Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14744/dajpns.2023.00210
Y. Balcioglu
Objective: Alterations in blood flow and inflammation may be associated with the treatment response of psychotic disorders. However, changes in blood viscosity in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) have yet to be studied. We examined whether blood viscosity and systemic inflammatory status varied between patients with TRS, remitted schizophrenia, and healthy subjects. Method: Forty patients with TRS, 40 remitted schizophrenia patients, and 43 age-and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this retrospective file review study. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) was calculated according to de Simone’s formula at low and high shear rates (LSR and HSR, respectively). Complete blood count (CBC) markers of inflammation were recorded through screening data at admission. Results: In patients with TRS, WBV at both LSR and HSR was significantly decreased, whereas all CBC markers of inflammation were significantly increased compared to controls. Remitted patients had significantly decreased WBV at HSR than controls. There was no significant correlation between blood viscosity and CBC markers in patients. According to the regression models, the systemic immune-inflammation index (β=0.578) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (β=1.844) were significantly associated with WBV at LSR in multivariate analyses, whereas the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Positive subscale (β=-0.330) was significantly associated with WBV at HSR in univariate analyses in the patient sample. Conclusion: TRS, associated with decreased blood viscosity and increased inflammatory status, may not fully explain such a relationship. Prospective studies would help establish the extent to which hemorheological and inflammatory characteristics reflect the pathophysiological process underlying treatment responsiveness as well as cardiovascular morbidity.
{"title":"Blood viscosity and inflammatory indices in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A retrospective cross-sectional study","authors":"Y. Balcioglu","doi":"10.14744/dajpns.2023.00210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/dajpns.2023.00210","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Alterations in blood flow and inflammation may be associated with the treatment response of psychotic disorders. However, changes in blood viscosity in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) have yet to be studied. We examined whether blood viscosity and systemic inflammatory status varied between patients with TRS, remitted schizophrenia, and healthy subjects. Method: Forty patients with TRS, 40 remitted schizophrenia patients, and 43 age-and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this retrospective file review study. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) was calculated according to de Simone’s formula at low and high shear rates (LSR and HSR, respectively). Complete blood count (CBC) markers of inflammation were recorded through screening data at admission. Results: In patients with TRS, WBV at both LSR and HSR was significantly decreased, whereas all CBC markers of inflammation were significantly increased compared to controls. Remitted patients had significantly decreased WBV at HSR than controls. There was no significant correlation between blood viscosity and CBC markers in patients. According to the regression models, the systemic immune-inflammation index (β=0.578) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (β=1.844) were significantly associated with WBV at LSR in multivariate analyses, whereas the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Positive subscale (β=-0.330) was significantly associated with WBV at HSR in univariate analyses in the patient sample. Conclusion: TRS, associated with decreased blood viscosity and increased inflammatory status, may not fully explain such a relationship. Prospective studies would help establish the extent to which hemorheological and inflammatory characteristics reflect the pathophysiological process underlying treatment responsiveness as well as cardiovascular morbidity.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78817634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14744/dajpns.2022.00201
Tuğba Kara
{"title":"Investigation of emotional schemas between adolescents and their mothers","authors":"Tuğba Kara","doi":"10.14744/dajpns.2022.00201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/dajpns.2022.00201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87073882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14744/dajpns.2022.00204
R. Tulacı
{"title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic cognitions in patients with myocardial infarction","authors":"R. Tulacı","doi":"10.14744/dajpns.2022.00204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/dajpns.2022.00204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83677537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14744/dajpns.2022.00202
Y. Balcioglu
{"title":"Electrocardiogram markers of atrial and ventricular repolarization abnormalities and their association with symptom severity in antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia","authors":"Y. Balcioglu","doi":"10.14744/dajpns.2022.00202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/dajpns.2022.00202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91488930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14744/dajpns.2023.00208
Y. Yıldırım
Objective: The pandemic of coronavirus has caused various psychological impacts. Psychiatric emergency departments (PED) are important to detect the clinical reflections of this unforeseeable and extraordinary period, as these departments served uninterruptedly during the pandemic. We aim to study the possible reflections by comparing the medical data obtained during pandemic period with the same dates of the previous year. Method: A total of 7209 patients admitted to PED between March–May 2019 and March–May 2020 were included in this retrospective and cohort study. Comparisons were made between the two periods based on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Results: PED visits, which were 4330 in 2019, decreased by 33.5% to 2879 in 2020. The number of female patients decreased be-tween 2019 and 2020 (p=0.001), but there was no difference in terms of age (p=0.085). It was observed that all diagnosis groups decreased in 2020, except for “Neurocognitive Disorders.” The decrease in the frequency was most evident in “Obsessive-Compul-sive and Related Disorders” group (66.1%). On the other hand, the least decrease was found in “Anxiety Disorders” group (11.8%). Conclusion: Despite the fact that this pandemic is considered as a multifaceted psychological stressor, emergency psychiatry applications have decreased compared to the previous year during the pandemic. As the physical burden of the COVID-19 gradually diminishes, we may face a mental health pandemic due to tremendous psychological effects of this time period. It is obvious that some new and alternative ways to spread psychiatric practices are needed in the pandemic period and beyond.
