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NISAR's Unique Challenges and Approach to Robust JPL/ISRO Joint Operations NISAR对JPL/ISRO联合作战的独特挑战和方法
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172553
D. Mohr, J. Doubleday
The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission is the first major collaboration between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and will return an unprecedented amount of science data (~5,000 terabytes during its prime mission). From a mean altitude of ~750km, the Observatory will use two distinct bands of SAR to provide detailed insight into the evolution and state of Earth's crust, including the abatement of glaciers, ecosystem changes, and natural and man-made disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and oil spills. JPL will provide NISAR's L-band SAR, GPS receivers, a payload data system, solid state recorder, and a high-rate Ka-band telecom system. ISRO will provide the satellite bus and an S-band SAR. With both JPL and ISRO providing key flight components, NISAR operations will be inherently interactive. This, combined with the substantial geographic and time differences, brings a unique set of operational challenges. How should the project weigh each Center's responsibility for operation of their specific flight and ground components against the need for both JPL and ISRO to maintain situational awareness of the Observatory and Ground System? In preparation for launch in January 2022, the NISAR Mission System has worked to find the right balance between inter-Center collaboration and each Center's individual responsibilities. With the goal of minimizing the complexity of operational interfaces, NISAR must still perform – integrated long and short-term science planning, – coordinated commanding necessary to execute joint SAR observations, – coordinated commanding necessary to carry out all of the Ka-band downlinks, and – anomaly response and recovery. This paper describes NISAR's approach to addressing each of these challenges to joint operation of the Observatory.
NASA-ISRO合成孔径雷达(NISAR)任务是NASA和印度空间研究组织(ISRO)之间的第一次主要合作,并将返回前所未有的科学数据量(在其主要任务期间约5000太字节)。天文台将在约750公里的平均高度,利用两个不同的SAR波段,提供地壳演化和状态的详细资料,包括冰川的减少、生态系统的变化,以及地震、飓风和石油泄漏等自然和人为灾害。JPL将提供NISAR的l波段SAR、GPS接收器、有效载荷数据系统、固态记录仪和高速ka波段电信系统。ISRO将提供卫星总线和s波段SAR。JPL和ISRO都提供关键的飞行部件,NISAR的操作将具有内在的互动性。再加上巨大的地理和时间差异,这给作业带来了一系列独特的挑战。该项目应该如何权衡每个中心对其特定飞行和地面组件的操作责任,以及JPL和ISRO保持天文台和地面系统态势感知的需要?为了准备2022年1月的发射,NISAR任务系统努力在中心间协作和每个中心的个人责任之间找到适当的平衡。为了最大限度地降低操作接口的复杂性,NISAR仍然必须执行综合的长期和短期科学规划,执行联合SAR观测所需的协调指挥,执行所有ka波段下行链路所需的协调指挥,以及异常响应和恢复。本文描述了NISAR解决天文台联合运作中每一个挑战的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Nonlinear dynamic modeling of satellite relative motion with differential $pmb{J}_{2}$ and drag 基于差分$pmb{J}_{2}$和阻力的卫星相对运动非线性动力学建模
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172627
R. Vijayan, M. Bilal, K. Schilling
A systematic approach to modeling the relative motion of artificial satellites in the presence of perturbations is presented. The relative motion is described using relative position and velocities as states. The modeling here is restricted to low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and therefore includes the differential J2 and drag effects. In this paper we expand on the modeling approach that makes use of the Reference Satellite Variables for the chief's orbit using simple Newtonian mechanics to systematically derive the exact nonlinear relative motion model with differential J2 and drag. These equations are exact for eccentric reference orbits as well as equatorial. This intuitive modeling approach shall establish a framework to incorporate other kinds of differential perturbations for higher fidelity models based on the significance of application. Simulation results of the developed nonlinear relative motion model show the effect of differential J2 and drag captured by the equations for a LEO leader-follower formation with large intersatellite distances. The propagation errors of the model are studied for varying initial conditions and reference orbits. A subsequent analysis gives further insight into how the model developed is particularly free from singularities in the special case of J2 and drag disturbances alone.
