Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.062
Prasanthi Narra, Annadurai D
Seaweeds as a potential source of diet have been used in Japan, Korea and China since prehistoric times. In fact the usage of kelps dates back to 5th century in China. Seaweeds are having unique bioactive compounds and its composition, and nutritional benefits, its structures have been widely studied and are currently being therapeutically used for many medical conditions. Their sustainability in harsh environmental conditions is another unique characteristic that is of researcher’s interest. In the current review, we have gathered important information on various bioactive compounds such as Complex Polysaccharides, Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Dietary Fibres, Polyphenolic compounds from seaweed, Phloroglucinol derivatives, Porphyrin derivatives, Proteins and Mineral constitutions, and other Seaweed Phytochemicals. Although are part of daily food in coastal regions of west, not much research is focused in Indian coastal areas to extract these bioactive components or to utilize these algal blooms. We need to utilize our regional algal blooms and proper techniques must be developed and streamlined for using our natural bioresource
{"title":"Seaweeds- A Source of Potential Bioactive Compounds","authors":"Prasanthi Narra, Annadurai D","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.062","url":null,"abstract":"Seaweeds as a potential source of diet have been used in Japan, Korea and China since prehistoric times. In fact the usage of kelps dates back to 5th century in China. Seaweeds are having unique bioactive compounds and its composition, and nutritional benefits, its structures have been widely studied and are currently being therapeutically used for many medical conditions. Their sustainability in harsh environmental conditions is another unique characteristic that is of researcher’s interest. In the current review, we have gathered important information on various bioactive compounds such as Complex Polysaccharides, Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Dietary Fibres, Polyphenolic compounds from seaweed, Phloroglucinol derivatives, Porphyrin derivatives, Proteins and Mineral constitutions, and other Seaweed Phytochemicals. Although are part of daily food in coastal regions of west, not much research is focused in Indian coastal areas to extract these bioactive components or to utilize these algal blooms. We need to utilize our regional algal blooms and proper techniques must be developed and streamlined for using our natural bioresource","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84465656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.040
Preeti Kumar, Nilanjaya, P. Shah
The present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic diversity by using principal component analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in thirty-two genotypes of rice under direct seeded condition (DSR). The experiment was conducted at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that first four component axes had eigen values 1.0, representing a cumulative variability of 76.86 %. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicate that four components (PC1 to PC4) accounted for about 76.86% of the total variation present among all the traits. Out of total principal components PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 with values 33.781%, 19.02%, 13.859% and 10.206% respectively, contributed more to the total variation. The first principal component had high positive loading for 15 traits out of 17. Similarly, second and third principal component had 7 traits each, fourth component with 6 traits had high positive loadings which contributed more to the diversity. Genotypes in cluster V showed higher mean performance for most of the yield attributing traits. Therefore, selection of parents for different traits would be effective from this cluster. Thus, result of the present study could be exploited in planning and execution of future breeding programme in rice under direct seeded condition.
{"title":"Study of genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under direct seeded condition by using principal component analysis","authors":"Preeti Kumar, Nilanjaya, P. Shah","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.040","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic diversity by using principal component analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in thirty-two genotypes of rice under direct seeded condition (DSR). The experiment was conducted at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that first four component axes had eigen values 1.0, representing a cumulative variability of 76.86 %. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicate that four components (PC1 to PC4) accounted for about 76.86% of the total variation present among all the traits. Out of total principal components PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 with values 33.781%, 19.02%, 13.859% and 10.206% respectively, contributed more to the total variation. The first principal component had high positive loading for 15 traits out of 17. Similarly, second and third principal component had 7 traits each, fourth component with 6 traits had high positive loadings which contributed more to the diversity. Genotypes in cluster V showed higher mean performance for most of the yield attributing traits. Therefore, selection of parents for different traits would be effective from this cluster. Thus, result of the present study could be exploited in planning and execution of future breeding programme in rice under direct seeded condition.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84512757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.072
Umesh Chandra Sati, M. Raghav, Lavlesh Yadav, N. Singh, Kailash Sati
To evaluate the influence of organic and inorganic nitrogen amendments on okra, field experimental trials were conducted during summer seasons of year 2016 and 2017 at Vegetable Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand with fourteen treatment combinations of nitrogen through organic (FYM and Vermicompost) and inorganic sources (Urea and Neem coated urea) along with one control treatment. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications and the observations on various growth, yield, quality and economic parameters were recorded. Among all other treatments, treatment T4 (RDN- 100% through neem coated urea) proved to be economically best as per benefit: cost ratio, while treatments T10 (RDN- 100% through NCU + 2.5 t/ha Vermicompost) and T6 (RDN- 75% through neem coated urea + 25% through Vermicompost) were found best with regards to increase in productivity of okra with optimum net returns, hence recommended for the present agro-climatic conditions..
