Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.53550/eec.2022.v28i04.005
Amaël Borzée, Hyun-Ah Choi, Bernhard Selige, Donguk Han
Populations of the Black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) declined importantly until the 1990’s, before a slow but consistent increase in population size in response to successful conservation efforts. Specific sites have been specifically designed to be adequate breeding areas for the species, and these land-based locations are successfully used. Here we report on the arboreal nesting of P.minor, a behaviour that is only rarely reported and is not generally present in the scientific literature for the species. A literature search however revealed that all other Platalea species are opportunistic arboreal breeders, and this little observed behaviour in P. minor may be prevalent in specific contexts. Several pairs of P. minor were observed nesting on trees on Yu Islet (37.775°N, 126.534°E), in May 2020 and this behaviour may have consequences for the conservation of the species as it implies that nesting individuals can avoid competition with other ground breeding species, and avoid flooding, a stochastic event having a significant impact on nesting P. minor.
{"title":"Arboreal Nesting in the Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)","authors":"Amaël Borzée, Hyun-Ah Choi, Bernhard Selige, Donguk Han","doi":"10.53550/eec.2022.v28i04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i04.005","url":null,"abstract":"Populations of the Black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) declined importantly until the 1990’s, before a slow but consistent increase in population size in response to successful conservation efforts. Specific sites have been specifically designed to be adequate breeding areas for the species, and these land-based locations are successfully used. Here we report on the arboreal nesting of P.minor, a behaviour that is only rarely reported and is not generally present in the scientific literature for the species. A literature search however revealed that all other Platalea species are opportunistic arboreal breeders, and this little observed behaviour in P. minor may be prevalent in specific contexts. Several pairs of P. minor were observed nesting on trees on Yu Islet (37.775°N, 126.534°E), in May 2020 and this behaviour may have consequences for the conservation of the species as it implies that nesting individuals can avoid competition with other ground breeding species, and avoid flooding, a stochastic event having a significant impact on nesting P. minor.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88595508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.077
Kodavati Divya Bharathi, D. R. Kumar, Polapali Saikiran, Belli Karthik
Concrete with nano-silica also has a higher strength compared with normal concrete. In the current study, an examination of the mechanical characteristics of bacterial concrete containing nano-silica is conducted. The impact of concrete was examined in this study employing Bacillus subtilis for self-Healing Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) Strain no.121, Among the bacteria concentrations of 104 , 105 , and 106 cells/ ml, a concentration of 105 cells/ml gives more strength, so further investigation is done using 105 cells/ml cell concentration for different percentages of nano-silica is examined. Firstly, Bacterial cell concentration is optimised. Each of the 40 sets of cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm), cylinders (150 mm diameter and 300 mm height), and prisms (100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm) are cast and tested at 28 days and 90 days as part of further research to determine the mechanical properties of bacterial concrete with different percentage of nano silica with and without bacteria. It has been noted that adding nano-silica to concrete increases its strength from 0% to 1.5% before being decreased to 2%. concrete splintering occurs due to a number of causes, including mechanical compression and low tensile strength, shrinkage, freeze-thaw reaction, and others. External loads can cause high tensile strains. For any combined nano-silica percentage when compared to regular concrete, bacterial concrete is stronger.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Bacterial Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement by Nano Silica in Different Grades of Concrete","authors":"Kodavati Divya Bharathi, D. R. Kumar, Polapali Saikiran, Belli Karthik","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.077","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete with nano-silica also has a higher strength compared with normal concrete. In the current study, an examination of the mechanical characteristics of bacterial concrete containing nano-silica is conducted. The impact of concrete was examined in this study employing Bacillus subtilis for self-Healing Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) Strain no.121, Among the bacteria concentrations of 104 , 105 , and 106 cells/ ml, a concentration of 105 cells/ml gives more strength, so further investigation is done using 105 cells/ml cell concentration for different percentages of nano-silica is examined. Firstly, Bacterial cell concentration is optimised. Each of the 40 sets of cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm), cylinders (150 mm diameter and 300 mm height), and prisms (100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm) are cast and tested at 28 days and 90 days as part of further research to determine the mechanical properties of bacterial concrete with different percentage of nano silica with and without bacteria. It has been noted that adding nano-silica to concrete increases its strength from 0% to 1.5% before being decreased to 2%. concrete splintering occurs due to a number of causes, including mechanical compression and low tensile strength, shrinkage, freeze-thaw reaction, and others. External loads can cause high tensile strains. For any combined nano-silica percentage when compared to regular concrete, bacterial concrete is stronger.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73518584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.062
A. Mishra, P. Pradhan, A. Dash, N. Panda, B. P. Dash, S. Patel
One of the most essential elements found in earth crust both in inorganic and organic form to be utilized by every living organism with average concentration of 0.06 % and presiding 13th position is Sulphur. Sulphur is also adjudged as the 4th important macronutrient amongst N, P, K to be taken up by both cereals and oilseeds crops in particular and acts as constituent for protein production and pivotal unit in chlorophyll, oil and vitamin synthesis in general. Indian soils are majorly deficient of N and Zn, with 41% of S deficiency which reduces the quality and quantity productivity of oilseed and other crops as it affects the uptake of available forms of N, P, K. Application of Sulphur containing fertilizers during growing period of crop enhances growth, yield, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and economic for several cereals and oilseed crops. The basic purpose of this review is to render upgraded researches related to sulphur comprehension in both oilseeds and cereals.