提出了一种系统的模拟摄动情况下人造卫星相对运动的方法。用相对位置和相对速度作为状态来描述相对运动。这里的建模仅限于低地球轨道(LEO)卫星,因此包括了不同的J2和阻力效应。在本文中,我们扩展了建模的方法,利用参考卫星的轨道变量,利用简单的牛顿力学系统地导出了精确的非线性相对运动模型的微分J2和阻力。这些方程对偏心参考轨道和赤道轨道都是精确的。这种直观的建模方法应该建立一个框架,根据应用的重要性,将其他类型的微分摄动纳入更高保真度的模型。建立的非线性相对运动模型的仿真结果表明,对于星间距离较大的LEO leader-follower编队,方程中捕获的差分J2和阻力的影响。研究了模型在不同初始条件和参考轨道下的传播误差。随后的分析进一步深入了解了在J2和阻力干扰的特殊情况下,所开发的模型如何特别不受奇点的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Autonomous Robot Teams for Lunar Mining Base Construction and Operation 月球采矿基地建设与运营自主机器人团队
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172811
J. Thangavelautham, A. Chandra, Erik Jensen
There is growing interest in expanding beyond space exploration and pursuing the dream of living and working in space. The next critical step towards living and working in space requires kick-starting a space economy. One important challenge with this space-economy is ensuring the ready supply and low-cost availability of raw materials. The escape delta-v of 11.2 km/s from Earth makes transportation of materials from Earth very costly. Transporting materials from the Moon takes 2.4 km/s and from Mars 5.0 km/s. Based on these factors, the Moon and Mars can become colonies to export material into this space economy. One critical question is what are the resources required to sustain a space economy? Water has been identified as a critical resource both to sustain human-life but also for use in propulsion, attitude-control, power, thermal storage and radiation protection systems. Water may be obtained off-world through In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) in the course of human or robotic space exploration. The Moon is also rich in iron, titanium and silicon. Based upon these important findings, we plan on developing an energy model to determine the feasibility of developing a mining base on the Moon. This mining base mines and principally exports water, titanium and steel. The moon has been selected, as there are significant reserves of water known to exists at the permanently shadowed crater regions and there are significant sources of titanium and iron throughout the Moon's surface. Our designs for a mining base utilize renewable energy sources namely photovoltaics and solar-thermal concentrators to provide power to construct the base, keep it operational and export water and other resources using a Mass Driver. However, the site where large quantities of water are present lack sunlight and hence the water needs to be transported using rail from the southern region to base located at mid latitude. Using the energy model developed, we will determine the energy per Earth-day to export 100 tons each of water, titanium and low-grade steel into Lunar escape velocity and to the Earth-Moon Lagrange points. Our study of water and metal mining on the Moon found the key to keeping the mining base efficient is to make it robotic. Teams of robots (consisting of 300 infrastructure robots) would be used to construct the entire base using locally available resources and fully operate the base. This would decrease energy needs by 15-folds. Furthermore, the base can be built 15-times faster using robotics and 3D printing. This shows that automation and robotics is the key to making such a base technologically feasible. The Moon is a lot closer to Earth than Mars and the prospect of having a greater impact on the space economy cannot be stressed. Our study intends to determine the cost-benefit analysis of lunar resource mining.
人们越来越有兴趣超越太空探索,追求在太空生活和工作的梦想。在太空生活和工作的下一个关键步骤需要启动太空经济。这种空间经济的一个重要挑战是确保原材料的供应和低成本的可用性。从地球逸出的δ -v为11.2公里/秒,这使得从地球运输材料的成本非常高。从月球运输物质需要2.4公里/秒,从火星运输物质需要5.0公里/秒。基于这些因素,月球和火星可以成为殖民地,向这个太空经济出口物质。一个关键的问题是,维持太空经济需要什么资源?水被认为是维持人类生命的关键资源,同时也用于推进、姿态控制、电力、储热和辐射防护系统。在人类或机器人的空间探索过程中,可以通过原位资源利用(ISRU)来获取地球外的水。月球还富含铁、钛和硅。基于这些重要的发现,我们计划开发一个能源模型,以确定在月球上开发采矿基地的可行性。这个采矿基地开采并主要出口水、钛和钢。月球之所以被选中,是因为已知在永久阴影的陨石坑区域存在大量的水,而且整个月球表面都有大量的钛和铁资源。我们设计的采矿基地利用可再生能源,即光伏和太阳能热聚光器,为基地的建设提供动力,保持其运行,并使用Mass Driver输出水和其他资源。然而,大量水存在的地点缺乏阳光,因此需要使用铁路将水从南部地区运输到位于中纬度的基地。利用所开发的能量模型,我们将确定每个地球日将100吨水、钛和低品位钢分别出口到月球逃逸速度和地月拉格朗日点所需的能量。我们对月球上的水和金属开采的研究发现,保持采矿基地效率的关键是使其自动化。机器人小组(由300个基础设施机器人组成)将利用当地现有资源建造整个基地,并全面运作基地。这将使能源需求减少15倍。此外,使用机器人技术和3D打印技术,基地的建造速度可以提高15倍。这表明,自动化和机器人技术是使这样一个基地在技术上可行的关键。月球比火星离地球近得多,对太空经济产生更大影响的前景不容忽视。我们的研究旨在确定月球资源开采的成本效益分析。
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引用次数: 10
A Markovian Queueing Model of Multiple Access Communications in Space 空间多址通信的马尔可夫排队模型
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172569
Jay L. Gao
This paper describes a Markovian queueing network model of multiple access communication that captures considerations for both spacecraft operations and data transmissions duty cycle. Several performance metrics were presented to measure bandwidth efficiency and latency from both the communications and operations perspectives. Leveraging the mathematical framework derived from Jackson queueing theory, we demonstrate the use of this model by applying it to notional relay networks envisioned for Mars, Lunar, and Earth environments and analyzing the performance between frequency and code division multiple access approaches. We conclude this paper with discussions on the modeling results and the pros and cons of our model.
