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Multivariable Control-Based dq Decoupling in Voltage and Current Control Loops for Enhanced Transient Response and Power Delivery in Microgrids 在电压和电流控制环路中实现基于多变量控制的 dq 去耦,以增强微电网的瞬态响应和电力输送能力
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153689
Mandarapu Srikanth, Yellapragada Venkata Pavan Kumar, Challa Pradeep Reddy, Rammohan Mallipeddi
Being multivariable in nature, voltage and current control loops have controllers in the forward and cross-coupling paths. Most methods discussed in the literature focus on tuning the controllers in the forward paths to reduce the dq coupling. A modified pole-zero cancellation (MPZC) technique has recently been discussed, which uses the concepts of pole-zero cancellation and particle swarm optimization to effectively tune the forward path controllers. However, given the fixed gains in the cross-coupling paths, it is not possible to realize a superior transient response from this technique. Therefore, to achieve enhanced vector control of VSIs under transient conditions, this paper proposes a hybrid MPZC (HMPZC) method, which incorporates multivariable control along with the MPZC technique for both voltage/current control loops. In the proposed HMPZC method, the MPZC method is used to tune the forward path controllers, and multivariable control-based PI controllers are assigned in the cross-coupling paths of dq-axes loops rather than fixed gains. In this paper, these multivariable control-based PI controllers are designed using direct synthesis method-based internal model control (IMC). From the simulation results, it is verified that the proposed HMPZC method has reduced the coupling between the d- and q-axes loops of the current/voltage, leading to the improved transient response and power delivery capability of VSIs.
电压和电流控制回路具有多变量性质,在前向和交叉耦合路径中都有控制器。文献中讨论的大多数方法都侧重于调整前向路径中的控制器,以减少 dq 耦合。最近讨论了一种改进的极零消除(MPZC)技术,它利用极零消除和粒子群优化的概念来有效调整前向路径控制器。然而,由于交叉耦合路径的增益是固定的,这种技术无法实现卓越的瞬态响应。因此,为了实现瞬态条件下 VSI 的增强型矢量控制,本文提出了一种混合 MPZC(HMPZC)方法,该方法将多变量控制与 MPZC 技术结合在一起,用于电压/电流控制回路。在所提出的 HMPZC 方法中,MPZC 方法用于调整前向路径控制器,基于多变量控制的 PI 控制器被分配到 dq 轴环路的交叉耦合路径中,而不是固定增益。本文使用基于直接合成法的内部模型控制(IMC)设计了这些基于多变量控制的 PI 控制器。仿真结果证明,所提出的 HMPZC 方法降低了电流/电压 d 轴和 q 轴环路之间的耦合,从而提高了 VSI 的瞬态响应和功率输出能力。
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引用次数: 0
Load Frequency Control of Multiarea Power Systems with Virtual Power Plants 利用虚拟发电厂实现多区域电力系统的负载频率控制
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153687
Zeyi Wang, Yao Wang, Li Xie, Dan Pang, Hao Shi, Hua Zheng
Virtual power plants (VPPs) integrate diverse energy resources using advanced communication technologies and intelligent control strategies. This integration enhances the utilization and efficiency of distributed generation. This paper explores the incorporation of VPPs into load frequency control (LFC) systems. It includes an analysis of VPP-aggregated resources’ frequency regulation characteristics and a VPP-inclusive LFC model. Additionally, a decentralized automatic generation control strategy is proposed to distribute power outputs effectively, enabling swift grid frequency adjustments. This study uses MATLAB simulations to demonstrate the benefits and efficacy of VPPs in LFC, underscoring their role in advancing grid management and stability.