{"title":"Role of Sulphur in cereals and oilseeds crops","authors":"A. Mishra, P. Pradhan, A. Dash, N. Panda, B. P. Dash, S. Patel","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.062","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most essential elements found in earth crust both in inorganic and organic form to be utilized by every living organism with average concentration of 0.06 % and presiding 13th position is Sulphur. Sulphur is also adjudged as the 4th important macronutrient amongst N, P, K to be taken up by both cereals and oilseeds crops in particular and acts as constituent for protein production and pivotal unit in chlorophyll, oil and vitamin synthesis in general. Indian soils are majorly deficient of N and Zn, with 41% of S deficiency which reduces the quality and quantity productivity of oilseed and other crops as it affects the uptake of available forms of N, P, K. Application of Sulphur containing fertilizers during growing period of crop enhances growth, yield, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and economic for several cereals and oilseed crops. The basic purpose of this review is to render upgraded researches related to sulphur comprehension in both oilseeds and cereals.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73767745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.024
U. Sravanthi, B. Prabhakar, P. Saidaiah, A. M. Rao, D. L. Narayana, G. Sathish
The experiment was evaluated with thirty two okra genotypes in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications. Thirteen characters were measured for randomly selected plants for path analysis. Path analysis studies revealed high direct effect of days to initiation for first flowering, number of branches per plant, fruit length, weight of fruit and number of fruits per plant also recorded desirable direction with yield. Hence, the genotypes which exhibited better performance for these characters can be used in further improvement of okra.
{"title":"Path Analysis Studies in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]","authors":"U. Sravanthi, B. Prabhakar, P. Saidaiah, A. M. Rao, D. L. Narayana, G. Sathish","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.024","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was evaluated with thirty two okra genotypes in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications. Thirteen characters were measured for randomly selected plants for path analysis. Path analysis studies revealed high direct effect of days to initiation for first flowering, number of branches per plant, fruit length, weight of fruit and number of fruits per plant also recorded desirable direction with yield. Hence, the genotypes which exhibited better performance for these characters can be used in further improvement of okra.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75561433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.040
D. Pradhan, Amarendra Nath Dey, S. Chakravarty, D. Mukhopadhyay, Arup Sarkar, Aranava Ghosh
The present study was carried out to investigate tree species diversity, population dynamics, and tree species regeneration patterns at Rajabhatkhawa Range of Buxa Tiger Reserve of West Bengal to better understand the regeneration dynamics and population structure of tree species. A total of 140 quadrats (size 2m × 2 m) were set with the sampling intensity 0.1% for regeneration survey of the area by following random quadrat sampling method. This study documented about ”106" regenerating tree species, representing “74” genera and “40” families from the study area from which about “47” percent of tree species showed “good” regeneration status. Monoon simiarum had highest seedlings density with 8125.00 seedlings ha-1 followed by Aglaia spectabilis (4642.86 seedlings ha-1). Monoon simiarum showed highest IVI index of 15.19, followed by Aglaia spectabilis (10.41). About 9 percent of the species had “fair” regeneration status and 8 percent had “poor” regeneration status, the fair or poor regeneration might be due to insufficient seed dispersal that limits native species colonisation. However, it was observed that a total of 18 percent of tree species were classified as “not regenerating” and again 18 percent of tree species that were present in either sapling or seedling stage but no adult stage were categorized as new regeneration.