{"title":"Influence of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Amendments on Okra Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics","authors":"Umesh Chandra Sati, M. Raghav, Lavlesh Yadav, N. Singh, Kailash Sati","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.072","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the influence of organic and inorganic nitrogen amendments on okra, field experimental trials were conducted during summer seasons of year 2016 and 2017 at Vegetable Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand with fourteen treatment combinations of nitrogen through organic (FYM and Vermicompost) and inorganic sources (Urea and Neem coated urea) along with one control treatment. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications and the observations on various growth, yield, quality and economic parameters were recorded. Among all other treatments, treatment T4 (RDN- 100% through neem coated urea) proved to be economically best as per benefit: cost ratio, while treatments T10 (RDN- 100% through NCU + 2.5 t/ha Vermicompost) and T6 (RDN- 75% through neem coated urea + 25% through Vermicompost) were found best with regards to increase in productivity of okra with optimum net returns, hence recommended for the present agro-climatic conditions..","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84542001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.040
K. S. Reddy, Rani Chapara, M. Rani, B. Lakshmi, J. Pranaya
An experiment was executed during Kharif 2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur in randomized block design (RBD) in two replications for estimation of combining ability of the parents and gene effects and also the extent of heterosis using line × tester fashion design. Statistical data were collected on the biometrical observations viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of monopodia/ plant, number of sympodia/plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed index (g), lint index (g), Ginning Out Turn (GOT %), seed cotton yield (kg/ha) and lint yield (kg/ha). The lines GISV298 and SCS1207; the testers, Lam GPC 501 and Lam GPC 355 exhibited positive General Combining Ability (GCA) effects for the traits Ginning Out Turn (GOT%), Seed Cotton Yield (SCY) and Lint Yield (LY) signifying that these were good general combiners. The cross combinations viz., TCH1837/GP117, GISV298/GP274, and SCS1207 / GP117 expressed significant specific combining ability (SCA) effects for Seed Cotton Yield (SCY) and Lint Yield (LY). The cross combination, SCS1207/ Lam GPC 355 was identified as the best hybrid combination with high GCA and SCA for important traits like GOT, seed cotton yield, and lint yield coupled with significant positive heterosis which can be further tested in multi-location testing at the station and all India level.
{"title":"Estimation of Combining Ability and Heterosis on Seed Cotton Yield and its Attributing traits in American Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. Genotypes","authors":"K. S. Reddy, Rani Chapara, M. Rani, B. Lakshmi, J. Pranaya","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.040","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was executed during Kharif 2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur in randomized block design (RBD) in two replications for estimation of combining ability of the parents and gene effects and also the extent of heterosis using line × tester fashion design. Statistical data were collected on the biometrical observations viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of monopodia/ plant, number of sympodia/plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed index (g), lint index (g), Ginning Out Turn (GOT %), seed cotton yield (kg/ha) and lint yield (kg/ha). The lines GISV298 and SCS1207; the testers, Lam GPC 501 and Lam GPC 355 exhibited positive General Combining Ability (GCA) effects for the traits Ginning Out Turn (GOT%), Seed Cotton Yield (SCY) and Lint Yield (LY) signifying that these were good general combiners. The cross combinations viz., TCH1837/GP117, GISV298/GP274, and SCS1207 / GP117 expressed significant specific combining ability (SCA) effects for Seed Cotton Yield (SCY) and Lint Yield (LY). The cross combination, SCS1207/ Lam GPC 355 was identified as the best hybrid combination with high GCA and SCA for important traits like GOT, seed cotton yield, and lint yield coupled with significant positive heterosis which can be further tested in multi-location testing at the station and all India level.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84872272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.019
S. Panigrahi, D. P. Panigrahi
Red mud ponds are waste dumping sites of bauxite mines where highly alkaline and polluted red mud or bauxite residues are deposited. They harbour many microbial strains of environmental importance. In the present study, a yellow coloured bacterial colony was isolated which showed tolerance to high pH, and metals like lead, chromium and arsenic. Genomic DNA extraction followed by partial 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing study revealed the isolate to be Glutamicibacter sp. The bacterial strain showed luxuriant growth in pH ranging from pH5 to pH 11, and salt concentration up to 8% NaCl. The pigment was isolated by methanol extraction and identified to be beta-carotene through FTIR spectroscopy. The pigment showed absorption peaks at 436 nm and 466 nm. The pigment could not show antibacterial activity significantly. The pigments showed a good free radical scavenging activity which increased significantly under stress conditions. No such studies were done from the red mud ponds of Utkal Alumina earlier. Tolerance of the bacterial strain to various heavy metals indicates presence of heavy metals in the red mud. Identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the heavy metal resistance and use of the pigments as cosmetics can be carried out in future.
