Pub Date : 2017-03-01Epub Date: 2017-02-21DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00638
Marta Laskowski, Kirsten H Ten Tusscher
Conditioning small groups of root pericycle cells for future lateral root formation has a major impact on overall plant root architecture. This priming of lateral roots occurs rhythmically, involving temporal oscillations in auxin response in the root tip. During growth, this process generates a spatial pattern of prebranch sites, an early stage in lateral root formation characterized by a stably maintained high auxin response. To date, the molecular mechanism behind this rhythmicity has remained elusive. Some data implicate a cell-autonomous oscillation in gene expression, while others strongly support the importance of tissue-level modulations in auxin fluxes. Here, we summarize the experimental data on periodic lateral root priming. We present a theoretical framework that distinguishes between a priming signal and its subsequent memorization and show how major roles for auxin fluxes and gene expression naturally emerge from this framework. We then discuss three mechanisms that could potentially induce oscillations of auxin response: cell-autonomous oscillations, Turing-type patterning, and tissue-level oscillations in auxin fluxes, along with specific properties of lateral root priming that may be used to discern which type of mechanism is most likely to drive lateral root patterning. We conclude with suggestions for future experiments and modeling studies.
{"title":"Periodic Lateral Root Priming: What Makes It Tick?","authors":"Marta Laskowski, Kirsten H Ten Tusscher","doi":"10.1105/tpc.16.00638","DOIUrl":"10.1105/tpc.16.00638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conditioning small groups of root pericycle cells for future lateral root formation has a major impact on overall plant root architecture. This priming of lateral roots occurs rhythmically, involving temporal oscillations in auxin response in the root tip. During growth, this process generates a spatial pattern of prebranch sites, an early stage in lateral root formation characterized by a stably maintained high auxin response. To date, the molecular mechanism behind this rhythmicity has remained elusive. Some data implicate a cell-autonomous oscillation in gene expression, while others strongly support the importance of tissue-level modulations in auxin fluxes. Here, we summarize the experimental data on periodic lateral root priming. We present a theoretical framework that distinguishes between a priming signal and its subsequent memorization and show how major roles for auxin fluxes and gene expression naturally emerge from this framework. We then discuss three mechanisms that could potentially induce oscillations of auxin response: cell-autonomous oscillations, Turing-type patterning, and tissue-level oscillations in auxin fluxes, along with specific properties of lateral root priming that may be used to discern which type of mechanism is most likely to drive lateral root patterning. We conclude with suggestions for future experiments and modeling studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11470,"journal":{"name":"ECS Electrochemistry Letters","volume":"2 1","pages":"432-444"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5385950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86370410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We observed in detail the XRD profiles of LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 taken during the relaxation time. We founded the peak position of the Li-rich phase shifted to lower angles during the relaxation process. We also founded that the intensity around the midpoint between the peak positions of the Li-rich phase and that of the Li-lean phase decreased immediately after the lithium insertion and the delay of the decrease in the intensity around the Li-rich phase. We consider that these happened due to the crystal structure peculiar to the lithium manganese iron phosphate.
{"title":"Non-Equilibrium Li Insertion Paths in LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 Observed during the Relaxation Process","authors":"Yoshinori Satou, S. Komine, S. Takai, T. Yao","doi":"10.1149/2.0031503EEL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0031503EEL","url":null,"abstract":"We observed in detail the XRD profiles of LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 taken during the relaxation time. We founded the peak position of the Li-rich phase shifted to lower angles during the relaxation process. We also founded that the intensity around the midpoint between the peak positions of the Li-rich phase and that of the Li-lean phase decreased immediately after the lithium insertion and the delay of the decrease in the intensity around the Li-rich phase. We consider that these happened due to the crystal structure peculiar to the lithium manganese iron phosphate.","PeriodicalId":11470,"journal":{"name":"ECS Electrochemistry Letters","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1149/2.0031503EEL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64312756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Use of a Sintered Ag/AgCl Electrode as Both Reference and Counter Electrode for Electrochemical Measurements in Thin Film Electrolytes","authors":"P. Khullar, J. V. Badilla, R. Kelly","doi":"10.1149/2.0051510EEL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0051510EEL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11470,"journal":{"name":"ECS Electrochemistry Letters","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1149/2.0051510EEL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64320234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redox Behavior of Dopamine in the Presence of Ferritin","authors":"Jaroslav Vatrál, R. Boča","doi":"10.1149/2.0011506EEL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0011506EEL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11470,"journal":{"name":"ECS Electrochemistry Letters","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1149/2.0011506EEL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64303573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Jo, Mihye Wu, S. Nahm, Yongku Kang, Ha-Kyun Jung
{"title":"Discharge/Charge Characteristics of Li-O2 Batteries Using Noble Metal Catalyst Supported on a Carbon-Free Al-Doped ZnO Cathode","authors":"J. Jo, Mihye Wu, S. Nahm, Yongku Kang, Ha-Kyun Jung","doi":"10.1149/2.0011510EEL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0011510EEL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11470,"journal":{"name":"ECS Electrochemistry Letters","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1149/2.0011510EEL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64303841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experimental All the electrochemical experiments were carried out in the quiescent AlCl3/TMHC (58/42 mol%) in a N2-filled glove box at 38 ◦ C using a conventional three-electrode cell. An Al spiral wire (Alfa Aesar, 99.95%) immersed in the bulk IL was used as the counter electrode, the reference electrode was an Al wire in a fritted glass tube filled with the same IL. The working electrode was a W wire (diameter =0.5 mm). The electrochemical experiments were performed with an EG&G PARC Model 263A potentiostat/galvanostat controlled with EG&G Model 270 software. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HITACHI, SU8000) was used to examine the morphology of the deposits.
所有电化学实验均在38◦C的氮气填充手套箱中使用传统的三电极电池，在静止的AlCl3/TMHC (58/42 mol%)中进行。用Al螺旋丝(Alfa Aesar, 99.95%)浸泡在大量IL中作为对电极，参比电极为Al丝，在填充相同IL的熔融玻璃管中，工作电极为W丝(直径=0.5 mm)。电化学实验采用EG&G PARC Model 263A恒电位器/恒电位器，由EG&G Model 270软件控制。采用高分辨率扫描电子显微镜(HITACHI, SU8000)检查沉积物的形貌。
{"title":"Potential Oscillation Associated Galvanostatic Deposition of Periodic Al Wires from a Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid","authors":"C. Su, I. Sun","doi":"10.1149/2.0021507EEL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0021507EEL","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental All the electrochemical experiments were carried out in the quiescent AlCl3/TMHC (58/42 mol%) in a N2-filled glove box at 38 ◦ C using a conventional three-electrode cell. An Al spiral wire (Alfa Aesar, 99.95%) immersed in the bulk IL was used as the counter electrode, the reference electrode was an Al wire in a fritted glass tube filled with the same IL. The working electrode was a W wire (diameter =0.5 mm). The electrochemical experiments were performed with an EG&G PARC Model 263A potentiostat/galvanostat controlled with EG&G Model 270 software. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HITACHI, SU8000) was used to examine the morphology of the deposits.","PeriodicalId":11470,"journal":{"name":"ECS Electrochemistry Letters","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1149/2.0021507EEL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64308241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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