本文描述了多址通信的马尔可夫排队网络模型,该模型同时考虑了航天器运行和数据传输占空比。提出了几个性能指标,从通信和操作的角度测量带宽效率和延迟。利用源自Jackson队列理论的数学框架,我们通过将该模型应用于设想的火星、月球和地球环境的概念中继网络,并分析频率和码分多址方法之间的性能,来演示该模型的使用。最后,我们讨论了模型的建模结果和模型的优缺点。
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引用次数: 0
Revenue Management for Communication Satellite Operators - Opportunities and Challenges 通信卫星运营商的收益管理——机遇与挑战
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172344
Markus Guerster, J. Grotz, P. Belobaba, E. Crawley, B. Cameron
In this paper we propose a Revenue Management framework for satcom operators and show with a proof-of-concept simulation that predicts a significant gain in revenues. New satellite operators, highly variable demand for data, digital payloads, and new phased array technologies are likely to remake the current satcom landscape. One of the challenges operators old and new will face is how to manage demand and capacity. Airlines faced a similar situation with deregulation in the 1970s - their response with tiered pricing and seat inventory control to allocate capacity (known as Revenue Management), which may offer lessons for the satcom market. The satcom industry shares many characteristics with the airline industry, such as inflexible capacity, low marginal sales cost, perishable inventory, heterogenous customers, and variable and uncertain demand. Generally, those characteristics favor the implementation of a Revenue Management system. However, the details of how Revenue Management can be used by satcom operators still need to be explored, which is the focus of this paper.
在本文中,我们为卫星通信运营商提出了一个收入管理框架,并展示了一个概念验证仿真,该仿真预测了收入的显着增长。新的卫星运营商、高度可变的数据需求、数字有效载荷和新的相控阵技术可能会重塑当前的卫星通信格局。新老运营商将面临的挑战之一是如何管理需求和产能。航空公司在20世纪70年代面临着类似的放松管制的情况——他们的回应是分层定价和座位库存控制来分配运力(被称为收益管理),这可能为卫星通信市场提供教训。卫星通信行业与航空业有许多共同的特点,如不灵活的容量、低边际销售成本、易腐烂的库存、异质客户以及可变和不确定的需求。一般来说,这些特点有利于收入管理系统的实施。然而,卫星通信运营商如何使用收益管理的细节仍然需要探索,这是本文的重点。
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引用次数: 7
Space Startup Accelerator Pilot 太空创业加速器试点
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172733
T. Cwik, M. Kozlov, Richard T. French, A. Shapiro, Edward Sewall
This paper describes a 3-year accelerator pilot program with the objective of enabling or enhancing future science missions at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) through infusion of commercial technologies from early stage companies. Success criteria for Year 1 that will support a decision to proceed to the second year are described. The pilot is funded by a consortium from government and industry. Techstars, a leading corporate accelerator operator, supported by Starburst Aerospace, manages the program. The program accelerates growth of ten early stage companies through seed investment, mentorship, networking, agile processes, and investor pitch development. The startups have not received prior significant investment but have core teams and some discriminating characteristics; e.g., a product with traction or a compelling technology with commercial potential. The pilot provides a pathway for maturing necessary relationships to ultimately infuse those technologies. The pilot is a pathfinder for JPL as well as future efforts sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The pilot meets the spirit of NASA's strategic objective to align partnerships with NASA missions and programs, increasing efficiency and effectiveness. The challenges JPL faces in developing partnerships with startups, in particular cultural barriers and minimal