{"title":"Characterization of a yellow pigmented, alkali and heavy metal tolerant Glutamicibacter sp. isolated from red mud","authors":"S. Panigrahi, D. P. Panigrahi","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.019","url":null,"abstract":"Red mud ponds are waste dumping sites of bauxite mines where highly alkaline and polluted red mud or bauxite residues are deposited. They harbour many microbial strains of environmental importance. In the present study, a yellow coloured bacterial colony was isolated which showed tolerance to high pH, and metals like lead, chromium and arsenic. Genomic DNA extraction followed by partial 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing study revealed the isolate to be Glutamicibacter sp. The bacterial strain showed luxuriant growth in pH ranging from pH5 to pH 11, and salt concentration up to 8% NaCl. The pigment was isolated by methanol extraction and identified to be beta-carotene through FTIR spectroscopy. The pigment showed absorption peaks at 436 nm and 466 nm. The pigment could not show antibacterial activity significantly. The pigments showed a good free radical scavenging activity which increased significantly under stress conditions. No such studies were done from the red mud ponds of Utkal Alumina earlier. Tolerance of the bacterial strain to various heavy metals indicates presence of heavy metals in the red mud. Identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the heavy metal resistance and use of the pigments as cosmetics can be carried out in future.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76913313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.020
M. Meena, R. S. Rathore, S. S. Sisodia, F. L. Sharma, B. Upadhyay, Jitendra Kumar Meena
Agriculture sector is the heart of India’s social development. India is agriculture dependent country because 2/3rd of its population depends upon agriculture for their survival and it contributes approximately 14% to India’s GDP. Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.), is a plantation crop native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia and is found in arid and semi-arid zones. From its leaves a red orange dye agent is extracted which has an affinity for bonding with proteins, and thus is used to dye human body parts (skin, hair, fingernails), as well as leather, silk and wool. The present study was conducted purposively selected Pali district in arid zone of Rajasthan State of India. One hundred and twenty beneficiaries were selected purposively who have obtained training on improved henna production technologies and 120 non-beneficiaries were selected randomly in same number from same villages of study area. Thus, a total of 240 farmers was selected from 20 villages for the present investigation. it was found that more than half (57.91%) of respondents belong to medium level of adoption category followed by 27.08 percent of respondents belong to high level of adoption category. Only 15 percent of respondents belongs to low level of adoption category of improved henna production technologies.
{"title":"Adoption Level of Farmers about Henna Production Technology in Pali District of Rajasthan, India","authors":"M. Meena, R. S. Rathore, S. S. Sisodia, F. L. Sharma, B. Upadhyay, Jitendra Kumar Meena","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.020","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture sector is the heart of India’s social development. India is agriculture dependent country because 2/3rd of its population depends upon agriculture for their survival and it contributes approximately 14% to India’s GDP. Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.), is a plantation crop native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia and is found in arid and semi-arid zones. From its leaves a red orange dye agent is extracted which has an affinity for bonding with proteins, and thus is used to dye human body parts (skin, hair, fingernails), as well as leather, silk and wool. The present study was conducted purposively selected Pali district in arid zone of Rajasthan State of India. One hundred and twenty beneficiaries were selected purposively who have obtained training on improved henna production technologies and 120 non-beneficiaries were selected randomly in same number from same villages of study area. Thus, a total of 240 farmers was selected from 20 villages for the present investigation. it was found that more than half (57.91%) of respondents belong to medium level of adoption category followed by 27.08 percent of respondents belong to high level of adoption category. Only 15 percent of respondents belongs to low level of adoption category of improved henna production technologies.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81249048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.073
Er. Ch. Sravan Kumar, K. Prakash, S. Reddy, Sushilendra, P. Vijaykumar, D. Krishnamurty, M. Nemichandrappa
An experimental lab model machine was fabricated to optimize the parameters which affect the performance of the cotton stalk harvesting machine. A total of 26 runs (experiments) were conducted with lab model machine as set from Response surface methodology and mean chopped length, bulk density, fineness modulus (uniformity) and machine output were calculated for each run of the collected chopped cotton stalks. Based on optimization results, peripheral speed of 57.95 ms-1 and L type blade has been selected for fabrication of cotton stalk harvesting machine.
