significant influence of temperature was recorded for the downstream migrations according to the results of the generalised additive mixed model (GAMM1), which related movement distance as the explanatory variable to the signed fish body temperature as the response. The second model (GAMM2) relating fish body temperature as the explanatory variable to the signed movement distance as the response obtained a threshold value of 19.1°C for the upstream migrations and 1.5°C for the downstream migrations of the common bream.

在生理最适温度范围内主动偏好较高温度有利于动物的运动。例如,温度升高会提高鲤科鱼类的新陈代谢和游泳能力。春季为寻找资源而向上游洄游可能与温度升高有关。相反,秋季的下游洄游则是随着气温的下降而进行的。如果鱼类的洄游是为了寻找资源,例如食物供应和繁殖,或者是为了躲避捕食者,那么温度的影响就会减小到诱发鱼类向上和/或向下游洄游的临界温度。为了验证这一假设,我们使用带有温度传感器的无线电标签,对普通鳊鱼在水库和支流之间的季节性洄游进行了为期 5 年的追踪。该鱼种向支流的上游洄游并不是为了寻求与水库中不同的温度,也就是说,鱼类在两种环境中的体温在不同季节是相当的。不过,对于长距离洄游而言,温度的升高确实有助于鱼类向上游洄游。温度并不决定鱼类在水库和支流之间短距离洄游的方向或强度。根据广义相加混合模型(GAMM1)的结果,温度对下游洄游没有明显影响,该模型将洄游距离作为解释变量,鱼体温度作为响应变量。第二个模型(GAMM2)将鱼体温度作为解释变量,将移动距离作为响应变量,结果显示鲤鱼上游洄游的临界值为 19.1°C,下游洄游的临界值为 1.5°C。
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引用次数: 0
Lake depth alters the trajectory of ontogenetic niche shifts in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) in small lakes 湖泊深度改变了小型湖泊中欧亚鲈鱼个体发生生态位变化的轨迹
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12738
Ashley Trudeau, Thomas Mehner, Thomas Klefoth, Sven Matern, Robert Nikolaus, Robert Arlinghaus

The trophic niche of aquatic generalist predators is influenced by ontogeny, habitat characteristics, availability and type of prey, and competitive interactions. Many interrelated lake characteristics influence the availability of prey and may thereby impact foraging niches and the trajectory of ontogenetic niche shifts. Our work uses Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) as a model species to examine the correlation of multiple lake and fish community characteristics with the size-dependency of perch populations' realised trophic niche. We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to correlate the changes in perch trophic position across a gradient of total lengths in seven gravel pit lakes that differed in lake morphology, habitat heterogeneity, productivity, structural complexity, and fish community composition. Perch populations in lakes with more shallow-water habitat reached a higher trophic position at smaller sizes than perch in deeper lakes. However, the changes in trophic position with increasing size were less pronounced compared to perch from deeper lakes. Large individuals from the latter perch populations ultimately achieved higher mean trophic positions compared to fish from shallow lakes. Perch in lakes with more shallow-water habitat may, therefore, achieve lower rates of piscivory because of higher relative availability of macroinvertebrates or greater competition with zooplanktivores. Our results suggest that large, piscivorous perch are more likely to develop in deeper lakes, and that these changes in perch trophic position across ontogeny are more strongly related to the depth of lakes than to the type of structured habitat in the littoral zone.