虚拟发电厂(VPP)利用先进的通信技术和智能控制策略整合了各种能源资源。这种整合提高了分布式发电的利用率和效率。本文探讨了将 VPP 纳入负荷频率控制(LFC)系统的问题。文中分析了 VPP 集聚资源的频率调节特性,并建立了一个包含 VPP 的 LFC 模型。此外,还提出了一种分散式自动发电控制策略,以有效分配电力输出,实现快速的电网频率调节。本研究使用 MATLAB 仿真证明了 VPP 在 LFC 中的优势和功效,强调了其在推进电网管理和稳定性方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling the Role of Amino Acid L-Tryptophan Concentration in Enhancing CO2 Hydrate Kinetics 揭示氨基酸 L-色氨酸浓度在增强二氧化碳水合物动力学中的作用
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153702
Yan Li, A. Gambelli, Yizhi Rao, Xuejian Liu, Zhenyuan Yin, F. Rossi
Carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrates have garnered significant interest as a promising technology for CO2 capture and storage due to its high storage capacity and moderate operating conditions. The kinetics of CO2 hydrate formation is a critical factor in determining the feasibility of hydrate-based CO2 capture and storage technologies. This study systematically investigates the promotional effects of the amino acid L-tryptophan (L-trp) on CO2 hydrate formation kinetics and morphology under stirred and unstirred conditions. In the stirred system, experiments were conducted in a high-pressure 100 mL reactor with 0.05, 0.10, and 0.30 wt% L-trp solution. CO2 gas uptake kinetics and morphological evolution were monitored using a high-resolution digital camera. Results showed that L-trp promoted CO2 hydrate formation kinetics without delay, with rapid CO2 consumption upon nucleation. Morphological evolution revealed rapid hydrate formation, wall-climbing growth, and dendritic morphology filling the bulk solution. Under unstirred conditions, experiments were performed in a larger 1 L reactor with 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt% L-trp solutions to assess the influence of additive concentration on hydrate formation thermodynamics and kinetics. Results demonstrated that L-trp influenced both thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2 hydrate formation. Thermodynamically, 0.1 wt% L-trp resulted in the highest hydrate formation, indicating an optimal concentration for thermodynamic promotion. Kinetically, increasing L-trp concentration from 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt% reduced formation time, demonstrating a proportional relationship between L-trp concentration and formation kinetics. These findings provide insights into the role of L-trp in promoting CO2 hydrate formation and the interplay between additive concentration, thermodynamics, and kinetics. The results can inform the development of effective hydrate-based technologies for CO2 sequestration, highlighting the potential of amino acids as promoters in gas hydrate.
由于二氧化碳(CO2)水合物具有高储存能力和适中的操作条件,因此作为一种很有前景的二氧化碳捕获和储存技术受到了广泛关注。二氧化碳水合物形成的动力学是决定基于水合物的二氧化碳捕集与封存技术可行性的关键因素。本研究系统研究了氨基酸 L-色氨酸(L-trp)在搅拌和非搅拌条件下对二氧化碳水合物形成动力学和形态的促进作用。在搅拌系统中,实验在一个 100 mL 的高压反应器中进行,L-trp 溶液的重量分别为 0.05、0.10 和 0.30%。使用高分辨率数码相机对二氧化碳气体吸收动力学和形态演变进行了监测。结果表明,L-trp 无延迟地促进了二氧化碳水合物的形成动力学,并在成核后迅速消耗二氧化碳。形态演变显示了水合物的快速形成、爬壁生长以及充满溶液的树枝状形态。在无搅拌条件下,在较大的 1 L 反应器中使用 0.1 wt% 和 0.5 wt% L-trp 溶液进行了实验,以评估添加剂浓度对水合物形成热力学和动力学的影响。结果表明,L-trp 对二氧化碳水合物形成的热力学和动力学都有影响。从热力学角度看,0.1 wt% L-trp 的水合物形成率最高,表明这是促进热力学的最佳浓度。从动力学角度看,L-trp 浓度从 0.1 wt% 增加到 0.5 wt% 会缩短形成时间,这表明 L-trp 浓度与形成动力学之间存在比例关系。这些发现有助于深入了解 L-trp 在促进二氧化碳水合物形成中的作用,以及添加剂浓度、热力学和动力学之间的相互作用。这些结果可为开发有效的基于水合物的二氧化碳封存技术提供信息,同时突出了氨基酸作为气体水合物促进剂的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Meteorological Data Mining and Synthesis for Supplementing On-Site Data for Regulatory Compliance 气象数据挖掘与综合,补充现场数据以符合法规要求
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153691
Ben Sonpon, Shoaib Usman, Joseph D. Smith, Sarah Kovaleski, Jason Wibbenmeyer
Many regulatory requirements add significant delay in the licensing of new nuclear power stations. One area of particular interest is the environmental impact of potential atmospheric release. