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Filter feeding by oysters reduces disease transmission in a marine host–parasite system 牡蛎的滤食减少了海洋宿主-寄生虫系统中的疾病传播。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70281
Xuqing Chen, David D. Jones, Claire F. Limjoco, Maya L. Groner, Kimberly S. Reece, Jeffrey D. Shields

As a mechanism of the dilution effect, predation and filter feeding on parasitic propagules are hypothesized to reduce transmission to susceptible hosts and alter host–parasite interactions. In marine systems, the effect of other community members on the disease dynamics of microparasites in their suitable hosts is poorly known. In a coastal estuarine host–parasite system, we examined how eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, affect the transmission of a parasitic dinoflagellate, Hematodinium perezi, to juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus. We deployed juvenile blue crabs in custom mesh bags that were sandwiched by oysters into holo-endemic areas, or areas with high endemic transmission for the parasite in juvenile hosts. Controls consisted of juvenile crabs deployed with an equivalent number of oyster shells to test for the effect of rugosity on transmission and crabs deployed alone. Deployments lasted 7–13 days and were done over different temporal and spatial scales. Results from the field deployments suggest that oysters, not shells, reduced the probability of infection to crab hosts. To investigate consumption in the laboratory, single oysters in 1 L aquaria were fed dinospores of H. perezi released from infected crabs. Oysters reduced parasite densities in the water at rates similar to those observed for a common phytoplankton, Tetraselmis chui, that is grown specifically as oyster food. Our results jointly support that oysters benefit adjacent community members through feeding on transmissive stages of their pathogens and highlight the need for additional field-based approaches addressing environmental heterogeneity in pathogen transmission.

作为稀释效应的一种机制,寄生繁殖体的捕食和滤食被假设为减少对易感宿主的传播并改变宿主与寄生虫的相互作用。在海洋系统中,其他群落成员对微寄生虫在其合适宿主中的疾病动态的影响尚不清楚。在沿海河口宿主-寄生虫系统中,我们研究了东部牡蛎(Crassostrea virginica)如何影响寄生鞭毛藻(Hematodinium perezi)向幼年蓝蟹(Callinectes sapidus)的传播。我们将蓝蟹幼蟹装在定制的网袋中,夹在牡蛎中,将其放入全流行区,或在幼蟹宿主中寄生虫高流行传播的地区。对照由幼蟹和同等数量的牡蛎壳组成,以测试粗糙性对传播的影响,螃蟹单独部署。部署持续了7-13天,在不同的时间和空间尺度上进行。实地部署的结果表明,牡蛎,而不是贝壳,降低了螃蟹宿主感染的可能性。为了在实验室调查食用情况,对1 L水族箱的单牡蛎进行了饲养,饲养对象是受感染的蟹释放的佩雷氏孢子虫。牡蛎降低水中寄生虫密度的速度与观察到的一种常见的浮游植物——龙螺(Tetraselmis chui)的速度相似,龙螺是专门作为牡蛎的食物种植的。我们的研究结果共同支持牡蛎通过摄食其病原体的传播阶段而使邻近的社区成员受益,并强调需要额外的基于现场的方法来解决病原体传播的环境异质性。
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引用次数: 0
Phytochemical diversity and seasonality are associated with a critical transition in plant–herbivore network structure 植物化学多样性和季节性与植物-食草动物网络结构的关键转变有关。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70282
Leandro G. Cosmo, Kate P. Maia, Paulo R. Guimarães Jr., Martin Pareja

Understanding critical transitions in ecological systems is fundamental for addressing various natural phenomena, from population outbreaks to sudden ecosystem collapses. Ecological interactions are key drivers of these transitions, and theory suggests that the networks formed by these interactions can undergo their own critical transition. By examining interactions between plant individuals and insect species in a tropical forest, we first identified a critical network structural transition between the rainy and dry seasons. Next, we showed that seasonal changes and the phytochemical diversity of plants are associated with this transition. Finally, we quantified the consequences of the critical transition, which significantly increases the number of pathways and the potential for cascading effects among plants and herbivores in the network. Our findings reveal that ecological networks can experience abrupt changes on shorter timescales than previously recognized, with profound implications for cascading effects and the impacts of human-induced perturbations on the stability of ecological assemblages.