水生食肉动物的营养生态位受本体、栖息地特征、猎物的可获得性和类型以及竞争性相互作用的影响。许多相互关联的湖泊特征都会影响猎物的可获得性,从而可能影响觅食生态位和个体发育生态位变化的轨迹。我们的研究以欧亚鲈鱼(Perca fluviatilis)为模式物种,考察了多种湖泊和鱼类群落特征与鲈鱼种群的实际营养生态位大小依赖性之间的相关性。我们使用碳和氮稳定同位素对七个砾石坑湖泊总长度梯度上鲈鱼营养位置的变化进行了相关分析,这些湖泊在湖泊形态、栖息地异质性、生产力、结构复杂性和鱼类群落组成方面存在差异。与较深湖泊中的鲈鱼相比,浅水栖息地较多湖泊中的鲈鱼种群在体型较小的时候就达到了较高的营养位置。然而,与较深湖泊中的鲈鱼相比,随着体型的增大,营养位置的变化并不明显。与来自浅水湖泊的鲈鱼相比,来自深水湖泊的鲈鱼种群中的大个体最终获得了更高的平均营养位置。因此,在浅水生境较多的湖泊中,鲈鱼的食鱼率可能较低,因为大型无脊椎动物的相对可得性较高,或与浮游动物的竞争较激烈。我们的研究结果表明,大型食鱼性鲈鱼更有可能在较深的湖泊中生长,而鲈鱼营养位置在整个发育过程中的变化与湖泊深度的关系比与沿岸带结构化生境类型的关系更为密切。
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引用次数: 0
Food web changes reflected in age-0 piscivore diets and growth 食物网的变化反映了0岁- 0岁鱼鱼的饮食和生长
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12737
Touhue Yang, Christine M. Mayer, Robin L. DeBruyne, Edward F. Roseman, Mark R. DuFour, Eric J. Weimer

Lake Erie walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) recruitment fluctuates annually and depends partially on their diet and growth during their first year of life. In recent decades, age-0 walleye diet and growth may be responding to food web changes in western Lake Erie. To determine how age-0 walleye have responded to changes in prey species and abundance, we compared diet between 2019, 2014 and 1994–1999. Larval walleye ate predominantly cyclopoids in 2019, compared to 1994–1999 when calanoids were the most consumed copepod. Juvenile walleye ate predominantly large cladocerans and benthic invertebrates in 2019, compared to 2014 and 1994 when fish was the most consumed prey. Additionally, in 2019 and 2014, age-0 walleye ate two of the current aquatic invasive species (AIS), Bythotrephes longimanus and Neogobius melanostomus, and the historical AIS, Osmerus mordax. Age-0 walleye were smaller in 2019 than in 2014 and switched to consuming more AIS and less fish suggesting that more energetically favourable prey were not available. While age-0 walleye showed adaptation to new prey and conditions, they had a lower quality diet because they consumed less fish, but also because the invasive fish they now consume have a lower energy density than native species. However, lower quality diet and size may not result in reduced survival, if adequate alternative prey is available. Continued monitoring of age-0 walleye diet could provide confirmation that lower diet quality during the first year decreased walleye growth and aid to identify any effects changes in age-0 diets has on recruitment to the adult population.

伊利湖白眼(Stizostedion vitum)的招募每年都有波动,部分取决于它们第一年的饮食和生长情况。近几十年来,0岁大的白眼鱼的饮食和生长可能会对伊利湖西部食物网的变化做出反应。为了确定0岁的白眼鱼是如何应对猎物种类和丰度的变化的,我们比较了2019年、2014年和1994-1999年之间的饮食。与1994-1999年消耗最多的角足类动物相比,2019年的幼虫主要吃环状动物。与2014年和1994年鱼类是最常食用的猎物相比,2019年的幼眼鱼主要吃大型卷尾海洋动物和底栖无脊椎动物。此外,在2019年和2014年,0岁大的白眼鱼吃掉了两种现有的水生入侵物种(AIS),即长形鱼(Bythotrephes longimanus)和黑口新虾(Neogobius melanostomus),以及历史上的水生入侵物种——莫达鱼(Osmerus mordax)。2019年,0岁大的白眼鱼比2014年更小,转而消耗更多的AIS和更少的鱼,这表明没有更有利能量的猎物。虽然0岁的白眼鱼表现出对新猎物和新环境的适应,但它们的饮食质量较低,因为它们消耗的鱼较少,但也因为它们现在消耗的入侵鱼的能量密度低于本地物种。然而,如果有足够的替代猎物,较低质量的饮食和体型可能不会导致存活率降低。持续监测0岁时的孔雀鱼饮食可以证实,第一年较低的饮食质量会降低孔雀鱼的生长,并有助于确定0岁时饮食变化对成年人群招募的任何影响。
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引用次数: 1
Considering dispersal costs to understand fish community dissimilarity in a high-gradient basin of North America 考虑扩散成本以了解北美高梯度流域鱼类群落的差异
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12739
Breno Laio Medeiros de Rezende, Renato Bolson Dala-Corte, Adriano S. Melo