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate effectiveness of meteorological data mining and synthesis from offsite locations to reduce need for onsite data, hence allowing rapid licensing. The automated procedures tested for data mining and extraction of meteorological data from multiple offsite sources and the data analytic tool developed for data fusion are presented here. Three important meteorological parameters from regulatory compliance are considered for this analysis: wind velocity, wind direction, and atmospheric stability. Callaway Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) is used as our reference site. CNPP uses the ΔTΔz approach while we use the Vogt method to estimated stability for the offsite locations. Stability classification correlation coefficients between the reference plant and Columbia Regional Airport range from −0.087 to 0.826 for raw with an average of 0.317 ± 0.313. With travel time, correction changed slightly, i.e., a 10 m observation 0.064 ± 0.249 and 0.028 ± 0.123 and a 60 m observation 0.103 ± 0.265 and 0.063 ± 0.155 for the wind from the reference plant to the airport and vice versa, respectively. For Jefferson City Memorial Airport, raw data correlation was from −0.083 to 0.771, with an average of 0.358 ± 0.321. With travel time, correction changed slightly, i.e., 10 m observation 0.075 ± 0.208 and −0.073 ± 0.255 and 60 m observation 0.018 ± 0.223 and −0.032 ± 0.248 for wind from the reference plant to the airport and vice versa, respectively. Stability classification correlation coefficients between the reference plant and St. Louis Lambert International Airport ranged from −0.083 to 0.763 for raw with an average of 0.314 ± 0.295. With travel time, correction changed slightly, i.e., 10 m observation −0.003 ± 0.307 and −0.030 ± 0.277 and 60 m observation −0.030 ± 0.193 and −0.005 ± 0.215 for wind from the reference plant to the airport and vice versa, respectively. It is important to observe that mathematically. stability class correlation coefficients were not great, but in most cases the predicted and observed values were only off by one stability class. Similar correlations were calculated for wind direction and velocities. Our result, when applied to a proposed nuclear power station, can significantly reduce time and effort to prepare a robust environmental protection plan required for license application.
许多监管要求严重拖延了新核电站的许可审批。其中一个特别值得关注的领域是潜在大气释放对环境的影响。这项研究的目的是证明从场外地点进行气象数据挖掘和综合的有效性,以减少对现场数据的需求,从而快速发放许可证。本文介绍了从多个非现场来源进行数据挖掘和气象数据提取的自动程序测试,以及为数据融合开发的数据分析工具。本分析考虑了符合法规要求的三个重要气象参数:风速、风向和大气稳定性。卡拉威核电站(CNPP)被用作我们的参考点。CNPP 使用 ΔTΔz 方法,而我们则使用 Vogt 方法估算场外地点的稳定性。参考工厂与哥伦比亚地区机场之间的稳定性分类相关系数从原始的 -0.087 到 0.826 不等,平均为 0.317 ± 0.313。随着移动时间的推移,校正结果略有变化,即从参考工厂到机场的风向,10 米观测值分别为 0.064 ± 0.249 和 0.028 ± 0.123,60 米观测值分别为 0.103 ± 0.265 和 0.063 ± 0.155,反之亦然。杰斐逊市纪念机场的原始数据相关性为 -0.083 至 0.771,平均为 0.358 ± 0.321。随着移动时间的推移,校正结果略有变化,即从参照工厂到机场的风向,10 米观测值分别为 0.075 ± 0.208 和 -0.073 ± 0.255,60 米观测值分别为 0.018 ± 0.223 和 -0.032 ± 0.248。参考电厂与圣路易斯兰伯特国际机场之间的稳定性分类相关系数介于-0.083 至 0.763 之间,平均为 0.314 ± 0.295。随着移动时间的推移,校正结果略有变化,即从参考工厂到机场和从机场到参考工厂的 10 米观测值分别为 -0.003 ± 0.307 和 -0.030 ± 0.277,60 米观测值分别为 -0.030 ± 0.193 和 -0.005 ± 0.215。值得注意的是,从数学角度看,稳定性等级相关系数并不大,但在大多数情况下,预测值和观测值仅相差一个稳定性等级。风向和风速也计算出了类似的相关系数。将我们的结果应用于拟建的核电站,可以大大减少申请许可证所需的准备健全的环境保护计划所需的时间和精力。
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引用次数: 0
Spark Timing Optimization through Co-Simulation Analysis in a Spark Ignition Engine 通过联合仿真分析优化火花点火发动机的火花正时
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153695
Ivan Arsie, E. Frasci, A. Irimescu, S. Merola
The automotive industry is experiencing radical changes under the pressure of institutions that are increasingly reducing the limits on CO2 and pollutant emissions from road vehicles powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs). A way to decarbonize the transport sector without disrupting current automotive production is the adoption of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines (ICEs). Hydrogen is very attractive, thanks to the zero-carbon content and very high laminar flame speed, allowing for extending the lean burn limit. Other alternative fuels are methanol and ethanol. This work deals with the conversion of a small-sized passenger car powered by a three-cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine for the use of alternative fuels. In particular, the spark timing has been optimized to improve the fuel economy under every operating condition. The optimization procedure is based on the MATLAB/Simulink® R2024a-GT-Power co-simulation analysis and minimizes the fuel consumption by varying the spark timing independently for each cylinder. In particular, at full load, the algorithm reduces the spark timing only for the cylinder in which knock is detected, reducing fuel consumption by about 2% compared to the base calibration. This approach will be adopted in future activities to understand how the use of alternative fuels affects the ignition control strategy.