{"title":"Phyto-regeneration and diversity indices of West Rajabhatkhawa Range of Buxa Tiger Reserve of West Bengal, India","authors":"D. Pradhan, Amarendra Nath Dey, S. Chakravarty, D. Mukhopadhyay, Arup Sarkar, Aranava Ghosh","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.040","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to investigate tree species diversity, population dynamics, and tree species regeneration patterns at Rajabhatkhawa Range of Buxa Tiger Reserve of West Bengal to better understand the regeneration dynamics and population structure of tree species. A total of 140 quadrats (size 2m × 2 m) were set with the sampling intensity 0.1% for regeneration survey of the area by following random quadrat sampling method. This study documented about ”106\" regenerating tree species, representing “74” genera and “40” families from the study area from which about “47” percent of tree species showed “good” regeneration status. Monoon simiarum had highest seedlings density with 8125.00 seedlings ha-1 followed by Aglaia spectabilis (4642.86 seedlings ha-1). Monoon simiarum showed highest IVI index of 15.19, followed by Aglaia spectabilis (10.41). About 9 percent of the species had “fair” regeneration status and 8 percent had “poor” regeneration status, the fair or poor regeneration might be due to insufficient seed dispersal that limits native species colonisation. However, it was observed that a total of 18 percent of tree species were classified as “not regenerating” and again 18 percent of tree species that were present in either sapling or seedling stage but no adult stage were categorized as new regeneration.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74802300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.014
E. H. Prasad, L.T. Guru Chandra Sekhar, Maddipati Ram Rishik Narayana, P. Rajput, Anupama Rajput
Beginning around 1950 to 2021, about 6.3 billion tons of plastics have been delivered around the world, out of which only 9% is reused, individually. Human population increment is eventually related to the increasing use of plastic. Plastic items are answerable for consistent expansion in the development of plastic. We have surveyed in this paper, the most important written works on the various sorts of plastics underway, the negative impacts of these constituents to air, water, soil, organic entities and human wellbeing viz-a-viz the different removal technique. Papers that revealed ecological and general wellbeing impacts of plastic looked in to assortments of plastic utilized in the creation of numerous consumable items including clinical gadgets, food bundling and water bottles containing harmful synthetic substances like phthalates, weighty metals, and Nonyl phenol. Yearly 8 million tons of plastic is delivered into the sea, prompting corruption of marine living space which at last influences amphibian life forms and creates health hazards. The increased usage of plastic and plastic items when exposed to high temperatures leads to the release of toxins into food items and water.
{"title":"Plastic Pollution and its Impact on Environment","authors":"E. H. Prasad, L.T. Guru Chandra Sekhar, Maddipati Ram Rishik Narayana, P. Rajput, Anupama Rajput","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.014","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning around 1950 to 2021, about 6.3 billion tons of plastics have been delivered around the world, out of which only 9% is reused, individually. Human population increment is eventually related to the increasing use of plastic. Plastic items are answerable for consistent expansion in the development of plastic. We have surveyed in this paper, the most important written works on the various sorts of plastics underway, the negative impacts of these constituents to air, water, soil, organic entities and human wellbeing viz-a-viz the different removal technique. Papers that revealed ecological and general wellbeing impacts of plastic looked in to assortments of plastic utilized in the creation of numerous consumable items including clinical gadgets, food bundling and water bottles containing harmful synthetic substances like phthalates, weighty metals, and Nonyl phenol. Yearly 8 million tons of plastic is delivered into the sea, prompting corruption of marine living space which at last influences amphibian life forms and creates health hazards. The increased usage of plastic and plastic items when exposed to high temperatures leads to the release of toxins into food items and water.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78726504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jhrakhand to study the “Effect of weed management practices on quality, weed count, weed dry matter and weed control efficiency in linseed”. The treatments replicated thrice and comprised of weed management practices viz., T1 -Weedy Check, T2 -Hand weeding twice at 30 and 60 DAS, T3 -Metribuzin 250 g/ha + Oxyflourfen 125g/ha (Pre.), T4 -Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha (Pre.) fb. metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha (Post.), T5 -Imazethapyr 75 g/ha (Post.), T6 -Oxyflourfen 125 g/ha (Pre.), T7 -Metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha (Post.), T8 -Clodinafop 60 g/ha (Post.), T9 -Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha (Post.) and T10-Oxadiargyl 80 g/ha (Pre.). Application of Hand Weeding twice at 30 and 60 DAS was found superior in terms of oil content (38.91%) and oil yield (586.80 kg/ha) in pooled data. Also, analysis of pooled data revealed that Hand Weeding Twice at 30 and 60 DAS resulted in minimum total weed count (1.21 and 3.12 respectively), total weed dry matter (1.18 and 3.50 g/m2 respectively) and maximum weed control efficiency (97.03 and 79.95% respectively) when labours are easily available followed by post emergence application of clodinofop @ 60 g/ha+ metsulfuson methyl @4 g/ha in case of labours scarcity or it could be an alternative of hand weeding twice.