experience with the entrepreneurial sector are acknowledged. A set of specific success criteria that act as leading indicators of infusion are used to assess the efficacy of the pilot across two major categories: content and culture. A range of value propositions are discussed as well. Pre-program elements are described; these include formulation, identification of technical sub-themes, marketing and communications, recruiting, candidate review and selection, due diligence, and conflict of interest. Key roles including mentors, program management, and partner liaisons are detailed. The actual program takes place over 13 weeks in Los Angeles, with weekly objectives and key results tracked as a group to build relationships and opportunities across the class. During the first month, the companies receive product/market fit analysis, customer discovery, technical mentoring, hiring support, investor introductions, go-to-market strategy assistance, and market understanding. In the second month, the companies meet potential customers and push forward commercial opportunities. In the final month, the companies work closely with program management to develop a compelling story while pushing commercial deals and building traction as well as collaborations with consortium sponsors. At program end, each company works to secure at least one major partnership. Longer-term post-program activities lead to infusion of technologies into future missions. Other ongoing activities for class and consortium members are described. Over 300 applications to the accelerator pilot were begun with a high level of credible, ap
本文描述了一个为期3年的加速器试点项目,其目标是通过注入早期公司的商业技术,使喷气推进实验室(JPL)的未来科学任务成为可能或得到加强。描述了第一年的成功标准,该标准将支持进入第二年的决定。该试点项目由政府和工业界联合资助。Techstars是一家领先的企业加速器运营商,由Starburst Aerospace公司支持,负责管理该项目。该项目通过种子投资、指导、网络、敏捷流程和投资者游说开发,加速了10家早期公司的成长。这些创业公司之前没有获得过重大投资,但拥有核心团队和一些有区别的特征;例如,具有吸引力的产品或具有商业潜力的引人注目的技术。该试点项目为最终注入这些技术的必要关系的成熟提供了一条途径。该飞行员是喷气推进实验室以及由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)赞助的未来努力的探路者。该试点符合NASA的战略目标精神,即将合作伙伴关系与NASA的任务和计划结合起来,提高效率和有效性。JPL在与初创企业建立合作伙伴关系方面面临挑战,特别是文化障碍和与创业部门的经验不足。一组具体的成功标准作为输注的主要指标,用于评估试点在两个主要类别:内容和培养方面的有效性。还讨论了一系列的价值主张。描述了程序前元素;这些包括制定、确定技术副主题、营销和沟通、招聘、候选人审查和选择、尽职调查和利益冲突。关键角色包括导师、项目管理和合作伙伴联络人。实际的课程在洛杉矶进行,为期13周,每周的目标和关键结果作为一个小组进行跟踪,以便在整个班级中建立关系和机会。在第一个月,这些公司将获得产品/市场契合度分析、客户发现、技术指导、招聘支持、投资者介绍、进入市场战略协助和市场理解。在第二个月,公司会见潜在客户并推进商业机会。在最后一个月,这些公司与项目管理部门密切合作,在推动商业交易、建立牵引力以及与财团赞助商合作的同时,开发一个引人注目的故事。在项目结束时,每家公司都努力确保至少一个主要合作伙伴关系。长期的方案后活动导致技术注入到未来的任务中。描述了班级和社团成员正在进行的其他活动。超过300份加速器试点申请已经开始,在选择中考虑了高水平的可信、适用和高质量的应用程序。除了一个成功标准外,所有成功标准都至少达到了阈值,有些甚至超过了目标水平。到目前为止,JPL已经与项目参与者进行了多种合作和商业合作。JPL已经从Morpheus Space购买了一个电力推进系统,如果测试成功,该系统可能会被包括在JPL未来的任务中。喷气推进实验室正在与芝诺动力系统公司合作,测试他们的放射性同位素动力系统的可行性,如果成功的话,这可能是未来任务的一项使能技术。JPL已经为SciArt的拓扑优化软件购买了多个许可证,以方便整个实验室的设计工程师活动。其他合作机会继续发展。
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引用次数: 1
Optimal Non-Assignment Costs for the GNP Problem 国民生产总值问题的最优非分配成本
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172284
M. Levedahl, J. D. Glass
The global nearest pattern (GNP) approach to data association is closely related to the global nearest neighbor (GNN) problem, and both require that a cost of non-assignment of tracks be established. The existing theory for GNN can be reasonably applied to GNP problems, but adjustments are required to optimally account for bias estimation and uncertainty in GNP. These adjustments are presented along with Monte Carlo analysis showing the achieved performance is nearly optimal.