Freshwater fish metacommunities are best understood when considering the dendritic structure of riverine networks. The dendritic structure imposes restrictions to dispersal associated with the connectivity. Many structures restrict the movement of fish even more, such as dams and the terrain slope (dispersal costs). We investigated the influence of environmental predictors and dispersal costs on the beta diversity of freshwater fishes from the Upper Tennessee River using Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM). In addition, we tested the effects of asymmetrical dispersal costs (high costs for upstream dispersal) on the nestedness of native and non-native fishes. Environmental predictors were more important than dispersal costs for explaining the overall fish dissimilarity in the GDM models, with the turnover capturing most of the explanation compared to the species richness difference. Dam heights were the most important dispersal cost variable in the GDM, mainly for species turnover. Overall dissimilarity of the native fish subset was better explained by environmental and dispersal variables than non-native fish (20.03% vs. 8.41%). Considering the native species assemblage subset, dispersal cost related to maximum channel slope between pairs of sites and watercourse distance increased the nestedness of adjacent upstream–downstream sites, whereas those attributed to dams reduced the nestedness. The results support that dams increase overall dissimilarity in the native fish metacommunity of the Upper Tennessee basin, but also reduce the nestedness of adjacent sites. Our findings improve the knowledge on how mechanisms and processes associated with dispersal costs in watersheds under the effects of dams create patterns of dissimilarity and nestedness.

如果考虑到河流网络的树枝状结构,就能最好地理解淡水鱼类元群落。树枝状结构对与连通性相关的扩散施加了限制。许多结构对鱼类活动的限制更大,如水坝和地形坡度(扩散成本)。我们利用广义相似性建模(GDM)研究了环境预测因子和扩散成本对田纳西河上游淡水鱼贝塔多样性的影响。此外,我们还测试了非对称扩散成本(上游扩散成本高)对本地和非本地鱼类嵌套性的影响。在 GDM 模型中,环境预测因子比扩散成本更能解释鱼类的整体差异,与物种丰富度差异相比,更替率占据了大部分解释因素。水坝高度是 GDM 中最重要的扩散成本变量,主要用于物种更替。与非本地鱼类相比,环境和扩散变量能更好地解释本地鱼类亚群的总体差异(20.03% 对 8.41%)。考虑到本地物种集合子集,与成对地点之间最大河道坡度和水道距离有关的扩散成本提高了上下游相邻地点的嵌套度,而与水坝有关的扩散成本则降低了嵌套度。研究结果表明,大坝增加了田纳西河上游流域本地鱼类元群落的整体差异性,同时也降低了相邻地点的嵌套度。我们的研究结果增进了人们对在大坝影响下流域中与扩散成本相关的机制和过程如何产生异质性和嵌套性模式的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to PERCIS V, the 5th percid international symposium 第五届percid国际研讨会介绍
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12727
John F. Craig
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引用次数: 0
The introduced Arapaima gigas in the Bolivian Amazon: Trophic position and isotopic niche overlap with native species 玻利维亚亚马逊引入的Arapaima gigas:营养位置和同位素生态位与本地物种重叠
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12734
Danny Rejas, Thierry Oberdorff, Steven A. J. Declerck, Monika Winder