在各机构不断降低内燃机(ICE)驱动的道路车辆二氧化碳和污染物排放限制的压力下,汽车行业正经历着翻天覆地的变化。在不影响当前汽车生产的情况下,实现运输行业去碳化的一种方法是为内燃机(ICE)采用替代燃料。氢气具有零碳含量和极高的层燃速度,可以延长贫燃极限,因此非常具有吸引力。其他替代燃料还有甲醇和乙醇。这项工作涉及将一辆由三缸火花点火(SI)发动机驱动的小型乘用车改装为使用替代燃料。特别是对火花正时进行了优化,以提高各种工况下的燃油经济性。优化程序基于 MATLAB/Simulink® R2024a-GT-Power 协同仿真分析,通过独立改变每个气缸的火花正时,最大限度地降低燃油消耗。特别是在满负荷时,该算法仅针对检测到爆震的气缸减少火花正时,与基本标定相比,油耗降低了约 2%。今后将采用这种方法来了解替代燃料的使用对点火控制策略的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Tracking Biofuel Innovation: A Graph-Based Analysis of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Patents 跟踪生物燃料创新:基于图表的可持续航空燃料专利分析
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153683
Matheus Noschang de Oliveira, Letícia Rezende Mosquéra, Patrícia Helena dos Santos Martins, André Luiz Marques Serrano, Guilherme Dantas Bispo, Guilherme Fay Vergara, Gabriela Mayumi Saiki, Clóvis Neumann, V. P. Gonçalves
The use of biofuels represents a promising means of achieving a sustainable future and offers considerable economic and environmental benefits. Since they are derived from organic sources, such as vegetable oils and animal fats, biofuels can mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, support local agriculture, create employment opportunities, and enhance energy security by reducing dependence on fossil fuels. However, introducing these alternative fuels to the aviation sector remains a significant challenge. Thus, it is vital to investigate the potential of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and discover how to overcome the technological obstacles to its integration into mainstream aviation to attain broader decarbonization objectives. This article seeks to contribute to a discussion about SAF by examining how it has evolved and its connections to related patents. This article is a comprehensive study of biofuel innovation, highlighting the complex relationships between academia, industry, and other stakeholders. It is hoped that the findings from this study will provide a clearer understanding of the catalysts involved in SAF innovation and provide valuable insights for policymakers, academics, and professionals in the field who are committed to shaping the trajectory of sustainable energy technologies in the future.
生物燃料的使用是实现可持续未来的一个大有可为的手段,并能带来可观的经济和环境效益。由于生物燃料来自植物油和动物脂肪等有机来源,因此可以减轻温室气体排放的影响,改善空气质量,支持当地农业,创造就业机会,并通过减少对化石燃料的依赖来加强能源安全。然而,将这些替代燃料引入航空领域仍然是一项重大挑战。因此,研究可持续航空燃料(SAF)的潜力并探索如何克服其融入主流航空业的技术障碍以实现更广泛的去碳化目标至关重要。本文旨在通过研究 SAF 的演变过程及其与相关专利的联系,为有关 SAF 的讨论做出贡献。本文是对生物燃料创新的全面研究,强调了学术界、工业界和其他利益相关者之间的复杂关系。希望本研究的结果能让人们更清楚地了解 SAF 创新所涉及的催化剂,并为致力于塑造未来可持续能源技术发展轨迹的政策制定者、学者和该领域的专业人士提供有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Distributed and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework for Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling 优化电动汽车充电调度的分布式多代理强化学习框架
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153694
Christos D. Korkas, Christos Tsaknakis, Athanasios Ch. Kapoutsis, Elias B. Kosmatopoulos
The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the installation of more charging stations. The challenge of managing these grid-connected charging stations leads to a multi-objective optimal control problem where station profitability, user preferences, grid requirements and stability should be optimized. However, it is challenging to determine the optimal charging/discharging EV schedule, since the controller should exploit fluctuations in the electricity prices, available renewable resources and available stored energy of other vehicles and cope with the uncertainty of EV arrival/departure scheduling. In addition, the growing number of connected vehicles results in a complex state and action vectors, making it difficult for centralized and single-agent controllers to handle the problem. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-Agent and distributed Reinforcement Learning (MARL) framework that tackles the challenges mentioned above, producing controllers that achieve high performance levels under diverse conditions. In the proposed distributed framework, each charging spot makes its own charging/discharging decisions toward a cumulative cost reduction without sharing any type of private information, such as the arrival/departure time of a vehicle and its state of charge, addressing the problem of cost minimization and user satisfaction. The framework significantly improves the scalability and sample efficiency of the underlying Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm. Extensive numerical studies and simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach compared with Rule-Based Controllers (RBCs) and well-established, state-of-the-art centralized RL (Reinforcement Learning) algorithms, offering performance improvements of up to 25% and 20% in reducing the energy cost and increasing user satisfaction, respectively.