了解生态系统的关键转变是解决各种自然现象的基础,从人口爆发到生态系统的突然崩溃。生态相互作用是这些转变的关键驱动因素,理论表明,由这些相互作用形成的网络可以经历它们自己的关键转变。通过研究热带森林中植物个体和昆虫物种之间的相互作用,我们首次确定了雨季和旱季之间的关键网络结构转变。接下来,我们展示了季节变化和植物的植物化学多样性与这种转变有关。最后,我们量化了关键转变的后果,这显著增加了通路的数量和网络中植物和食草动物之间级联效应的潜力。我们的研究结果表明,生态网络可以在比以前认识到的更短的时间尺度上经历突变,这对级联效应和人为扰动对生态组合稳定性的影响具有深远的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Native trees are related to advanced bird breeding phenology and increased reproductive success along an urban gradient 原生树木与先进的鸟类繁殖物候和沿城市梯度增加的繁殖成功率有关。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70294
Claire J. Branston, Pablo Capilla-Lasheras, Conor Haugh, Paul J. Baker, Rachel Reid, Kate Griffiths, Stewart White, Davide M. Dominoni

Urban areas are altered from natural landscapes in several ways that can impact wildlife. Birds are widespread in urban areas, and it is well documented that there are phenotypic differences between urban and non-urban conspecifics. However, little is known about which characteristics of the urban environment are driving differences. We used 9 years of data from nest boxes spread across 20 sites along a 40-km urban–non-urban gradient in Scotland to test whether characteristics of the urban environment (native, non-native, native oak (Quercus spp.), birch (Betula spp.) foliage availability, temperature and human population density, and the interaction between foliage and temperature) influenced phenology and reproductive success in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). We found that higher foliage availability of native foliage, and specifically of the most common native genus, oak, was associated at the territory level with earlier first egg laying date. Higher non-native foliage availability at both a site and territory level was negatively related to clutch size. The number of fledglings produced was reduced at sites with higher levels of non-native foliage and increased at sites with greater amounts of native oak foliage present. We also found territories with a higher human population density had reduced fledging success. Temperature was negatively related to first egg laying date, clutch size and the number of fledglings produced. Moreover, the number of Lepidopteran larvae, blue tits' preferred prey, that were collected over the breeding season was positively related to native oak foliage availability. Our results strongly indicate that the presence of native trees, such as oak, are beneficial to breeding insectivores by increasing the number of fledglings they can successfully raise, likely due to the increased availability of invertebrate prey. We suggest that urban planting regimes should be carefully considered, selecting tree species that are native or non-native congeneric species, and most importantly that will host Lepidoptera larvae. This will not only help to support complete food chains, but also to maximize biodiversity and ecosystem services of urban green spaces.

城市地区的自然景观在几个方面发生了变化,这可能会影响到野生动物。鸟类在城市地区广泛分布,并且有充分的文献证明城市和非城市同种鸟类之间存在表型差异。然而,对于城市环境的哪些特征导致了差异,人们知之甚少。我们使用了苏格兰沿着40公里的城市-非城市梯度分布在20个地点的巢箱9年的数据,以测试城市环境的特征(原生,非原生,原生橡树(Quercus spp.),桦树(Betula spp.)的叶片可用性,温度和人口密度以及叶片与温度之间的相互作用)是否影响蓝山雀(Cyanistes caeruleus)的物候学和繁殖成功。我们发现,在领地水平上,本地树叶的高可利用性,特别是最常见的本地属橡树,与较早的首次产卵日期有关。在立地和领地水平上,较高的非本地叶片可利用性与卵落大小呈负相关。在非本土栎树叶含量较高的地点,雏鸟数量减少,而在本土栎树叶含量较高的地点,雏鸟数量增加。我们还发现,在人口密度较高的地区,羽翼成活率较低。温度与首产蛋日期、窝数和雏鸟产仔数呈负相关。此外,蓝山雀的首选猎物鳞翅目幼虫在繁殖季节的数量与当地橡树叶的可用性呈正相关。我们的研究结果强烈表明,原生树木(如橡树)的存在有利于繁殖食虫动物,因为它们可以成功地饲养雏鸟的数量增加,这可能是由于无脊椎动物猎物的可用性增加。我们建议城市种植应慎重考虑,选择本地或非本地同源树种,最重要的是要有鳞翅目幼虫。这不仅有助于支持完整的食物链,而且还将最大限度地提高城市绿地的生物多样性和生态系统服务。
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引用次数: 0
Unifying microorganisms and macrograzers in intertidal rocky shore ecological networks 潮间带岩岸生态网络中微生物和大型食草动物的统一
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70275
Clara Arboleda-Baena, Claudia Belén Pareja, Javiera Poblete, Eric L. Berlow, Hugo Sarmento, Ramiro Logares, Rodrigo De la Iglesia, Sergio A. Navarrete