Non-native fish species may generate major ecological impacts on native assemblages. This study aims to assess the potential impact of the introduced Arapaima gigas on native fish assemblages in two oxbow lakes of the Bolivian Amazon. Stable isotope data were used to determine trophic position (TP) and isotopic niche overlap, to evaluate potential predation and competition interactions, respectively. Results suggest that A. gigas is more an omnivore than a top predator, as often claimed. Arapaima gigas occupied an intermediate TP between detritivore/herbivore and piscivore fish species and showed broader isotopic niche compared to most native species analysed. The isotopic niche of A. gigas significantly overlapped with most native fish species in one lake (i.e. Lake Mentiroso), while there was low niche overlap in the second (i.e. Lake Miraflores). Given its omnivorous tendencies, the predation impact of A. gigas on other fish species is likely less than currently claimed and likely varies with the food web structure of the ecosystem. More precise data on resource availability and use are necessary to infer whether niche overlap will have negative impacts on native fish species through potential competitive interactions. Increasing our understanding on the processes generating impact of these introductions on resident communities through food web ecology will pave the way for better resource management and conservation efforts.

非本地鱼类可能对本地鱼群造成重大的生态影响。本研究旨在评估引进巨骨舌鱼对玻利维亚亚马逊河两个牛轭湖本地鱼类群落的潜在影响。稳定同位素数据用于确定营养位置(TP)和同位素生态位重叠,分别评估潜在的捕食和竞争相互作用。研究结果表明,gigas更像是一种杂食动物,而不是像人们常说的那样是顶级捕食者。巨骨舌鱼的同位素生态位介于食腐/草食鱼类和食鱼鱼类之间,与大多数本地物种相比,巨骨舌鱼的同位素生态位更宽。其中一个湖(如门蒂罗索湖)的双鱼同位素生态位与大多数本地鱼类存在显著的重叠,而另一个湖(如米拉弗洛雷斯湖)的同位素生态位重叠程度较低。鉴于其杂食性倾向,巨虾对其他鱼类的捕食影响可能比目前声称的要小,并且可能随着生态系统的食物网结构而变化。为了推断生态位重叠是否会通过潜在的竞争相互作用对本地鱼类产生负面影响,需要更精确的资源可用性和利用数据。通过食物网生态学增加我们对这些引进对居民社区产生影响的过程的理解,将为更好的资源管理和保护工作铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Factors influencing the home range of freshwater fishes 影响淡水鱼栖地范围的因素
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12732
Jacob Burbank, Katelyn Gao, Michael Power

Initial investigations of home range for freshwater fish noted that it scaled allometrically, with additional studies having linked home range to variations in water body size. Here, we revisit the analysis of factors influencing freshwater fish home range sizes using an expanded dataset incorporating more recent telemetry data and a meta-analysis approach to evaluate the influence of fish length, water body size, trophic guild and latitude on the home range size of fishes in lotic and lentic systems. With the expanded data set we reaffirm that length has a significant effect on the home range size in both lentic and lotic environments, with the effect of length being more pronounced in lotic environments. Similarly, we determined water body size also significantly influences home range size and is the key determinant of home range size in both lentic and lotic environments. We also demonstrate the importance of trophic guild and latitude as determinants of home range in lentic and lotic environments. The factors influencing home range size in both environments were common (i.e. fish length, water body size, trophic guild and latitude), but varied in importance weight between the environments. The results of this study help illuminate the weight of importance of factors influencing the home range of freshwater fishes and provide useful information for conservation and environmental management planning purposes.

对淡水鱼生活范围的初步调查表明,淡水鱼的生活范围呈异速扩张,进一步的研究将生活范围与水体大小的变化联系起来。在这里,我们重新分析了影响淡水鱼活动范围大小的因素,使用了一个扩展的数据集,包括最近的遥测数据和荟萃分析方法,以评估鱼类长度、水体大小、营养协会和纬度对鱼类活动范围大小的影响。通过扩展后的数据集,我们再次证实了长度在语言和语言环境中对本源范围大小都有显著影响,并且在语言环境中长度的影响更为明显。同样,我们确定了水体大小也显著影响家园范围大小,并且是现实和现实环境中家园范围大小的关键决定因素。我们还证明了营养行会和纬度在野外和野外环境中作为家庭范围决定因素的重要性。在两种环境中,影响家庭范围大小的因素是共同的(即鱼长、水体大小、营养行当和纬度),但在不同的环境中重要性不同。本研究结果有助于阐明影响淡水鱼生活范围的因素的重要性,并为保护和环境管理规划提供有用的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Abundance, cover use, and clustering of brown trout spawning redds during stream habitat rehabilitation 溪流生境恢复过程中褐鳟产卵鱼群的丰度、覆盖物利用和聚集
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12731
Neal D. Mundahl, Avery C. Schnaser