{"title":"Reflections of the psychological impact of coronavirus in clinical practice: Emergency psychiatry during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Y. Yıldırım","doi":"10.14744/dajpns.2023.00208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/dajpns.2023.00208","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The pandemic of coronavirus has caused various psychological impacts. Psychiatric emergency departments (PED) are important to detect the clinical reflections of this unforeseeable and extraordinary period, as these departments served uninterruptedly during the pandemic. We aim to study the possible reflections by comparing the medical data obtained during pandemic period with the same dates of the previous year. Method: A total of 7209 patients admitted to PED between March–May 2019 and March–May 2020 were included in this retrospective and cohort study. Comparisons were made between the two periods based on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Results: PED visits, which were 4330 in 2019, decreased by 33.5% to 2879 in 2020. The number of female patients decreased be-tween 2019 and 2020 (p=0.001), but there was no difference in terms of age (p=0.085). It was observed that all diagnosis groups decreased in 2020, except for “Neurocognitive Disorders.” The decrease in the frequency was most evident in “Obsessive-Compul-sive and Related Disorders” group (66.1%). On the other hand, the least decrease was found in “Anxiety Disorders” group (11.8%). Conclusion: Despite the fact that this pandemic is considered as a multifaceted psychological stressor, emergency psychiatry applications have decreased compared to the previous year during the pandemic. As the physical burden of the COVID-19 gradually diminishes, we may face a mental health pandemic due to tremendous psychological effects of this time period. It is obvious that some new and alternative ways to spread psychiatric practices are needed in the pandemic period and beyond.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89730560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14744/dajpns.2023.00209
N. U. Usta Sağlam
Objective: Somatic symptoms, with the heterogeneous character that are not fully explained by a medical condition, are common in bipolar disorder type-1 (BD-1) which might interfere with the choice of treatment, health-care utilization, medical costs as well as functionality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate association of somatic symptoms with sociodemographic-clin-ical features, functionality, and childhood trauma in remitted BD-1. Method: After excluding patients with medical comorbidities, 61 patients diagnosed with BD-1 according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders participated in the study. We required at least 8 weeks of remission and confirmed it with hamilton depression rating scale and young mania rating scale. Somatization Scale, functioning assessment short test (FAST), and childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) were administered to the participants. Results: Somatization scores were significantly correlated with CTQ-total (r=0.323, p=0.011) and FAST-total (r=0.278, p=0.03), while inversely correlated with years in education (r=-0.395, p=0.002). When a partial correlation was run to determine the relationship between somatization and functioning, while controlling for childhood trauma, there was no statistically significant correlation between somatization and functioning (p=0.076). Conclusion: Our study suggests that childhood trauma may have an influence on the relationship between somatization and functionality in patients with BD-1. When addressing somatic symptoms in patients with BD, an integrated approach including childhood trauma should be considered.