Over the past decades, our understanding of the vital role microbes play in ecosystem processes has greatly expanded. However, we still have limited knowledge about how microbial communities interact with larger organisms. Many existing representations of microbial interactions are based on co-occurrence patterns, which do not provide clear insights into trophic or non-trophic relationships. In this study, we untangled trophic and non-trophic interactions between macroscopic and microscopic organisms on a marine rocky shore. Five abundant mollusk grazers were selected, and their consumptive (grazing) and nonconsumptive (grazer pedal mucus) interactions with bacteria in biofilms were measured using 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing. While no significant effects on a commonly used measure of biofilm grazing (chlorophyll a concentration) were observed, detailed image analysis revealed that all grazers had a detrimental impact on biofilm cover. Moreover, different grazers exhibited distinct effects on various bacterial groups. Members of the Alteromonadaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Halieaceae, Phycisphaeraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Rickettsiaceae, Saprospiraceae, and Vibrionaceae families experienced positive trophic effects from specific grazers. In contrast, members of the Flavobacteriaceae, Pirellulaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Rubritaleaceae, and Saprospiraceae families were negatively affected by trophic interactions with other grazers. Some members of the Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriaceae, Ilumatobacteraceae, Pirellulaceae, Rickettsiales, Rhodobacteraceae, and Rubritaleaceae families exhibited non-trophic positive interactions with specific grazers. Meanwhile, members of the Family DEV007 (Verrucomicrobiales), Flavobacteriaceae, Ilumatobacteraceae, Legionellaceae, Rickettsiales, Rhodobacteraceae, Saprospiraceae, and Xanthobacteraceae families exhibited non-trophic negative interactions with particular grazers. Both trophic and non-trophic interactions shift the microbial community toward enhanced recycling, energy efficiency, and stress resilience. Grazer activity, through biomass removal and exudates like pedal mucus, reduces photosynthetic groups like diatoms, halting dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) production and negatively impacting sulfur-cycling bacteria and associated parasites. This research complements the ecological network of the intertidal rocky shore in central Chile and represents the first attempt to construct an interaction network between macroorganisms and bacteria. It reveals that the strength of trophic and non-trophic interactions varies depending on the grazer and bacterial group involved. While some bacterial groups responded broadly, others showed specialized responses to specific macroorganisms. Overall, this study highlights the potential for integrating microbes into ecological networks, offering valuable insights methodologies for quantifying interactions across domains.

在过去的几十年里,我们对微生物在生态系统过程中所起的重要作用的理解已经大大扩展。然而,我们对微生物群落如何与更大的生物相互作用的了解仍然有限。微生物相互作用的许多现有表征是基于共生模式的,这并不能提供对营养或非营养关系的清晰见解。在这项研究中,我们解开了海洋岩石岸边宏观和微观生物之间的营养和非营养相互作用。选取5种丰富的软体动物为研究对象,利用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术,测定了它们与生物膜中细菌的消耗性(放牧)和非消耗性(食草动物脚蹬粘液)相互作用。虽然没有观察到对常用的生物膜放牧测量(叶绿素a浓度)的显著影响,但详细的图像分析显示,所有食草动物对生物膜覆盖都有不利影响。此外,不同的食草动物对不同的细菌群有不同的影响。Alteromonadaceae、Burkholderiaceae、Flavobacteriaceae、Halieaceae、physcisphaeraceae、Rhodobacteraceae、立克次体(立克次体)aceae、Saprospiraceae和Vibrionaceae家族的成员从特定的食草动物那里获得了积极的营养效应。与此相反,黄杆菌科、Pirellulaceae、红杆菌科、Rubritaleaceae和Saprospiraceae的成员受到与其他食草动物营养相互作用的负面影响。γ变形菌科、黄杆菌科、光杆菌科、Pirellulaceae、立克次菌科、红杆菌科和Rubritaleaceae科的一些成员与特定的食草动物表现出非营养性的积极相互作用。与此同时,DEV007家族(Verrucomicrobiales)、黄杆菌科、绿光杆菌科、军团菌科、立克次体菌科、红杆菌科、腐霉菌科和黄杆菌科的成员与特定食草动物表现出非营养性负相互作用。营养性和非营养性相互作用都使微生物群落朝着提高循环利用、能源效率和应激恢复能力的方向转变。食草动物的活动,通过去除生物量和分泌物(如脚蹬粘液),减少了硅藻等光合作用群,停止了二甲基磺酰丙酸(DMSP)的产生,并对硫循环细菌和相关寄生虫产生了负面影响。这项研究补充了智利中部潮间带岩岸的生态网络,代表了构建大型生物和细菌之间相互作用网络的第一次尝试。它揭示了营养和非营养相互作用的强度取决于所涉及的食草动物和细菌群。虽然一些细菌群反应广泛,但其他细菌群对特定的微生物表现出专门的反应。总的来说,这项研究强调了将微生物整合到生态网络中的潜力,为量化跨领域的相互作用提供了有价值的见解和方法。
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引用次数: 0
Reliance on blue, green, and brown energy channels drives a shift in the trophic position of riparian spiders 对蓝色、绿色和棕色能量通道的依赖推动了河岸蜘蛛营养地位的转变
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70264
Grégoire Saboret, Bastiaan J. W. Drost, Carmen Kowarik, Maja Ilić, Martin M. Gossner, Carsten J. Schubert

