This paper describes a project to upgrade the file-transmission capabilities of a system using modem-linked PC's to acquire production data in remote oilfields and subsequently transfer these data to an area production office for further processing. The method initially specified for accomplishing this task failed repeatedly under adverse conditions. After the modems and file-transfer software were replaced, communications became much more reliable, and the time required to transfer files was reduced by orders of magnitude, resulting in a corresponding reduction in telecommunications costs. The technology described is applicable to any computer-based system doing file transfers, particularly in areas with suboptimum telephone networks.
{"title":"Efficient Field-Computer File Transfer Methods for Suboptimum Conditions","authors":"L. Sisk","doi":"10.2118/22298-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/22298-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a project to upgrade the file-transmission capabilities of a system using modem-linked PC's to acquire production data in remote oilfields and subsequently transfer these data to an area production office for further processing. The method initially specified for accomplishing this task failed repeatedly under adverse conditions. After the modems and file-transfer software were replaced, communications became much more reliable, and the time required to transfer files was reduced by orders of magnitude, resulting in a corresponding reduction in telecommunications costs. The technology described is applicable to any computer-based system doing file transfers, particularly in areas with suboptimum telephone networks.","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131651225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports that coalbeds have long been known to contain natural gas in varying amounts. To the mining industry, this is basically a hazard to be controlled and avoided where possible. To the petroleum industry, it is an exploitable resource that holds significant economic potential because of shallow drilling and the promising of long well life. The variability of coal as a gas reservoir raises the need for oil and gas-well explorers to develop the capability of evaluating coalbed gas content to identify and produce coal gas plays. Current petrophysical models for gas reservoir analysis in traditional clastic or carbonate environments are notable inadequate for evaluation of gas content in coal beds. However, numerous physical models exist for coals throughout the country, primarily from the efforts of the mining industry. A theoretical model was chosen and used to establish a method for evaluating gas content of coalbeds in the Black Warrior basin of Alabama. Core data in the form of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and gas desorption measurements were used, along with wireline data, to build the models. Results of data analysis in wells with coals ranging from low-volatile bituminous to high-volatile B bituminous are compared with core gasmore » desorption measurements to demonstrate the accuracy of the process.« less
{"title":"Evaluating Gas Content of Black Warrior Basin Coalbeds From Wireline Log Data","authors":"J. Colson","doi":"10.2118/21489-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/21489-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports that coalbeds have long been known to contain natural gas in varying amounts. To the mining industry, this is basically a hazard to be controlled and avoided where possible. To the petroleum industry, it is an exploitable resource that holds significant economic potential because of shallow drilling and the promising of long well life. The variability of coal as a gas reservoir raises the need for oil and gas-well explorers to develop the capability of evaluating coalbed gas content to identify and produce coal gas plays. Current petrophysical models for gas reservoir analysis in traditional clastic or carbonate environments are notable inadequate for evaluation of gas content in coal beds. However, numerous physical models exist for coals throughout the country, primarily from the efforts of the mining industry. A theoretical model was chosen and used to establish a method for evaluating gas content of coalbeds in the Black Warrior basin of Alabama. Core data in the form of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and gas desorption measurements were used, along with wireline data, to build the models. Results of data analysis in wells with coals ranging from low-volatile bituminous to high-volatile B bituminous are compared with core gasmore » desorption measurements to demonstrate the accuracy of the process.« less","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125899460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Technical Computing of the 1990's","authors":"K. Brewer, R. J. Pritchard","doi":"10.2118/20359-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/20359-PA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126077435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Few computer experiences are more frustrating than struggling with software that is not user-friendly. This is especially true in the oil industry, where field personnel often are reburied to run complex engineering programs. In this paper, the authors discuss and demonstrate techniques that maximize user-friendliness in PC-based engineering programs. The guidelines provided are applicable to other technical and nontechnical areas.