{"title":"Development of lab model machine for optimization of operational parameters","authors":"Er. Ch. Sravan Kumar, K. Prakash, S. Reddy, Sushilendra, P. Vijaykumar, D. Krishnamurty, M. Nemichandrappa","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.073","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental lab model machine was fabricated to optimize the parameters which affect the performance of the cotton stalk harvesting machine. A total of 26 runs (experiments) were conducted with lab model machine as set from Response surface methodology and mean chopped length, bulk density, fineness modulus (uniformity) and machine output were calculated for each run of the collected chopped cotton stalks. Based on optimization results, peripheral speed of 57.95 ms-1 and L type blade has been selected for fabrication of cotton stalk harvesting machine.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82987845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.070
Pratap A. Divekar, Kamana Singh, S. Yadav, Manimurugan C, Sampat Kumar Patel, Suhas G. Karkute, S. Majumder, Vikas Singh
Cauliflower is a cross-pollinated crop and honey bees play an important role in its pollination. In the current study, we studied we studied diversity and foraging behavior of floral visitors to floral visitors along with their visitation rate, frequency during 2019 and 2020. The data were collected at 0800–1000 hours (early morning foraging activity), 1000-1200 hours (late morning foraging activity), 1200-1400 hours (Noon foraging activity) and 1400-1600 hours (afternoon foraging activity). The results revealed that seven species of bees, five flies and three wasp species on the flowers of cauliflower. Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata and Apis florea were the dominant pollinator species with 162-214, 126-164, and 82-136 individuals, respectively in both years. The maximum foraging activity of the dominant pollinators was observed at 14:00 hrs followed by 12:00 hrs whereas the minimum foraging activity was recorded in the early morning hours 08:00. Floral visitors differed significantly in term of visitation frequency with A. mellifera as the most frequent visitor (14.00–15.37 visits/flower/5 min) followed by A. dorsata (7.50–8.90 visits/flower/5 min) and A. florea (9.80–10.63 visits/ flower/5 min) in both years. Similarly, A. mellifera had statistically highest visitation rate (26.93–27.40 flowers visited/min) followed by A. dorsata (12.62–15.13 flowers visited/min) and A. florea (15.93-16.00 flowers visited/min). The results suggested A. mellifera, A. dorsata and A. florea could be effective pollinators of cauliflower. Therefore, these three species can be effectively used on a commercial scale to increase crop yield.
{"title":"Diversity and foraging behaviour of insect pollinators in Cauliflower","authors":"Pratap A. Divekar, Kamana Singh, S. Yadav, Manimurugan C, Sampat Kumar Patel, Suhas G. Karkute, S. Majumder, Vikas Singh","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.070","url":null,"abstract":"Cauliflower is a cross-pollinated crop and honey bees play an important role in its pollination. In the current study, we studied we studied diversity and foraging behavior of floral visitors to floral visitors along with their visitation rate, frequency during 2019 and 2020. The data were collected at 0800–1000 hours (early morning foraging activity), 1000-1200 hours (late morning foraging activity), 1200-1400 hours (Noon foraging activity) and 1400-1600 hours (afternoon foraging activity). The results revealed that seven species of bees, five flies and three wasp species on the flowers of cauliflower. Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata and Apis florea were the dominant pollinator species with 162-214, 126-164, and 82-136 individuals, respectively in both years. The maximum foraging activity of the dominant pollinators was observed at 14:00 hrs followed by 12:00 hrs whereas the minimum foraging activity was recorded in the early morning hours 08:00. Floral visitors differed significantly in term of visitation frequency with A. mellifera as the most frequent visitor (14.00–15.37 visits/flower/5 min) followed by A. dorsata (7.50–8.90 visits/flower/5 min) and A. florea (9.80–10.63 visits/ flower/5 min) in both years. Similarly, A. mellifera had statistically highest visitation rate (26.93–27.40 flowers visited/min) followed by A. dorsata (12.62–15.13 flowers visited/min) and A. florea (15.93-16.00 flowers visited/min). The results suggested A. mellifera, A. dorsata and A. florea could be effective pollinators of cauliflower. Therefore, these three species can be effectively used on a commercial scale to increase crop yield.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85819538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.008
Karthick R, Velmurugan D
Natural disasters easily drain surface water. Currently, groundwater is the most important source of freshwater in all of the world. In 2020, the proportion of extractable groundwater usage in the world (69 percent), India (62 percent) and Tamil Nadu (76 percent) for agriculture purposes only; the remaining share was obtained by the domestic and industrial sectors. The present study was conducted with the objective of examining the interaction of irrigation on cropping intensity and crop diversification in the north western agro-climatic zone. Statistical data pertaining to the sources of irrigation, cropping area and irrigation area were obtained from the Season and Crop Report of Tamil Nadu for the period of 2005-06 to 2019-20. The findings show that groundwater is the primary irrigation resource, and that with the adoption of modern agricultural practices, irrigation intensities are decreasing, despite increasing crop intensity and diversification in the north western agro-climatic zone.