Abundance, placement beneath cover and clustering of brown trout spawning redds were monitored throughout five spawning seasons (2016–2020) in a 4.8-km reach of a Minnesota coldwater stream to assess the potential impacts of concurrent stream habitat rehabilitation projects. We anticipated that redd abundance (redds/100 m stream segments) and placement beneath cover (e.g. logs and branches, boulders, overhanging bank vegetation, aquatic macrophytes) would increase and redd clustering (placement within 1.5 m of other redds) would decline as stream sections were rehabilitated. Repeated redd counts were conducted for the entire stream reach during each of the five spawning seasons, and redd cover and clustering were documented. Before-after comparison of impact (BACI) tests were used to compare redd abundances in control versus rehabilitated stream sections, and before-after distributional tests compared redd placement beneath cover and redd clustering within rehabilitated sections. In total, 1895 brown trout spawning redds were documented within the study reach during the five spawning seasons combined. Redd abundance increased nearly fivefold throughout the 5-year study period (from 3.5 to 15.5 redds/100 m), but no significant difference was detected in redd abundances between rehabilitated versus control stream sections. Redd placement beneath cover (63% beneath cover in total) also increased throughout the study, but at a rate nine to 45 times greater in stream sections rehabilitated during the study than in control or previously rehabilitated sections. Redd clustering remained unchanged (5-year means = 35 to 46% of all redds clustered) in rehabilitated sections, but increased significantly through time (0% to 35%) in the control section. Stream habitat rehabilitation did not increase spawning redd abundance or reduce redd clustering in rehabilitated stream sections, but redd placement beneath cover increased after rehabilitation to levels present in other stream sections.

在明尼苏达州一条4.8公里长的冷水流中,监测了五个产卵季节(2016-2020年)褐鳟产卵区的丰度、覆盖下位置和聚集情况,以评估同步溪流栖息地恢复项目的潜在影响。我们预计,随着河流断面的恢复,redd丰度(redds/100 m河段)和覆盖下(如原木和树枝、巨石、悬岸植被、水生植物)的数量将增加,redd集群(放置在其他redd 1.5 m范围内)将减少。在五个产卵季节的每一个季节,对整个河流进行了重复的redd计数,并记录了redd的覆盖和聚集。使用前后影响比较(BACI)测试来比较对照和恢复河段的redd丰度,使用前后分布测试来比较覆盖下的redd放置和恢复河段内的redd聚集。在五个产卵季节的研究范围内,总共记录了1895条褐鳟产卵。在5年的研究期间,Redd丰度增加了近5倍(从3.5 redds/100米增加到15.5 redds/100米),但在恢复和控制的河流段之间没有发现显著差异。在整个研究过程中,覆盖下的Redd位置(总覆盖下的63%)也有所增加,但在研究期间恢复的河流区段的速度是对照或先前恢复的区段的9到45倍。恢复断面的Redd聚类保持不变(5年平均值=所有Redd聚类的35 - 46%),但随着时间的推移,对照断面的Redd聚类显著增加(0% - 35%)。在恢复后的河道中,河道生境恢复并没有增加红鱼的产卵丰度,也没有减少红鱼的聚集,但覆盖下的红鱼数量增加到其他河道的水平。
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引用次数: 1
Fish functional biotic simplification in a Neotropical reservoir: An approach from the ichthyoplankton 新热带水库中鱼类功能生物简化:来自浮游鱼的研究
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12729
Tatiane Mary Gogola, Pedro Rogério Leandro da Silva, Anderson Luiz Maciel, Dirceu Baumgartner, Pitágoras Augusto Piana, Paulo Vanderlei Sanches