Understanding the mechanisms shaping food chain length (FCL) has long been central to food web ecology. FCL is a key determinant of stability, energy flow efficiency, and biodiversity maintenance, but there is an ongoing debate about its underlying drivers. It is particularly important in meta-ecosystems, where predator trophic position (TP) is influenced by multiple energy channels. In this study, we focused on spiders in riparian ecosystems, which rely on resources linked to distinct energy channels: blue (algal herbivory), green (terrestrial herbivory), and brown (terrestrial detritivory). We applied nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids to estimate the TP of both spiders and their prey. This method is a powerful tool for determining TP from a single sample and even allows for capturing decomposer trophic steps. However, the TP estimate requires special care for riparian spiders, as spiders show a specific trophic discrimination factor (TDFGlx-Phe), and that energy channel use can confound the TP estimate. Our detailed food web resolution supports the use of specific parameters for spiders, particularly the low trophic discrimination factor (TDFGlx-Phe ~ 2‰), and raises caution about the importance of estimating resource use of predators to estimate their TP. We show that the primary factor driving variation in spider TP is the energy channel they utilize, from blue (TP ~ 2.9) to green (TP ~ 3.6) to brown (TP ~ 4.1). This increase was largely due to prey omnivory in green channels, and microbial and fungal decomposers serving as an initial trophic step between litter and invertebrate detritivores in brown channels. We propose that this pattern is likely influenced by differences in basal nutritional quality, which increases from brown (low) to green (medium) and to blue (high) sources. This suggests that shifts in energy channels within meta-ecosystems in the course of global change (e.g., climate warming, eutrophication and land-use change) may significantly impact FCL, with significant consequences for trophic interactions, nutrient fluxes, and biomagnification processes.

了解形成食物链长度(FCL)的机制一直是食物网生态学的核心。FCL是稳定性、能量流效率和生物多样性维持的关键决定因素,但关于其潜在驱动因素的争论正在进行中。在捕食者营养位置(TP)受多种能量通道影响的元生态系统中,这一点尤为重要。在这项研究中,我们关注的是河岸生态系统中的蜘蛛,它们依赖于与不同能量通道相关的资源:蓝色(藻类食草),绿色(陆生食草)和棕色(陆生腐肉)。我们应用氨基酸氮同位素分析来估计蜘蛛及其猎物的总磷。这种方法是一种强大的工具,可以从单个样品中确定总磷,甚至可以捕获分解者的营养步骤。然而,总磷估算需要特别注意河岸蜘蛛,因为蜘蛛表现出特定的营养区分因子(TDF Glx‐Phe),而能量通道的使用可能会混淆总磷估算。我们详细的食物网分辨率支持使用蜘蛛的特定参数,特别是低营养区分因子(TDF Glx‐Phe ~ 2‰),并提出了估计捕食者资源利用对估计其总磷的重要性的警告。结果表明,驱动蜘蛛TP变化的主要因素是它们利用的能量通道,从蓝色(TP ~ 2.9)到绿色(TP ~ 3.6)再到棕色(TP ~ 4.1)。这种增加主要是由于绿色通道中猎物的杂食性,以及棕色通道中微生物和真菌分解者作为凋落物和无脊椎腐食动物之间的初始营养步骤。我们认为这种模式可能受到基础营养质量差异的影响,基础营养质量从棕色(低)到绿色(中)和蓝色(高)来源增加。这表明,在全球变化过程中(如气候变暖、富营养化和土地利用变化),元生态系统内能量通道的变化可能会显著影响FCL,对营养相互作用、养分通量和生物放大过程产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Trait space and compactness: A new perspective on explaining variations in primary productivity 性状空间与紧凑性:解释初级生产力变化的新视角。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70278
Jiahui Zhang, Kailiang Yu, Markus Reichstein, Li Xu, Ian J. Wright, Mirco Migliavacca, Ulisse Gomarasca, Daniel C. Laughlin, Xiaoyu Cen, Congcong Liu, Honglin He, Nianpeng He