{"title":"Somatic symptoms, functionality, and bipolar disorder type 1: The role of childhood trauma","authors":"N. U. Usta Sağlam","doi":"10.14744/dajpns.2023.00209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/dajpns.2023.00209","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Somatic symptoms, with the heterogeneous character that are not fully explained by a medical condition, are common in bipolar disorder type-1 (BD-1) which might interfere with the choice of treatment, health-care utilization, medical costs as well as functionality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate association of somatic symptoms with sociodemographic-clin-ical features, functionality, and childhood trauma in remitted BD-1. Method: After excluding patients with medical comorbidities, 61 patients diagnosed with BD-1 according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders participated in the study. We required at least 8 weeks of remission and confirmed it with hamilton depression rating scale and young mania rating scale. Somatization Scale, functioning assessment short test (FAST), and childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) were administered to the participants. Results: Somatization scores were significantly correlated with CTQ-total (r=0.323, p=0.011) and FAST-total (r=0.278, p=0.03), while inversely correlated with years in education (r=-0.395, p=0.002). When a partial correlation was run to determine the relationship between somatization and functioning, while controlling for childhood trauma, there was no statistically significant correlation between somatization and functioning (p=0.076). Conclusion: Our study suggests that childhood trauma may have an influence on the relationship between somatization and functionality in patients with BD-1. When addressing somatic symptoms in patients with BD, an integrated approach including childhood trauma should be considered.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81442513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14744/dajpns.2022.00200
I. Myin-Germeys
{"title":"Can digital tools improve clinical care in psychiatry?","authors":"I. Myin-Germeys","doi":"10.14744/dajpns.2022.00200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/dajpns.2022.00200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84334392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14744/dajpns.2023.00212
Nilay Gül Bal
Objective: Maternal burnout is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that arises when the stress associated with motherhood surpasses coping resources. This novel and distinct clinical phenomenon differs from anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to adapt the Maternal Burnout Scale (MBS) for Turkish mothers and examine its validity and reliability. Method: This methodological study involved 350 mothers. The World Health Organization (WHO) back translation method, also known as reverse translation, was employed for the translation process. Confirmatory factor analysis and parallel scale validity were used to assess the scale’s validity. Reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the test-retest method. Correlation tests were employed for comparisons. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis validated the original scale’s three-factor structure, consisting of 15 items ( χ 2 /SD: 3,180). The prevalence of maternal burnout in this study was 39.4%. Working mothers exhibited significantly higher maternal burnout levels compared to non-working mothers, while a strong positive correlation was observed between parental stress levels and maternal burnout levels. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Maternal Burnout Scale (T-MBS) was determined to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing maternal burnout. The prevalence of maternal burnout in the Turkish population exceeded that of previous studies. For the prevention and management of maternal burnout, improving the knowledge and support of health professionals will be an important step to protect women’s and family health. It is expected that future studies with this scale will carry the concept of “mother burnout” into legal processes and regulations.
{"title":"Validation and reliability process of the preliminary form of the Maternal Burnout Scale in Turkish Mothers (T-MBS)","authors":"Nilay Gül Bal","doi":"10.14744/dajpns.2023.00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/dajpns.2023.00212","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Maternal burnout is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that arises when the stress associated with motherhood surpasses coping resources. This novel and distinct clinical phenomenon differs from anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to adapt the Maternal Burnout Scale (MBS) for Turkish mothers and examine its validity and reliability. Method: This methodological study involved 350 mothers. The World Health Organization (WHO) back translation method, also known as reverse translation, was employed for the translation process. Confirmatory factor analysis and parallel scale validity were used to assess the scale’s validity. Reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the test-retest method. Correlation tests were employed for comparisons. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis validated the original scale’s three-factor structure, consisting of 15 items ( χ 2 /SD: 3,180). The prevalence of maternal burnout in this study was 39.4%. Working mothers exhibited significantly higher maternal burnout levels compared to non-working mothers, while a strong positive correlation was observed between parental stress levels and maternal burnout levels. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Maternal Burnout Scale (T-MBS) was determined to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing maternal burnout. The prevalence of maternal burnout in the Turkish population exceeded that of previous studies. For the prevention and management of maternal burnout, improving the knowledge and support of health professionals will be an important step to protect women’s and family health. It is expected that future studies with this scale will carry the concept of “mother burnout” into legal processes and regulations.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79626458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.14744/dajpns.2023.00207