{"title":"Effect of weed management practices on quality, weed count, weed dry matter and weed control efficiency in linseed","authors":"Md. Parwaiz Alam, Sulochna, C.S. Singh, Satish Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.061","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jhrakhand to study the “Effect of weed management practices on quality, weed count, weed dry matter and weed control efficiency in linseed”. The treatments replicated thrice and comprised of weed management practices viz., T1 -Weedy Check, T2 -Hand weeding twice at 30 and 60 DAS, T3 -Metribuzin 250 g/ha + Oxyflourfen 125g/ha (Pre.), T4 -Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha (Pre.) fb. metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha (Post.), T5 -Imazethapyr 75 g/ha (Post.), T6 -Oxyflourfen 125 g/ha (Pre.), T7 -Metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha (Post.), T8 -Clodinafop 60 g/ha (Post.), T9 -Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metsulfuron methyl 4 g/ha (Post.) and T10-Oxadiargyl 80 g/ha (Pre.). Application of Hand Weeding twice at 30 and 60 DAS was found superior in terms of oil content (38.91%) and oil yield (586.80 kg/ha) in pooled data. Also, analysis of pooled data revealed that Hand Weeding Twice at 30 and 60 DAS resulted in minimum total weed count (1.21 and 3.12 respectively), total weed dry matter (1.18 and 3.50 g/m2 respectively) and maximum weed control efficiency (97.03 and 79.95% respectively) when labours are easily available followed by post emergence application of clodinofop @ 60 g/ha+ metsulfuson methyl @4 g/ha in case of labours scarcity or it could be an alternative of hand weeding twice.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78380428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.060
Kanika Mahajan, A. Rao, S. Sushanth Kumar, V. Kumari, Ambrish Kumar Mahajan, Anil Kurmi
The most extensively farmed mushroom in the world is Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. WBD, which is predominantly instigated by Mycogone perniciosa, might pose a severe danger to A. bisporus output over the world. Because of the similarity between A. bisporus and M. perniciosa, it was predicted that the current study would choose reliable antimycotic agents that could favorably treat this fungal disease on mushrooms. The antimycotic susceptibility of host and pathogen was investigated in vitro using six different fungicides. The effects of chlorothalonil, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and kresoximmethyl on M. perniciosa, the mycoparasite that origins white button mushroom wet bubble disease, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Chlorothalonil and carbendazim were the potent antimycotic agents for reducing M. perniciosa mycelial growth in vitro, with inhibitions of 96.93 percent and 94.15 percent, respectively. Chlorothalonil inhibited the pathogen’s mycelial growth at 25-500 ppm, whereas carbendazim did so at 5 to 100 ppm, with least (16.67 percent) inhibition of A. bisporus mycelium. Difenoconazole, kresoximmethyl and azoxystrobin among other fungicides, were shown to be very repressive to the pathogen (91.81 percent, 83.26 percent and 71.05 percent) with the largest percentage of inhibition (87.77 percent, 84.44 percent and 75.55 percent) of A. bisporus mycelium. Chlorothalonil and carbendazim and thiophanatemethyl continued to handle WBD in field experiments with a smaller impact on mushrooms than other fungicides.
{"title":"Organization of Mycogone perniciosa triggering Wet Bubble Disease (WBD) of White Button Mushroom","authors":"Kanika Mahajan, A. Rao, S. Sushanth Kumar, V. Kumari, Ambrish Kumar Mahajan, Anil Kurmi","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.060","url":null,"abstract":"The most extensively farmed mushroom in the world is Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. WBD, which is predominantly instigated by Mycogone perniciosa, might pose a severe danger to A. bisporus output over the world. Because of the similarity between A. bisporus and M. perniciosa, it was predicted that the current study would choose reliable antimycotic agents that could favorably treat this fungal disease on mushrooms. The antimycotic susceptibility of host and pathogen was investigated in vitro using six different fungicides. The effects of chlorothalonil, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and kresoximmethyl on M. perniciosa, the mycoparasite that origins white button mushroom wet bubble disease, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Chlorothalonil and carbendazim were the potent antimycotic agents for reducing M. perniciosa mycelial growth in vitro, with inhibitions of 96.93 percent and 94.15 percent, respectively. Chlorothalonil inhibited the pathogen’s mycelial growth at 25-500 ppm, whereas carbendazim did so at 5 to 100 ppm, with least (16.67 percent) inhibition of A. bisporus mycelium. Difenoconazole, kresoximmethyl and azoxystrobin among other fungicides, were shown to be very repressive to the pathogen (91.81 percent, 83.26 percent and 71.05 percent) with the largest percentage of inhibition (87.77 percent, 84.44 percent and 75.55 percent) of A. bisporus mycelium. Chlorothalonil and carbendazim and thiophanatemethyl continued to handle WBD in field experiments with a smaller impact on mushrooms than other fungicides.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75141976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.061
K. Pushpa, S. Prithiani, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Deeksha Gautam, K. Choudhary, B. Yadav, Akansha Verma
A field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar during Rabi season 2018-2019 to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and biofertilizers on quality attributes of seeds in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The experiment consisted of 15 treatments in combinations of different organic fertilizers, viz. vermicompost, Rhizobium, PSB and Azospirrilium. The results revealed that among the different combinations of vermicompost and biofertilizers, application of Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Azospirrilium significantly increased seedling length (13.90 cm), chlorophyll content of leaves (1.60 mg), Vigour Index I (1348.30), Vigour Index II (1250), root length (6.40 cm), shoot length (7.50 cm), test weight (16.46 g) and crude protein content of seed (21.88%) as compared to control and the EC (1.02 dS m-1) was decreased with the application of vermicompost and biofertilizers in treatment T15 (V+R+A+PSB) as compared to highest in T0. Thus, the seeds obtained from the application of biofertlizer and vermicompost mix were superior in quality than use in single form for obtaining high quality seeds.