A fundamental question in ecology is why plant communities have large trait space yet strong coordination among those traits across large scales, despite these patterns seeming contradictory. Answering this question requires quantitatively linking the geographic distribution of trait space and coordination with gross primary productivity (GPP). We leveraged an unprecedented large-scale dataset of nine leaf traits for 5718 species-site combinations with simultaneous field measurements of plant community composition in 64 naturally assembled communities to investigate trait spaces (hypervolume, quantity dimension) and trait compactness (coordination, efficiency dimension) and their influence on GPP. Trait space and compactness combined explained 72% of the variation of GPP. Interestingly, a larger trait space (more diverse trait combinations) drove higher GPP in resource-poor communities, while higher trait compactness (greater coordination of traits) determined higher GPP in resource-rich communities. Our findings provide a new perspective that natural plant communities increase both trait space and compactness to improve GPP, shedding light on the development of multidimensional functional ecology.

生态学的一个基本问题是,为什么植物群落有很大的性状空间,而这些性状之间在大尺度上有很强的协调,尽管这些模式看起来是矛盾的。回答这一问题需要将性状空间的地理分布及其协调性与总初级生产力(GPP)定量联系起来。利用空前大规模的5718个种址组合的9个叶片性状数据集,同时对64个自然聚集群落的植物群落组成进行实地测量,研究性状空间(超体积、数量维度)和性状紧密度(协调、效率维度)及其对GPP的影响。性状空间和紧凑度共同解释了GPP变异的72%。有趣的是,在资源贫乏的群落中,更大的性状空间(更多样化的性状组合)推动了更高的GPP,而在资源丰富的群落中,更高的性状紧凑度(更大的性状协调)决定了更高的GPP。我们的研究结果提供了一个新的视角,即天然植物群落通过增加性状空间和紧凑度来提高GPP,从而揭示了多维功能生态学的发展。
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引用次数: 0
How strong is enemy release? A systematic compilation across taxa and approaches 敌人的释放有多强?跨分类群和方法的系统汇编
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70276
Karen Zeng, Jessica Schembri, Eve Slavich, Angela T. Moles

The enemy release hypothesis posits that introduced species escape some of their predators, pathogens, and parasites when they move to a new range. We used a systematic review to compile data from 691 contrasts of enemy release spanning plants, animals, and algae in aquatic and terrestrial systems worldwide. Data from 311 biogeographic contrasts (between home and new range) revealed that on average, a species experiences only 43% as much enemy pressure in their introduced range as they experience in their native range. Data from 380 community contrasts (between native and introduced species) revealed that introduced species experience on average 70% of the enemy pressure that their native congeners endure. Interestingly, one third (36%) of contrasts showed higher, rather than lower, enemy pressure on the introduced population. Enemy release was well supported in contrasts of the diversity of enemies and enemy damage but not significant in contrasts of host fitness, suggesting that while introduced populations are attacked by fewer enemies, this does not always result in higher fitness. We also found that biogeographic enemy release was higher in mollusks and fish but lower in insects and algae, indicating that certain taxa may be favored by enemy release. We hope that an improved understanding of the extent to which introduced species are released from enemy pressures will help managers to identify good opportunities for biocontrol and to understand the factors likely to be affecting the success of invasive species.

