Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.72.07
Iga Kleszczyńska
The aim of this article is to present the U�S� trade and investment strategy during the George W� Bush presidency based on the National Security Strategy of 2002 and 2006� Moreover, the article confirms the hypothesis that indicates that the U�S� trading and investment strategy was strictly subordinated to geopolitical foreign policy goals� The work consists of an introduction and theoretical perspective, institutional and legal analysis of the American political and economic system, analysis of economic priorities of foreign policy strategy and trade and investment strategies towards selected regions of Latin America and the Southeast Asia and the Pacific� These issues are being presented through the prism of the theory of neoclassical realism – pointing to the role and importance of the President’s office in U�S� foreign policy, institutional liberalism, taking into account the role and importance of structur— ABSTRAKT —
{"title":"The United States’ Trade and Investment Strategy in George W. Bush’s Foreign Economic Policy","authors":"Iga Kleszczyńska","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.72.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.72.07","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to present the U�S� trade and investment strategy during the George W� Bush presidency based on the National Security Strategy of 2002 and 2006� Moreover, the article confirms the hypothesis that indicates that the U�S� trading and investment strategy was strictly subordinated to geopolitical foreign policy goals� The work consists of an introduction and theoretical perspective, institutional and legal analysis of the American political and economic system, analysis of economic priorities of foreign policy strategy and trade and investment strategies towards selected regions of Latin America and the Southeast Asia and the Pacific� These issues are being presented through the prism of the theory of neoclassical realism – pointing to the role and importance of the President’s office in U�S� foreign policy, institutional liberalism, taking into account the role and importance of structur— ABSTRAKT —","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126096437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.72.06
Liana Hurska-Kowalczyk
The objective of this article is to establish the main goal the leaders of the parliamentary opposition wanted to achieve in the negotiations with the government during the Euromaidan� In this study, the following methods were applied: the historical method, data analysis, and case study� In the conclusion, it is noted that the main task of the parliamentary opposition in the negotiations with the government was to restore the Constitution of 2004, which limited the presidential competences in executive power and extended the parliamentary competences in this respect�
{"title":"The Policy of the Parliamentary Opposition in Negotiations with the Government during the Euromaidan in Ukraine","authors":"Liana Hurska-Kowalczyk","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.72.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.72.06","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this article is to establish the main goal the leaders of the parliamentary opposition wanted to achieve in the negotiations with the government during the Euromaidan� In this study, the following methods were applied: the historical method, data analysis, and case study� In the conclusion, it is noted that the main task of the parliamentary opposition in the negotiations with the government was to restore the Constitution of 2004, which limited the presidential competences in executive power and extended the parliamentary competences in this respect�","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128802412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.72.11
Maciej Onasz
This paper provides an assessment of the possibility of maintaining the democratic quality of the electoral process held under extraordinary conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic� This is part of the considerations on the quality of democracy and its resistance to crisis conditions� The study was conducted using Andreas Schedler’s Chain of Democratic Choice� It covers both a general perspective and a case study of the election of the President of Poland, lasting from March to May 2020 and finally and effectively interrupted only on May 6 – 4 days before the vote� The adopted perspective makes it possible to identify and assess the potential and actual threats to maintaining the democratic nature of the election process at all its stages� Possible technical solutions that may counteract the reduction of the democratic level of the election process at individual stages have also been indicated� — ABSTRAKT —
{"title":"Quality of Democratic Election Process during the COVID-19 Pandemic : The Schedler’s Chain of Democratic Choice Perspective","authors":"Maciej Onasz","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.72.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.72.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an assessment of the possibility of maintaining the democratic quality of the electoral process held under extraordinary conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic� This is part of the considerations on the quality of democracy and its resistance to crisis conditions� The study was conducted using Andreas Schedler’s Chain of Democratic Choice� It covers both a general perspective and a case study of the election of the President of Poland, lasting from March to May 2020 and finally and effectively interrupted only on May 6 – 4 days before the vote� The adopted perspective makes it possible to identify and assess the potential and actual threats to maintaining the democratic nature of the election process at all its stages� Possible technical solutions that may counteract the reduction of the democratic level of the election process at individual stages have also been indicated� — ABSTRAKT —","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"492 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116694341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.71.04
M. Mikołajczyk