{"title":"Maximizing user-friendliness in PC engineering programs","authors":"M. Zamora, D. Wilson","doi":"10.2118/20354-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/20354-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Few computer experiences are more frustrating than struggling with software that is not user-friendly. This is especially true in the oil industry, where field personnel often are reburied to run complex engineering programs. In this paper, the authors discuss and demonstrate techniques that maximize user-friendliness in PC-based engineering programs. The guidelines provided are applicable to other technical and nontechnical areas.","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115911874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exxon Co. International (ECI) was formed in July 1986 to handle Exxon's oil and gas operations outside the U.S. and Canada. One part of this responsibility was coordination of the application and use of information systems technology, which required a significant amount of funds. To focus this coordination, development of an Upstream Computing Framework was initiated in 1988. This framework would serve as a management and planning guide for use in meeting the different requirements of the affiliated companies. The framework required 2 work-years of effort from a multidisciplinary team. The focus of this paper is the production portion of the framework, the implementation of which began in Jan. 1989. This paper summarized the Upstream Computing Framework and the results from its use to coordinate the development of production computing applications. Six key areas are addressed: development of a set of core technical computing tools; development of core computing and telecommunications hardware and software standards; guidelines and principles for data resource management (DRM); planing for the complexity that computer training places on an organization; strategic application planning; and assessing, capturing, and stewarding the benefits of production computing. The last two items are the most significant, and examples of their implementationmore » and benefits are presented.« less
{"title":"Production computing management","authors":"D. Mason, J. Wiesenthal","doi":"10.2118/20340-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/20340-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Exxon Co. International (ECI) was formed in July 1986 to handle Exxon's oil and gas operations outside the U.S. and Canada. One part of this responsibility was coordination of the application and use of information systems technology, which required a significant amount of funds. To focus this coordination, development of an Upstream Computing Framework was initiated in 1988. This framework would serve as a management and planning guide for use in meeting the different requirements of the affiliated companies. The framework required 2 work-years of effort from a multidisciplinary team. The focus of this paper is the production portion of the framework, the implementation of which began in Jan. 1989. This paper summarized the Upstream Computing Framework and the results from its use to coordinate the development of production computing applications. Six key areas are addressed: development of a set of core technical computing tools; development of core computing and telecommunications hardware and software standards; guidelines and principles for data resource management (DRM); planing for the complexity that computer training places on an organization; strategic application planning; and assessing, capturing, and stewarding the benefits of production computing. The last two items are the most significant, and examples of their implementationmore » and benefits are presented.« less","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133484941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the functionality and underlying programing paradigms of Shell's simulator-related reservoir-engineering graphics system. THis system includes the simulation postprocessing programs Reservoir Display System (RDS) and Fast Reservoir Engineering Displays (FRED), a hypertext-like on-line documentation system (DOC), and a simulator input preprocessor (SIMPLSIM). RDS creates displays of reservoir simulation results. These displays represent the areal or cross-section distribution of computer reservoir parameters, such as pressure, phase saturation, or temperature. Generation of these images at real-time animation rates is discussed. FRED facilitates the creation of plot files from reservoir simulation output. The use of dynamic memory allocation, asynchronous I/O, a table-driven screen manager, and mixed-language (FORTRAN and C) programming are detailed. DOC is used to create and access on-line documentation for the pre-and post-processing programs and the reservoir simulators. DOC can be run by itself or can be accessed from within any other graphics or nongraphics application program. DOC includes a text editor, which is that basis for a reservoir simulation tutorial and greatly simplifies the preparation of simulator input. The use of sharable images, graphics, and the documentation file network are described. Finally, SIMPLSIM is a suite of program that uses interactive graphics in the preparation of reservoir descriptionmore » data for input into reservoir simulators. The SIMPLSIM user-interface manager (UIM) and its graphic interface for reservoir description are discussed.« less
{"title":"Pre- and Postprocessing for Reservoir Simulation","authors":"W. L. Rogers, L. Ingalls, S. Prasad","doi":"10.2118/20360-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/20360-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the functionality and underlying programing paradigms of Shell's simulator-related reservoir-engineering graphics system. THis system includes the simulation postprocessing programs Reservoir Display System (RDS) and Fast Reservoir Engineering Displays (FRED), a hypertext-like on-line documentation system (DOC), and a simulator input preprocessor (SIMPLSIM). RDS creates displays of reservoir simulation results. These displays represent the areal or cross-section distribution of computer reservoir parameters, such as pressure, phase saturation, or temperature. Generation of these images at real-time animation rates is discussed. FRED facilitates the creation of plot files from reservoir simulation output. The use of dynamic memory allocation, asynchronous I/O, a table-driven screen manager, and mixed-language (FORTRAN and C) programming are detailed. DOC is used to create and access on-line documentation for the pre-and post-processing programs and the reservoir simulators. DOC can be run by itself or can be accessed from within any other graphics or nongraphics application program. DOC includes a text editor, which is that basis for a reservoir simulation tutorial and greatly simplifies the preparation of simulator input. The use of sharable images, graphics, and the documentation file network are described. Finally, SIMPLSIM is a suite of program that uses interactive graphics in the preparation of reservoir descriptionmore » data for input into reservoir simulators. The SIMPLSIM user-interface manager (UIM) and its graphic interface for reservoir description are discussed.« less","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128964921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the authors present a technique that allows one to perform a computerized short term oil or natural gas well test. The short duration of the test results in reasonably good estimates of formation permeability, skin factor, and reservoir pressure. The technique, referred to as Quicklook, requires pressure measurement at the surface and downhole. After perforation, the formation is subjected to an instantaneous-rate drawndown or injection for a couple minutes. The instantaneous-rate period is followed by a shut-in period of sufficient duration to achieve the desired radius of investigation. Three interpretation plots are made to perform the analysis: a derivative type plot for flow-regime identification and type-curve analysis, a specialized plot (rate-convolved Horner (RCH) analysis) for certain flow parameter calculations, and a system-verification plot. A desirable feature of the technique is that the testing and perforating can be performed during the same trip. Two field examples from low-permeability wells illustrate the technique and data interpretation.