敌人释放假说认为,引入的物种在迁移到一个新的范围时,会逃离一些捕食者、病原体和寄生虫。我们采用了一种系统的回顾方法,收集了691种植物、动物和藻类在全球水生和陆生系统中释放敌人的对比数据。来自311个生物地理对比(在原栖息地和新栖息地之间)的数据显示,平均而言,一个物种在被引入的栖息地受到的敌人压力只有它们在原栖息地受到的压力的43%。来自380个群落对比(本地物种和引进物种之间)的数据显示,引进物种承受的敌人压力平均是其本地同系物承受的70%。有趣的是,三分之一(36%)的对比显示,外来种群面临的敌人压力更高,而不是更低。敌人释放在敌人多样性和敌人伤害的对比中得到了很好的支持,但在宿主适应度的对比中却不显著,这表明虽然引入的种群受到较少敌人的攻击,但这并不总是导致更高的适应度。我们还发现,软体动物和鱼类的生物地理天敌释放量较高,而昆虫和藻类的生物地理天敌释放量较低,这表明某些分类群可能更倾向于天敌释放。我们希望对引进物种从敌人压力中释放的程度的更好理解将有助于管理人员确定生物防治的良好机会,并了解可能影响入侵物种成功的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Thermophilization over space but not time among communities of ground-dwelling arthropods in a desert city 沙漠城市中陆生节肢动物群落的空间而非时间上的热干燥化。
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70283
Sarah E. Diamond, Ryan A. Martin, Annika J. Avery, Grace Bellino, David Fleming, Kevin E. McCluney, Eric G. Prileson, Matthew Sasaki

Thermophilization of communities, or shifts in composition favoring more warm-adapted species, over time and space is a common response to warming from global climate change and localized effects of land-use change. However, the interplay between community thermophilization driven by temporal warming in global climate and spatial warming in local climate is not well explored empirically. Here, we use long-term ecological monitoring of ground-dwelling arthropod communities over twenty years, sited in desert and urbanized habitats, to address the joint effects of spatiotemporal warming on community thermophilization. We found spatial convergence of high community thermophily among warm desert and highly urbanized sites, implicating temperature as a major driver of community composition. However, we found unexpected temporal declines in community thermophily, the magnitude of which depended upon space. Declines were found in urbanized sites, but not desert sites. There was evidence of both increases in occurrence of heat-intolerant taxa and decreases in heat-tolerant taxa from urban sites. Our study demonstrates the contingency of responses to recent climate change based on contemporary land-use change.

随着时间和空间的推移,群落的热干化,或组成的变化,有利于更适应温暖的物种,是对全球气候变化和土地利用变化的局部影响造成的变暖的共同反应。然而,全球气候时间变暖与局地气候空间变暖之间的相互作用尚未得到实证研究。本研究通过对荒漠和城市化生境中地面节肢动物群落20多年的长期生态监测,探讨了时空变暖对群落热干化的共同影响。我们发现,在温暖的沙漠和高度城市化的地点,高群落喜热性的空间收敛,暗示温度是群落组成的主要驱动因素。然而,我们发现了意想不到的群落热性下降,其幅度取决于空间。在城市化地区,但在沙漠地区则没有。有证据表明,城市样地耐热分类群的数量增加,耐热分类群的数量减少。我们的研究展示了基于当代土地利用变化的近期气候变化响应的偶然性。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental gradients drive convergence in life history strategies among disparate but coevolved taxonomic groups 环境梯度驱动不同但共同进化的分类群体的生活史策略趋同
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70273
Carla L. Atkinson, Alex J. Franzen, Garrett W. Hopper, Jonathan W. Lopez, Zachery D. Zbinden, Caryn C. Vaughn

Trait-based approaches can improve ecological understanding by linking fitness to the environment. The trilateral life history model is an expansion of r- and K-selection theory that reflects trade-offs between juvenile survival, fecundity, and generation time and describes differential survival of species across environmental gradients. We used this framework to generate and test hypotheses regarding community assembly and the validity of such a model in two disparate taxonomic groups, freshwater mussels and fish. We assessed the distribution of mussel and fish life history strategies across 80 sites spanning aspects of the river continuum concept within the Ouachita Highlands (USA) and asked if their distributions are predicted by a similar life history strategy framework. Because mussel and fish assemblages should both be structured by selective forces in an up- to downstream trajectory, we expected both taxa to converge on more species-rich assemblages with a greater proportion of equilibrium strategists in larger, more stable downstream habitats. We found that both mussel and fish species richness increased with watershed area as well as the proportion of equilibrium strategists in the assemblages. Our study validates the use of the trilateral life history model to test hypotheses about the distribution patterns of two coevolved taxonomic groups.