{"title":"Analyzing the Response to Vermicompost and Biofertlizers on Germination and Quality Attributes of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seed","authors":"K. Pushpa, S. Prithiani, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Deeksha Gautam, K. Choudhary, B. Yadav, Akansha Verma","doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.061","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar during Rabi season 2018-2019 to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and biofertilizers on quality attributes of seeds in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The experiment consisted of 15 treatments in combinations of different organic fertilizers, viz. vermicompost, Rhizobium, PSB and Azospirrilium. The results revealed that among the different combinations of vermicompost and biofertilizers, application of Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Azospirrilium significantly increased seedling length (13.90 cm), chlorophyll content of leaves (1.60 mg), Vigour Index I (1348.30), Vigour Index II (1250), root length (6.40 cm), shoot length (7.50 cm), test weight (16.46 g) and crude protein content of seed (21.88%) as compared to control and the EC (1.02 dS m-1) was decreased with the application of vermicompost and biofertilizers in treatment T15 (V+R+A+PSB) as compared to highest in T0. Thus, the seeds obtained from the application of biofertlizer and vermicompost mix were superior in quality than use in single form for obtaining high quality seeds.","PeriodicalId":11458,"journal":{"name":"Ecology, Environment and Conservation","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77370014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.011
S. Mohapatra, G. Ghosh, G. Santra, A. Snigdha, D. Sethi, S.P. Das, M.C. Kundu
Foliar application can be used along with the soil application of fertilizers to enhance the yield and quality of crops for a sustainable approach to nutrient management. In this context, a field experiment was conducted with green gram (cv: NVL-516) in anacidic soil of the Agricultural Research Farm, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar with the objective to study the impact of combined soil and foliar application of nutrients on yield and protein content of summer green gram in Odisha. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and eight treatments consisting of recommended dose of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium and Sulphur (NPKS) along with foliar application of 2% urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), KCl, N: P: K (19:19:19) and 1%KNO3 and control.Foliar application was done two times at 30 and 45 DAS. The highest yield (1582 kg ha-1 ) was recorded in treatment where 1%KNO3 was applied as foliar spray along with the recommended dose of NPKS and was at par with 2%DAP(1574 kg ha-1). The protein content of seeds was found highest in treatment with foliar application of urea (22.6%) followed by KNO3 (22.4%), N: P: K (19:19:19) (22.4%) and DAP(22.1%). The protein content strongly correlated with the N concentration of seeds.
叶面施用可与土壤施用一起使用，以提高作物的产量和质量，从而实现可持续的养分管理方法。为此，在布巴内斯瓦尔省Siksha ' O ' Anusandhan农业研究农场的酸性土壤中进行了绿克(cv: NVL-516)的田间试验，目的是研究土壤和叶面配施养分对奥里萨邦夏季绿克产量和蛋白质含量的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，设3个重复，8个处理，分别为氮磷钾硫(NPKS)推荐剂量，叶面施用2%尿素、磷酸铵(DAP)、氯化钾、N: P: K(19:19:19)和1%KNO3及对照。叶面施用于30和45 DAS进行两次。在叶面喷施1%KNO3和推荐剂量NPKS的处理中，产量最高(1582 kg ha-1)，与2%DAP(1574 kg ha-1)相当。籽粒蛋白质含量以叶面施尿素最高(22.6%)，其次为KNO3(22.4%)、N: P: K(19:19:19)(22.4%)和DAP(22.1%)。蛋白质含量与籽粒氮浓度呈极显著相关。
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