随着电动汽车(EV)数量的不断增加,有必要安装更多的充电站。管理这些并网充电站所面临的挑战导致了一个多目标优化控制问题,在这个问题中,充电站的盈利能力、用户偏好、电网要求和稳定性都应得到优化。然而,要确定电动汽车的最佳充电/放电计划具有挑战性,因为控制器应利用电价波动、可用可再生资源和其他车辆的可用储能,并应对电动汽车到达/离开计划的不确定性。此外,联网车辆数量的不断增加导致了复杂的状态和行动向量,使得集中式和单一代理控制器难以处理该问题。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的多代理和分布式强化学习(MARL)框架,该框架可应对上述挑战,生成在各种条件下都能达到高性能水平的控制器。在所提出的分布式框架中,每个充电点都会做出自己的充电/放电决策,以降低累积成本,而不会共享任何类型的私人信息,如车辆的到达/离开时间及其充电状态,从而解决成本最小化和用户满意度的问题。该框架大大提高了底层深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)算法的可扩展性和采样效率。广泛的数值研究和模拟证明,与基于规则的控制器(RBC)和成熟的、最先进的集中式 RL(强化学习)算法相比,所提出的方法非常有效,在降低能源成本和提高用户满意度方面的性能分别提高了 25% 和 20%。
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引用次数: 0
Pyrolytic Pathway of Wheat Straw Pellet by the Thermogravimetric Analyzer 利用热重分析仪分析小麦秸秆颗粒的热解途径
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153693
Bidhan Nath, Les Bowtell, Guangnan Chen, Elizabeth Graham, Thong Nguyen-Huy
The study of the thermokinetics of two types of wheat straw pellets, T1 (100% wheat straw) and T2 (70% wheat straw, 10% each of bentonite clay, sawdust, and biochar), under a nitrogen atmosphere (31–800 °C and 5, 10, and 20 °C/min heating rates) using model-free and model-based approaches by TG/DTG data, revealed promising results. While model-free methods were not suitable, model-based reactions, particularly Fn (nth-order phase interfacial) and F2 (second-order) models, effectively described the three-phase consecutive thermal degradation pathway (A→B, C→D, and D→E). The activation energy (Eα) for phases 2 and 3 (Fn model) averaged 136.04 and 358.11 kJ/mol for T1 and 132.86 and 227.10 kJ/mol for T2, respectively. The pre-exponential factor (lnA) varied across heating rates and pellets (T2: 38.244–2.9 × 109 1/s; T1: 1.2 × 102–5.45 × 1014 1/s). Notably, pellets with additives (T2) exhibited a higher degradable fraction due to lower Eα. These findings suggest a promising potential for utilizing wheat straw pellet biomass as a bioenergy feedstock, highlighting the practical implications of this research.