基于性状的方法可以通过将适应度与环境联系起来来提高对生态的理解。三边生活史模型是对r -和K -选择理论的扩展,反映了幼崽生存、繁殖力和世代时间之间的权衡,并描述了不同环境梯度下物种的差异生存。我们使用这个框架来生成和测试关于群落组装的假设,以及这种模型在两个不同的分类群体,淡水贻贝和鱼类中的有效性。我们评估了美国瓦希塔高地80个地点贻贝和鱼类生活史策略的分布,这些地点涵盖了河流连续体概念的各个方面,并询问它们的分布是否可以通过类似的生活史策略框架来预测。由于贻贝和鱼类的组合都是在向上到下游的轨迹中由选择力构建的,我们预计这两个分类群将在更大、更稳定的下游栖息地中收敛于更丰富的物种组合和更大比例的平衡策略。贻贝和鱼类的物种丰富度随流域面积的增加而增加,平衡策略在组合中的比例也随流域面积的增加而增加。我们的研究验证了使用三边生活史模型来检验关于两个共同进化的分类群体分布模式的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Algal assemblage drives patterns in ecosystem structure but not metabolism in a productive river 藻类组合驱动生态系统结构的模式,而不是生产力河流的代谢模式
IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70262
Alice M. Carter, Robert O. Hall Jr., Rafael Feijó-Lima, Michael DeGrandpre, Qipei Shangguan, H. Maurice Valett

Algal dynamics are fundamental drivers of lotic ecosystem processes. Although rivers tend to be heterotrophic and have low standing stocks of autotrophic biomass, filamentous algae can cause nuisance algal blooms that alter the structure of the autotrophic assemblage. Still, the influence of these blooms on ecosystem processes can be variable. Here, we examined the structural and functional contribution of filamentous and epilithic algae by linking algal biomass measurements to daily primary production fluxes throughout two growing seasons in six sites along the Upper Clark Fork River, an open canopy, snow melt river in western Montana, USA. We partitioned daily productivity estimates across different algal groups using the spatial and temporal variability in algal assemblages across our six sites. By using reach-scale metabolism estimates, we assessed the in situ functional rates of individual algal groups. Throughout two growing seasons, we measured high fluxes of ecosystem productivity and spatially variable filamentous algal blooms. We found that the filamentous algal blooms determined the ecosystem structure in terms of total biomass and algal turnover times, but not the ecosystem functions of gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, or net production. Whole-reach estimates of epilithic and filamentous algae growth rates were 0.30 and 0.026 day1$$ {}^{-1} $$ respectively, which are similar to rates measured in mesocosms. The epilithic algae grew and turned over rapidly, dominating total biomass production and driving ecosystem function while filamentous algae grew slowly and built up large amounts of biomass during a growing season, shaping the structure, but not function, of the ecosystem.

藻类动力学是生态系统过程的基本驱动力。虽然河流往往是异养的,自养生物量的存储量很低,但丝状藻类可以引起有害的藻华,改变自养组合的结构。尽管如此,这些水华对生态系统过程的影响是可变的。在这里,我们通过将藻类生物量测量与两个生长季节的每日初级生产通量联系起来,在美国蒙大拿州西部克拉克福克河上游的六个地点,研究了丝状和鳞藻的结构和功能贡献。克拉克福克河是一条开放的冠层融雪河。我们利用六个地点藻类组合的时空变异性对不同藻类群体的日常生产力进行了划分。通过使用可达尺度代谢估计,我们评估了单个藻类群体的原位功能率。在两个生长季节,我们测量了生态系统生产力的高通量和空间可变的丝状藻华。我们发现,丝状藻华决定了总生物量和藻类周转时间的生态系统结构,而不是总初级生产力、生态系统呼吸或净产量的生态系统功能。鳞藻和丝状藻的全河段生长速率估计分别为0.30天和0.026天,这与中生态系统的生长速率相似。鳞藻生长和翻转迅速,主导了总生物量生产,驱动了生态系统功能,而丝状藻生长缓慢,在一个生长季节积累了大量生物量,塑造了生态系统的结构,而不是功能。
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引用次数: 0
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Ecology
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