Ecosystem services provided by communities are related to the diversity of functional traits, and biotic functional simplification occurs when this diversity is reduced. Thus, we used the approach of functional indices, applied to the abundance of fish larvae and traits of the spawning stock, to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations in the functional diversity of the fish community of a Neotropical reservoir. The following hypotheses were tested: (i) different environmental conditions between reproductive periods lead to temporal variations in the functional diversity of the community, and (ii) the spatial heterogeneity (longitudinal and lateral) of the environmental conditions formed in the reservoir causes functional biotic simplification to occur from lotic towards lentic areas since the original community was formed by rheophilic species. Larval collections were carried out monthly, at night, between October and March, from 2009 to 2016, with plankton nets equipped with a flowmeter in nine sample areas categorised into three longitudinal zones (fluvial-FLU, transition-TRA and lacustrine-LAC) and three sides (upper-UPP, middle-MID and lower-LOW). Water samples were obtained to measure the temperature and turbidity. Precipitation and reservoir quotas were obtained from official agencies. After the identification of captured larvae, we determined which species were present and used the functional traits of the adults (parental stock), obtained from specialised literature, and functional richness (FRic) and its corresponding standardised effect size (SES.FRic) were computed. The spatiotemporal variations in these indices were evaluated through the two-way block factorial MANOVA/ANOVA. Their association with environmental variables was inferred through multiple linear regression models. Altogether, 51,995 larvae were captured with the highest abundance in the period V, longitudinally in LAC and TRA and laterally in LOW. Among these, the functional indices were higher in periods IV and V. The highest values of FRic occurred longitudinally in FLU and laterally in LOW. Among the abiotic conditions, rainfall and water temperature were the most influential variables over functional indices and total larvae abundance. The results indicate that fish reproduction is linked to spatiotemporal variations in abiotic conditions confirming our first hypothesis. The second hypothesis was partially supported because functional biotic simplification was observed in the longitudinal gradient, with reductions in FRic in LAC. However, this reduction was not observed in the lateral gradient. We showed that the temporal variability of abiotic conditions is important for the high functional diversity of reservoirs.

群落提供的生态系统服务与功能性状的多样性有关,当这种多样性减少时,就会发生生物功能的简化。为此,我们采用功能指数的方法,结合鱼苗丰度和产卵种群特征,对新热带水库鱼类群落功能多样性的时空变化进行了评价。对以下假设进行了验证:(1)不同繁殖期的环境条件导致群落功能多样性的时间变化;(2)水库中形成的环境条件的空间异质性(纵向和横向)导致原始群落由嗜流物种形成,从发生地到发生地发生了功能生物简化。2009年至2016年,在10月至3月期间每月夜间进行幼虫采集,浮游生物网配备流量计,在9个样本区域进行采集,分为三个纵向区(河流- flu,过渡- tra和湖泊- lac)和三个侧面(上-上、中-中和下-低)。取水样测量温度和浊度。降水和水库定额是从官方机构获得的。在对捕获的幼虫进行鉴定后,利用专业文献中获得的成虫(亲本种群)的功能性状,计算了功能丰富度(frc)及其相应的标准化效应量(sds . frc)。通过双向块因子方差分析(MANOVA/ANOVA)评估这些指标的时空变化。通过多元线性回归模型推断其与环境变量的关联。共捕获51,995只幼虫,丰度最高的是V期,纵向为LAC期和TRA期,横向为LOW期。其中,功能指数在IV期和v期较高。FRic的最大值出现在FLU的纵向和LOW的横向。在非生物条件中,降雨量和水温是影响功能指标和总幼虫丰度的主要变量。结果表明,鱼类繁殖与非生物条件下的时空变化有关,证实了我们的第一个假设。第二种假设得到了部分支持,因为在纵向梯度中观察到功能性生物简化,LAC中FRic减少。然而,在侧梯度中没有观察到这种减少。研究表明,非生物条件的时间变异性对水库的高功能多样性具有重要意义。
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Ecology of Freshwater Fish
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