通过 TG/DTG 数据,采用无模型和基于模型的方法研究了两种小麦秸秆颗粒 T1(100% 小麦秸秆)和 T2(70% 小麦秸秆,膨润土、锯末和生物炭各 10%)在氮气环境下(31-800 °C,加热速率分别为 5、10 和 20 °C/分钟)的热动力学,结果令人鼓舞。虽然无模型方法不适用,但基于模型的反应,特别是 Fn(n 阶相界面)和 F2(二阶)模型,有效地描述了三相连续热降解途径(A→B、C→D 和 D→E)。第二和第三阶段(Fn 模型)的活化能(Eα)在 T1 和 T2 分别为 136.04 和 358.11 kJ/mol 和 132.86 和 227.10 kJ/mol。预指数(lnA)因加热速率和颗粒而异(T2:38.244-2.9 × 109 1/s;T1:1.2 × 102-5.45 × 1014 1/s)。值得注意的是,含有添加剂的颗粒(T2)由于较低的 Eα 而表现出较高的可降解部分。这些研究结果表明,利用小麦秸秆颗粒生物质作为生物能源原料具有广阔的发展前景,凸显了这项研究的实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
Model-Free Temperature Control of Heat Treatment Process 热处理过程的无模型温度控制
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153679
A. Baciu, Corneliu Lazar
The heat treatment temperature must precisely meet the required profile to ensure the quality of the workpiece. The model of the heat treatment furnace is not precisely known because it is nonlinear and complex. Considering this aspect, model-free temperature control methods are proposed, which are not based on a model of the process, but only on the input and output data acquired from the control system. Since the controlled temperature must accurately track the reference formed by the ramp and soak signals in the presence of disturbances, model-free iPI controllers were chosen due to the included double-integral component that ensures the steady-state performance for ramp signals. For the tuning of the iPI controller parameters, the iterative feedback tuning method is proposed, and the performance is compared with that obtained using the sliding mode control iPI variant. The proposed iPI control laws are tested for ramp and soak scenarios, using temperature suitable to thermal treatment technological processes, and performance is analyzed using both process-specific indices and classical criteria.
热处理温度必须精确地达到所要求的温度曲线,以确保工件的质量。热处理炉的模型是非线性和复杂的,因此并不精确。考虑到这一点,我们提出了无模型温度控制方法,这种方法不基于工艺模型,而仅基于从控制系统获取的输入和输出数据。由于在存在干扰的情况下,受控温度必须准确跟踪由斜坡信号和浸泡信号形成的参考值,因此选择了无模型 iPI 控制器,因为其中包含的双积分成分可确保斜坡信号的稳态性能。为调整 iPI 控制器参数,提出了迭代反馈调整方法,并将其性能与使用滑模控制 iPI 变体获得的性能进行了比较。利用适合热处理技术过程的温度,在斜坡和浸泡情况下测试了所提出的 iPI 控制法,并利用特定过程指数和经典标准分析了其性能。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Prediction Model for Compressor Performance Using Artificial Neural Network Models and Reduced-Order Models 使用人工神经网络模型和降序模型评估压缩机性能预测模型
IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/en17153686
Hosik Jeong, Kanghyuk Ko, Junsung Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Seongyong Eom, Sang-Kwon Na, Gyungmin Choi
In order to save the time and material costs associated with refrigeration system performance evaluations, a reduced-order model (ROM) using highly accurate numerical analysis results and some experimental values was developed. To solve the shortcomings of these traditional methods in monitoring complex systems, a simplified reduced-order system model was developed. To evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system compressor, the temperature of several points in the system where the compressor actually operates was measured, and the measured values were used as input values for ROM development. A lot of raw data to develop a highly accurate ROM were acquired from a VRF system installed in a building for one year, and in this study, specific operating conditions were selected and used as input values. In this study, the ROM development process can predict the performance of compressors used in air conditioning systems, and the research results on optimizing input data required for ROM generation were observed. The input data are arranged according to the design of experiments (DOE), and the accuracy of ROM according to data arrangement is compared through the experiment results.
为了节省与制冷系统性能评估相关的时间和材料成本,利用高精度的数值分析结果和一些实验值开发了一种简化阶模型(ROM)。为了解决这些传统方法在监测复杂系统方面的不足,我们开发了一个简化的降阶系统模型。为了评估制冷系统压缩机的性能,对系统中压缩机实际运行的几个点的温度进行了测量,并将测量值作为 ROM 开发的输入值。从安装在一栋建筑中一年的 VRF 系统中获取了大量用于开发高精度 ROM 的原始数据,并在本研究中选择了特定的运行条件作为输入值。在这项研究中,ROM 的开发过程可以预测空调系统中使用的压缩机的性能,并观察了生成 ROM 所需的输入数据的优化研究成果。根据实验设计(DOE)安排输入数据,并通过实验结果比较根据数据安排生成的 ROM 的准确性。
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Energies
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