— The aim of the paper is to present strategies for minimising negative effects of the crisis caused by COVID-19 by state authorities of non-European countries in the first months after the announce-ment of the pandemic� The focus is on employment and labour market policy instruments� The research is comparative in its nature and was conducted using the desk research and discourse analysis methods� The source/unit in the analysis were the rapid assessments of the employment impacts of COVID-19 submitted to the International Labour Organisation� The study did not cover European Union Member States� Among the instruments and countermeasures typical of employment and labour market policies, few innovative solutions were identified, tailored to local specifics and taking into account the effects of the pandemic – the ecological crisis and the emergence of technological unemployment� The results achieved implicate a number of further questions relevant for public policy research� Research shows that COVID-19 contributes to
{"title":"State Policy towards Labour Market Changes Caused by COVID-19","authors":"M. Mikołajczyk","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.71.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.71.04","url":null,"abstract":"— The aim of the paper is to present strategies for minimising negative effects of the crisis caused by COVID-19 by state authorities of non-European countries in the first months after the announce-ment of the pandemic� The focus is on employment and labour market policy instruments� The research is comparative in its nature and was conducted using the desk research and discourse analysis methods� The source/unit in the analysis were the rapid assessments of the employment impacts of COVID-19 submitted to the International Labour Organisation� The study did not cover European Union Member States� Among the instruments and countermeasures typical of employment and labour market policies, few innovative solutions were identified, tailored to local specifics and taking into account the effects of the pandemic – the ecological crisis and the emergence of technological unemployment� The results achieved implicate a number of further questions relevant for public policy research� Research shows that COVID-19 contributes to","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"47 18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123900395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.71.06
Katarzyna Juszczyk-Frelkiewicz
The paper focuses on the assessment of how effective the Korean government’s actions taken to increase the fertility rate are� South Korea is a country with a very low fertility rate which is below the replacement level� This demographic situation causes the ageing of the Korean population� The paper shows the contemporary family policy, the analysis of sociodemographic indicators and the analysis based on the data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families in the two periods of time: in 2007 and 2018, in order to show changes in the fertility intentions among the Korean women – in the sociological perspective� The statistical analysis indicates that the majority of the respondents had no intentions of having children� The results indicate that the Korean government’s actions are not sufficient to create an environment supporting the family in fertility intentions and — ABSTRAKT —
{"title":"Contemporary Family Policy in South Korea: Towards the Increase of Fertility","authors":"Katarzyna Juszczyk-Frelkiewicz","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.71.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.71.06","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the assessment of how effective the Korean government’s actions taken to increase the fertility rate are� South Korea is a country with a very low fertility rate which is below the replacement level� This demographic situation causes the ageing of the Korean population� The paper shows the contemporary family policy, the analysis of sociodemographic indicators and the analysis based on the data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families in the two periods of time: in 2007 and 2018, in order to show changes in the fertility intentions among the Korean women – in the sociological perspective� The statistical analysis indicates that the majority of the respondents had no intentions of having children� The results indicate that the Korean government’s actions are not sufficient to create an environment supporting the family in fertility intentions and — ABSTRAKT —","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121248232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.71.09
A. Czyż
Artykuł jest poświęcony miejscu obszaru poradzieckiego w rosyjskiej polityce zagranicznej od rozpadu Związku Radzieckiego w 1991 do 2021 roku� Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie znaczenia obszaru poradzieckiego w rosyjskiej polityce zagranicznej oraz celów i instrumentów tej polityki wobec obszaru poradzieckiego po rozpadzie ZSRR� W ciągu 30 lat po rozpadzie Związku Radzieckiego na obszarze poradzieckim miały miejsce procesy reintegracji i dezintegracji� Dochodziło do wielu konfliktów zbrojnych, stał się on także polem rywalizacji w stosunkach międzynarodowych� Federacja Rosyjska wykorzystuje wszelkie możliwe instrumenty oddziaływania, aby utrzymać kontrolę nad obszarem poradzieckim i nadal traktuje go jako wyłączną strefę wpływów Rosji i priorytetowy kierunek rosyjskiej polityki zagranicznej�
{"title":"Post-Soviet Area in the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation","authors":"A. Czyż","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.71.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.71.09","url":null,"abstract":"Artykuł jest poświęcony miejscu obszaru poradzieckiego w rosyjskiej polityce zagranicznej od rozpadu Związku Radzieckiego w 1991 do 2021 roku� Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie znaczenia obszaru poradzieckiego w rosyjskiej polityce zagranicznej oraz celów i instrumentów tej polityki wobec obszaru poradzieckiego po rozpadzie ZSRR� W ciągu 30 lat po rozpadzie Związku Radzieckiego na obszarze poradzieckim miały miejsce procesy reintegracji i dezintegracji� Dochodziło do wielu konfliktów zbrojnych, stał się on także polem rywalizacji w stosunkach międzynarodowych� Federacja Rosyjska wykorzystuje wszelkie możliwe instrumenty oddziaływania, aby utrzymać kontrolę nad obszarem poradzieckim i nadal traktuje go jako wyłączną strefę wpływów Rosji i priorytetowy kierunek rosyjskiej polityki zagranicznej�","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127819958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.71.12
K. Żakowski
Due to strong connections with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), the agricultural lobby constituted a considerable obstacle in liberalization of trade by Japan� Nevertheless, in the last years, its influence on governmental policy has been waning� Referring to the theory of two-level games, the article analyzes the discourse on accession to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement to examine the weakening dependence of Japanese politicians on support from the Central Union of Agricultural Cooperatives� It is argued that the Japanese government managed to sign both the TPP Agreement in 2016 and its successor, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership in 2018, thanks to the institutional strength and negotiation strategy of the Abe administration� — ABSTRAKT —