{"title":"Quicklook Prestimulation Well Test","authors":"U. Ahmed, F. J. Husband, S. Tariq","doi":"10.2118/18949-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/18949-PA","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors present a technique that allows one to perform a computerized short term oil or natural gas well test. The short duration of the test results in reasonably good estimates of formation permeability, skin factor, and reservoir pressure. The technique, referred to as Quicklook, requires pressure measurement at the surface and downhole. After perforation, the formation is subjected to an instantaneous-rate drawndown or injection for a couple minutes. The instantaneous-rate period is followed by a shut-in period of sufficient duration to achieve the desired radius of investigation. Three interpretation plots are made to perform the analysis: a derivative type plot for flow-regime identification and type-curve analysis, a specialized plot (rate-convolved Horner (RCH) analysis) for certain flow parameter calculations, and a system-verification plot. A desirable feature of the technique is that the testing and perforating can be performed during the same trip. Two field examples from low-permeability wells illustrate the technique and data interpretation.","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123988087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a survey level introduction to the Internet, the high-speed communications network that provides access to remote supercomputers, libraries, and other specialized information services. In addition to describing the physical and logical topology of the network, it describes the supercomputing and network-oriented visualization capabilities offered by one node on the Internet, the Natl. Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). Petroleum engineering studies are used as vehicles throughout the paper.
{"title":"A Hitchhiker's Guide to Life on the Internet","authors":"K. Bishop","doi":"10.2118/20358-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/20358-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a survey level introduction to the Internet, the high-speed communications network that provides access to remote supercomputers, libraries, and other specialized information services. In addition to describing the physical and logical topology of the network, it describes the supercomputing and network-oriented visualization capabilities offered by one node on the Internet, the Natl. Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). Petroleum engineering studies are used as vehicles throughout the paper.","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131372212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes and innovative management system designed to assist well drilling, engineering, and geological decision makers. The problem of providing powerful and flexible applications without creating complexity has been solved by an intuitive graphical user interface. Through the adoption of petroleum industry standards, an open system was designed to facilitate information input and output. Careful attention to emerging computer standards has resulted in a system that is portable across a wide range of current hardware from multiple vendors and that will be easily movable to new hardware platforms as they become available.
{"title":"Workstations for the Wellsite: An Integrated Information Management System","authors":"A. R. Morley","doi":"10.2118/20330-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/20330-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes and innovative management system designed to assist well drilling, engineering, and geological decision makers. The problem of providing powerful and flexible applications without creating complexity has been solved by an intuitive graphical user interface. Through the adoption of petroleum industry standards, an open system was designed to facilitate information input and output. Careful attention to emerging computer standards has resulted in a system that is portable across a wide range of current hardware from multiple vendors and that will be easily movable to new hardware platforms as they become available.","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130837019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports that Shell Oil Co. and a U.S. subsidiary, Shell Western E and P Inc., developed a comprehensive, generalized, computer-assisted-operations (CAO) system for day-to-day oilfield operations. The system addresses many of the daily operating needs of data acquisition, well and facility monitoring and control, problem detection and diagnosis, design and/or redesign of artificial-lift systems, and oilfield data management. It is generalized in that one system, with common computer hardware, software, and techniques, serves several different oil fields with diverse operating requirements and conditions.
{"title":"Generalized computer-assisted operations; A comprehensive system for day-to-day oilfield operations","authors":"C. Dunham, S. R. Anderson","doi":"10.2118/20366-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/20366-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports that Shell Oil Co. and a U.S. subsidiary, Shell Western E and P Inc., developed a comprehensive, generalized, computer-assisted-operations (CAO) system for day-to-day oilfield operations. The system addresses many of the daily operating needs of data acquisition, well and facility monitoring and control, problem detection and diagnosis, design and/or redesign of artificial-lift systems, and oilfield data management. It is generalized in that one system, with common computer hardware, software, and techniques, serves several different oil fields with diverse operating requirements and conditions.","PeriodicalId":115136,"journal":{"name":"Spe Computer Applications","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115702162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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