H. Ryland
Numerous clinical assessment instruments have been developed to assist mental health clinicians which quantify parameters related to patients’ diagnosis, prognosis, risk assessment, and outcome measurement (1-5). In forensic settings, there has been a particular focus over the last few decades on assessing risk and measuring outcomes (6,7). This is understandable given the risk profiles of the users of such services, services’ public protection role, and the need to demonstrate effectiveness, given the high financial and human costs involved (8). The correct instruments used effectively have the potential to improve patient care, support service improvement, and aid research (9). In some forensic settings, the use of certain instruments is mandated by commissioners or other agencies, such as insurers (10). For example, NHS England requires providers of forensic mental health services in England to report data on the use of the Historical, Clinical, Risk 20 (HCR 20) structured professional judgment tool (11) and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale Secure (Secure) outcome measure (12). Questions have been raised about the additional burden on clinicians this creates and whether this translates to benefits that justify the cost (13). Where instruments are optional, uptake has been linked to the acceptability to clinicians, which in turn depends on how quick and easy instruments are to use (14). Forensic mental health services worldwide are increasingly stretched, with many struggling to secure sufficient resources to provide high quality care (15,16). A workforce crisis affects multiple relevant professional groups in these contexts, including medical and nursing staff (17,18). Bureaucratic processes related to the commissioning and quality assurance of services can add to the demands on staff, increasing the risk of burnout and distract staff from providing compassionate care to their patients (19,20). This makes it difficult to justify requiring that any additional instruments be used and emphasizes the need to optimize the relevance of data generated from those that are implemented. The development of clinical assessment instruments is often inadequate, with those promoted in practice frequently created many years previously using outdated methods (7,21). It is essential that the context of use is considered from the beginning of the design process and carried through to implementation (22). Central to this must be thinking about how instruments can be effectively integrated into routine clinical practice so that they contribute meaningfully to patient care, while adding as little as possible to clinicians’ workload (23). The development process for both risk assessments and outcome measures begins with the conceptualization of the instrument itself (24). Careful thought must be given to selecting items based on empirical evidence. Items must also have good face validity, be easy to accurately ascertain, and cover all important dimensions of i
{"title":"The importance of scalable, evidence-based clinical assessment instruments in forensic psychiatry","authors":"H. Ryland","doi":"10.14744/dajpns.2023.00207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/dajpns.2023.00207","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous clinical assessment instruments have been developed to assist mental health clinicians which quantify parameters related to patients’ diagnosis, prognosis, risk assessment, and outcome measurement (1-5). In forensic settings, there has been a particular focus over the last few decades on assessing risk and measuring outcomes (6,7). This is understandable given the risk profiles of the users of such services, services’ public protection role, and the need to demonstrate effectiveness, given the high financial and human costs involved (8). The correct instruments used effectively have the potential to improve patient care, support service improvement, and aid research (9). In some forensic settings, the use of certain instruments is mandated by commissioners or other agencies, such as insurers (10). For example, NHS England requires providers of forensic mental health services in England to report data on the use of the Historical, Clinical, Risk 20 (HCR 20) structured professional judgment tool (11) and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale Secure (Secure) outcome measure (12). Questions have been raised about the additional burden on clinicians this creates and whether this translates to benefits that justify the cost (13). Where instruments are optional, uptake has been linked to the acceptability to clinicians, which in turn depends on how quick and easy instruments are to use (14). Forensic mental health services worldwide are increasingly stretched, with many struggling to secure sufficient resources to provide high quality care (15,16). A workforce crisis affects multiple relevant professional groups in these contexts, including medical and nursing staff (17,18). Bureaucratic processes related to the commissioning and quality assurance of services can add to the demands on staff, increasing the risk of burnout and distract staff from providing compassionate care to their patients (19,20). This makes it difficult to justify requiring that any additional instruments be used and emphasizes the need to optimize the relevance of data generated from those that are implemented. The development of clinical assessment instruments is often inadequate, with those promoted in practice frequently created many years previously using outdated methods (7,21). It is essential that the context of use is considered from the beginning of the design process and carried through to implementation (22). Central to this must be thinking about how instruments can be effectively integrated into routine clinical practice so that they contribute meaningfully to patient care, while adding as little as possible to clinicians’ workload (23). The development process for both risk assessments and outcome measures begins with the conceptualization of the instrument itself (24). Careful thought must be given to selecting items based on empirical evidence. Items must also have good face validity, be easy to accurately ascertain, and cover all important dimensions of i","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75083493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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