{"title":"A Status on Cropping Intensity, Irrigation Intensity and Crop Diversification Indices in Dharmapuri, Namakkal and Salem Districts of the North Western Agro-climatic Zone in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Karthick R, Velmurugan D","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.008","url":null,"abstract":"Natural disasters easily drain surface water. Currently, groundwater is the most important source of freshwater in all of the world. In 2020, the proportion of extractable groundwater usage in the world (69 percent), India (62 percent) and Tamil Nadu (76 percent) for agriculture purposes only; the remaining share was obtained by the domestic and industrial sectors. The present study was conducted with the objective of examining the interaction of irrigation on cropping intensity and crop diversification in the north western agro-climatic zone. Statistical data pertaining to the sources of irrigation, cropping area and irrigation area were obtained from the Season and Crop Report of Tamil Nadu for the period of 2005-06 to 2019-20. The findings show that groundwater is the primary irrigation resource, and that with the adoption of modern agricultural practices, irrigation intensities are decreasing, despite increasing crop intensity and diversification in the north western agro-climatic zone.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85848032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.057
M. Meena, Rekha Kharra, B. Meena, Ashish Sharma
A field study was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm, Vivekanand Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan during Rabi season of 2018-19 with the objective to find out the impact of different fertility levels and organic nutrient sources on productivity, quality and economics of wheat. The field experiment was laid out with three fertility levels (75%, 100% and 125% recommended dose of fertilizers) randomly allocated to the main plots of split plot design and five treatments of organic sources (control, vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB, farmyard manures @ 5 t ha-1 and farmyard manures @ 5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB) assigning to sub-plots by replicating thrice. The experimental findings revealed that, among the fertility levels, the application of 125% recommended dose of fertilizers (120:60:60 N: P: K) being at par with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers, recorded significantly maximum yields (grain, straw and biological yield, respectively 40.19, 58.27 and 98.46 q ha-1), nitrogen content and their uptake by grain and protein content in grain of wheat over 75% recommended dose of fertilizers. The same treatment also recorded significantly maximum net returns ( 33698 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.46) of wheat. Similarly, the application of farmyard manures @ 5 tha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB being at par with application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB, recorded significantly highest grain, straw and biological yield (42.13, 61.07 and 94.85 q ha-1, respectively), nitrogen content and their uptake by grain and protein content in grain of wheat as compared to other treatments. The results further stated that significantly maximum net returns (32384 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.48) of wheat was obtained by application of farmyard manures @ 5 tha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB.
{"title":"Impact of Different Fertility Levels and Organic Nutrient Sources on Productivity, Quality and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Emend. Fiori & Paol)","authors":"M. Meena, Rekha Kharra, B. Meena, Ashish Sharma","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.057","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm, Vivekanand Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan during Rabi season of 2018-19 with the objective to find out the impact of different fertility levels and organic nutrient sources on productivity, quality and economics of wheat. The field experiment was laid out with three fertility levels (75%, 100% and 125% recommended dose of fertilizers) randomly allocated to the main plots of split plot design and five treatments of organic sources (control, vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB, farmyard manures @ 5 t ha-1 and farmyard manures @ 5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB) assigning to sub-plots by replicating thrice. The experimental findings revealed that, among the fertility levels, the application of 125% recommended dose of fertilizers (120:60:60 N: P: K) being at par with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers, recorded significantly maximum yields (grain, straw and biological yield, respectively 40.19, 58.27 and 98.46 q ha-1), nitrogen content and their uptake by grain and protein content in grain of wheat over 75% recommended dose of fertilizers. The same treatment also recorded significantly maximum net returns ( 33698 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.46) of wheat. Similarly, the application of farmyard manures @ 5 tha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB being at par with application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB, recorded significantly highest grain, straw and biological yield (42.13, 61.07 and 94.85 q ha-1, respectively), nitrogen content and their uptake by grain and protein content in grain of wheat as compared to other treatments. The results further stated that significantly maximum net returns (32384 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.48) of wheat was obtained by application of farmyard manures @ 5 tha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78316195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：