数据关联的全球最近模式(GNP)方法与全球最近邻(GNN)问题密切相关,两者都需要建立轨迹不分配的代价。GNN的现有理论可以合理地应用于国民生产总值问题,但需要进行调整,以最佳地考虑国民生产总值中的偏差估计和不确定性。这些调整与蒙特卡罗分析一起呈现,显示所实现的性能几乎是最佳的。
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引用次数: 2
Cryogenic Temperature Induced Instability of 200MHz CMOS Operational Amplifier 200MHz CMOS运算放大器的低温不稳定性
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172517
K. M. Han, J. Yang-Scharlotta, Mohammad Ashjitou, D. Costanzo, D. Giovinazzo, Mohammad Morjarradi
This work investigates the electrical performance of a high speed general purpose operation amplifier, OPA2356, operating under cryogenic temperature -180°C. Evidence of cryogenic-induced instability of OPA2356 was experimentally observed and repeated using different hardware setups — a subtle increase in OPA2356's Isupply current variations after extended -180°C cold dwell for 24 hours. The monitored Isupply current revealed increased random fluctuation of Isupply, characterized by its standard deviation σ, as compared to its initial room temperature current (σ25C-initial). This is exemplified by ~2σ 25C-initial at −180°C/24hrs and ~1.8σ 25C-initial at 25°C/post-cold. This work also suggests using the static supply current (Isupply), also commonly known as DC quiescent current, of the analog chip as a good monitor of analog chip's instability operating under cryogenic conditions. This is demonstrated using another hardware setup where the OPA2356 was implemented as a unity-gain amplifier. We also found that increasing voltage headroom by maximizing the allowable VDD in analog chips will enable proper cryogenic operation of analog chips, which can be a critical trade-off for a space electronic system to consider between long term reliability and operating window.
本文研究了高速通用运算放大器OPA2356在低温-180℃下的电学性能。实验观察了低温诱导的OPA2356不稳定性的证据,并使用不同的硬件设置重复-延长-180°C冷置24小时后,OPA2356的issupply电流变化略有增加。监测的issupply电流与室温初始电流(σ 25c -initial)相比,issupply的随机波动增大,其标准差为σ。在- 180°C/24hrs下的~2σ 25C-initial和在25°C/post-cold下的~1.8σ 25C-initial。这项工作还建议使用模拟芯片的静态供电电流(issupply),也称为直流静态电流,作为模拟芯片在低温条件下工作的不稳定性的良好监测。使用另一种硬件设置演示了这一点,其中OPA2356被实现为单位增益放大器。我们还发现,通过最大化模拟芯片中的允许VDD来增加电压余量将使模拟芯片能够适当地低温运行,这可能是空间电子系统在长期可靠性和操作窗口之间考虑的关键权衡。
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引用次数: 0
Enabling Space Exploration Medical System Development Using a Tool Ecosystem 利用工具生态系统实现空间探索医疗系统开发
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172751
Jennifer R. Amador, W. K. Thompson, J. Mindock, Michelle Urbina, K. McGuire, L. Boley, Hector L. Chavez, Tatyana Y. Rakalina, Esther Lee, Travis B. Mosher, Sarah Lumpkins, E. Kerstman, K. Lehnhardt
The NASA Human Research Program's (HRP) Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) Element is utilizing a Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach to enhance the development of systems engineering products that will be used to advance medical system designs for exploration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit. In support of future missions, the team is capturing content such as system behaviors, functional decompositions, architecture, system requirements and interfaces, and recommendations for clinical capabilities and resources in Systems Modeling Language (SysML) models. As these products mature, SysML models provide a way for ExMC to capture relationships among the various products, which includes supporting more integrated and multi-faceted views of future medical systems. In addition to using SysML models, HRP and ExMC are developing supplementary tools to support two key functions: 1) prioritizing current and future research activities for exploration missions in an objective manner; and 2) enabling risk-informed and evidence-based trade space analysis for future space vehicles, missions, and systems. This paper will discuss the long-term HRP and ExMC vision for the larger ecosystem of tools, which include dynamic Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) capabilities, additional SysML models, a database of system component options, and data visualizations. It also includes a review of an initial Pilot Project focused on enabling medical system trade studies utilizing data that is coordinated across tools for consistent outputs (e.g., mission risk metrics that are associated with medical system mass values and medical conditions addressed). This first Pilot Project demonstrated successful operating procedures and integration across tools. Finally, the paper will also cover a second Pilot Project that utilizes tool enhancements such as medical system optimization capabilities, post-processing, and visualization of generated data for subject matter expert review, and increased integration amongst the tools themselves.