{"title":"Balancing the Win-Sets: Agricultural Lobby and Japan’s Accession to the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement","authors":"K. Żakowski","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.71.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.71.12","url":null,"abstract":"Due to strong connections with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), the agricultural lobby constituted a considerable obstacle in liberalization of trade by Japan� Nevertheless, in the last years, its influence on governmental policy has been waning� Referring to the theory of two-level games, the article analyzes the discourse on accession to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement to examine the weakening dependence of Japanese politicians on support from the Central Union of Agricultural Cooperatives� It is argued that the Japanese government managed to sign both the TPP Agreement in 2016 and its successor, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership in 2018, thanks to the institutional strength and negotiation strategy of the Abe administration� — ABSTRAKT —","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132701445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.71.08
P. Bielicki
Przedmiotem mojego zainteresowania jest przedstawienie najważniejszych uwarunkowań i implikacji charakteryzujących relacje chińsko-południowokoreańskie za rządów Xi Jinpinga na płaszczyźnie politycznej i ekonomicznej� Celem moich rozważań będzie opisanie aktualnego stanu rzeczy we wzajemnych stosunkach oraz próba przeanalizowania, jak relacje obu podmiotów będą wpływać na konfigurację międzynarodową systemu bezpieczeństwa na terenie Azji Wschodniej� Na wstępie niniejszego studium prześledzę historię wzajemnych relacji za czasów zimnej wojny i proces normalizacji stosunków� Następnie przeanalizuję kontakty na linii Chiny–Republika Korei od 2013 r� i objęcia przez Xi Jinpinga oraz Parka Geun-hye sterów władzy w swoich krajach, skupiając się na najistotniejszym wówczas dla obustronnych związków problemie programu nuklearnego Korei Północnej� Niezwykle ważnym zagadnieniem w niniejszym tekście jest poruszenie — ABSTRAKT —
{"title":"Determinants and Implications of Political and Economic Relations between China and South Korea during the Reign of Xi Jinping","authors":"P. Bielicki","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.71.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.71.08","url":null,"abstract":"Przedmiotem mojego zainteresowania jest przedstawienie najważniejszych uwarunkowań i implikacji charakteryzujących relacje chińsko-południowokoreańskie za rządów Xi Jinpinga na płaszczyźnie politycznej i ekonomicznej� Celem moich rozważań będzie opisanie aktualnego stanu rzeczy we wzajemnych stosunkach oraz próba przeanalizowania, jak relacje obu podmiotów będą wpływać na konfigurację międzynarodową systemu bezpieczeństwa na terenie Azji Wschodniej� Na wstępie niniejszego studium prześledzę historię wzajemnych relacji za czasów zimnej wojny i proces normalizacji stosunków� Następnie przeanalizuję kontakty na linii Chiny–Republika Korei od 2013 r� i objęcia przez Xi Jinpinga oraz Parka Geun-hye sterów władzy w swoich krajach, skupiając się na najistotniejszym wówczas dla obustronnych związków problemie programu nuklearnego Korei Północnej� Niezwykle ważnym zagadnieniem w niniejszym tekście jest poruszenie — ABSTRAKT —","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123638018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.71.03
Małgorzata Winiarczyk-Kossakowska
The article analyses contemporary social and political movements operating in Poland under the rule of the conservative and semiauthoritarian Law and Justice� It traces and reconstructs interactions between organized and trans-nationalized LGBTQIAP movement present in Poland since 1989 and the new women’s movement constituted on the wave of contention against the conservative turn and attempts to further restrict abortion law in Poland that was backed by the government� The strategies employed by both movements differ but for each one of them the interaction has proven a considerable success� In a not-so-obvious manner, the solidarity with LGBTQIAP movement, built gradually by the women’s movement, has helped to strengthen its base and its presence in the public debate� The article rests on textual analysis of social media sources to trace the timing of the most significant gestures of inter-movement solidarity� — ABSTRAKT —
{"title":"Rainbows and Thunderbolts : A Non-obvious Alliance between the LGBTQIAP Movement and Women’s Movement in Poland in 2016–2020","authors":"Małgorzata Winiarczyk-Kossakowska","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.71.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.71.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses contemporary social and political movements operating in Poland under the rule of the conservative and semiauthoritarian Law and Justice� It traces and reconstructs interactions between organized and trans-nationalized LGBTQIAP movement present in Poland since 1989 and the new women’s movement constituted on the wave of contention against the conservative turn and attempts to further restrict abortion law in Poland that was backed by the government� The strategies employed by both movements differ but for each one of them the interaction has proven a considerable success� In a not-so-obvious manner, the solidarity with LGBTQIAP movement, built gradually by the women’s movement, has helped to strengthen its base and its presence in the public debate� The article rests on textual analysis of social media sources to trace the timing of the most significant gestures of inter-movement solidarity� — ABSTRAKT —","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128791612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15804/athena.2021.71.07
Karolina Karpus
{"title":"Extended Producer Responsibility as a Pillar of Circular Economy: Current Challenges for Polish Waste Management Policy and Law","authors":"Karolina Karpus","doi":"10.15804/athena.2021.71.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.71.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114578,"journal":{"name":"Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne","volume":"371 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114869591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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