NASA人类研究计划(HRP)的探索医疗能力(ExMC)单元正在利用基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法来加强系统工程产品的开发,该产品将用于推进低地球轨道以外探索任务的医疗系统设计。为了支持未来的任务,团队正在获取诸如系统行为、功能分解、体系结构、系统需求和接口,以及系统建模语言(SysML)模型中临床能力和资源的建议等内容。随着这些产品的成熟,SysML模型为ExMC提供了一种捕获各种产品之间关系的方法,其中包括支持未来医疗系统的更集成和多方面的视图。除了使用SysML模型外,HRP和ExMC正在开发补充工具,以支持两个关键功能:1)客观地确定当前和未来勘探任务研究活动的优先次序;2)为未来的太空飞行器、任务和系统提供风险信息和基于证据的贸易空间分析。本文将讨论HRP和ExMC对更大的工具生态系统的长期愿景,其中包括动态概率风险评估(PRA)功能、额外的SysML模型、系统组件选项数据库和数据可视化。它还包括审查一个初步试点项目,重点是利用各工具之间协调的数据进行医疗系统贸易研究,以实现一致的产出(例如,与医疗系统质量值和所处理的医疗条件相关的特派团风险指标)。第一个试点项目演示了成功的操作流程和跨工具的集成。最后,本文还将介绍第二个试点项目,该项目利用工具增强功能,如医疗系统优化功能、后处理和主题专家审查生成数据的可视化,以及工具本身之间的增强集成。
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引用次数: 2
Dynamic Waypoint Navigation and Control of Light Weight Powered Paraglider 轻型动力滑翔伞的动态航路点导航与控制
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172564
Prashant Kumar, S. Sonkar, A. K. Ghosh, Deepu Philip
A Powered Paraglider, also known as Paramotor, has a ram-air inflated canopy in the shape of an aerofoil from which a payload, commonly called as Gondola, housing both propulsion system and control mechanism is suspended. It can lift heavy loads, is quick to setup for rapid launch, and is compact and light-weight, thereby making it ideal for military operations like tactical surveillance and cargo deployment. Paramotors are suitable for scenarios where stable and low speed flying capabilities are necessary. This paper presents a software architecture for guidance and control of light weight small scale Paramotors. For heading and altitude tracking, the system uses feedback compensated control laws. First, linear models are derived that describe both the Paramotor's longitudinal and lateral dynamics. Then, a six degree-of-freedom model is used to describe dynamics, weight, aerodynamic forces on payload and parafoil, aerodynamic moments, effect of apparent forces and moments, moments generated on the centre of mass by the forces exerted at the payload and parafoil. Then system identification based on simplified linear lateral and longitudinal models is used. These simplified linear models are used for designing control laws using classical frequency domain techniques. MATLAB/Simulink was used to simulate the performance of the proposed Paramotor controllers. It was found that the described approach is robust enough for designing control strategies to maintain stability in event of disturbances.
动力滑翔伞,也被称为Paramotor,有一个机翼形状的冲压空气充气伞盖,一个有效载荷,通常被称为贡多拉,悬挂着推进系统和控制机构。它可以举起重物,快速设置快速发射,结构紧凑,重量轻,因此使其成为战术监视和货物部署等军事行动的理想选择。参数旋翼机适用于需要稳定和低速飞行能力的场景。本文提出了一种用于轻量化小尺度参数制导与控制的软件体系结构。对于航向和高度跟踪,系统采用反馈补偿控制律。首先,推导了线性模型,描述了Paramotor的纵向和横向动力学。然后,用六自由度模型描述了动力学、重量、载荷和伞翼的气动力、气动力矩、表观力和力矩的影响、载荷和伞翼受力对质心产生的力矩。然后采用基于简化线性横向和纵向模型的系统辨识方法。这些简化的线性模型用于用经典频域技术设计控制律。利用MATLAB/Simulink对所设计的参数控制器进行了性能仿真。结果表明,所描述的方法具有足够的鲁棒性,可用于设计控制策略以在发生干扰时保持稳定性。
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引用次数: 3
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2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference
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