Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076971
G. Didier, C. Bonnard, B. Douine, J. Lévêque
This paper presents a novel approach to determine the optimal location of a resistive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) to improve the transient stability of an electric power grid (EPG). The presented method use the angular separation of the rotors of synchronous machines present in the power system to select the optimal location of SFCL. The selection of this optimal location is coordinated with the corresponding optimal resistive value to improve transient stability in case of short-circuit fault. To obtain a global study on the optimal placement of SFCL in case of fault, various types of short-circuits are considered. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the IEEE benchmarked four-machine two-area test system is used to carry out several case studies.
{"title":"Power system stability improvement with superconducting fault current limiter","authors":"G. Didier, C. Bonnard, B. Douine, J. Lévêque","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076971","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach to determine the optimal location of a resistive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) to improve the transient stability of an electric power grid (EPG). The presented method use the angular separation of the rotors of synchronous machines present in the power system to select the optimal location of SFCL. The selection of this optimal location is coordinated with the corresponding optimal resistive value to improve transient stability in case of short-circuit fault. To obtain a global study on the optimal placement of SFCL in case of fault, various types of short-circuits are considered. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the IEEE benchmarked four-machine two-area test system is used to carry out several case studies.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129211591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076975
N. Ould Cherchali, A. Tlemçani, A. Morsli, M. Boucherit, L. Barazane
The aim of this article is the application of a new Metaheuristic algorithm (Firefly Algorithm) for solving a nonlinear algebraic system where the resolution is needed to study the Selective Harmonic Eliminated PWM strategy (SHEPWM); this strategy is applied to multilevel inverters. The Firefly Algorithm (FA), proposed by Xin-She Yang at the University of Cambridge, is a new Metaheuristic algorithm, which is inspired by the behavior of fireflies is one of the latest Metaheuristics inspired from nature. The principle of the SHEPWM strategy is to impose the voltage pulses and calculate the switching angles to eliminate the selected harmonic orders by solving a nonlinear equations by applying Firefly Algorithm by using a software calculation and plot the shape of the angles calculated based modulation rate where the spectre of voltage shows that the amplitudes of the selected harmonics are zero.
{"title":"Application of Firefly Algorithm on the SHEPWM strategy for the multilevel inverters","authors":"N. Ould Cherchali, A. Tlemçani, A. Morsli, M. Boucherit, L. Barazane","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076975","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is the application of a new Metaheuristic algorithm (Firefly Algorithm) for solving a nonlinear algebraic system where the resolution is needed to study the Selective Harmonic Eliminated PWM strategy (SHEPWM); this strategy is applied to multilevel inverters. The Firefly Algorithm (FA), proposed by Xin-She Yang at the University of Cambridge, is a new Metaheuristic algorithm, which is inspired by the behavior of fireflies is one of the latest Metaheuristics inspired from nature. The principle of the SHEPWM strategy is to impose the voltage pulses and calculate the switching angles to eliminate the selected harmonic orders by solving a nonlinear equations by applying Firefly Algorithm by using a software calculation and plot the shape of the angles calculated based modulation rate where the spectre of voltage shows that the amplitudes of the selected harmonics are zero.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128770664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076951
S. Bouzit, H. Ait dads, S. Tagmouti, A. Outzourhit, M. Ait Ali
The alumina (Al2O3) with different morphologies have great interest due to their potential use in various technological areas such as as-catalysis, batteries, solar energy conversion, gas sensing and field emission. In this work, nanostructured Al2O3 were prepared by a solution-phase method in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) as a dispersant and growth-directing agent. Nanofluids were obtained by dispersing controlled amounts of these nanoparticles in ethylene glycol. The dielectric properties of the obtained nanofluids were measured in the frequency range 40 Hz and 100 kHz using a specially designed cell with two stainless steel cylindrical electrodes. The conductance and the capacitance of Al2O3-based nanofluid increase with the mass fraction and always stay higher than that of pure EG.
{"title":"Dielectric properties of Alumina based nanofluids","authors":"S. Bouzit, H. Ait dads, S. Tagmouti, A. Outzourhit, M. Ait Ali","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076951","url":null,"abstract":"The alumina (Al2O3) with different morphologies have great interest due to their potential use in various technological areas such as as-catalysis, batteries, solar energy conversion, gas sensing and field emission. In this work, nanostructured Al2O3 were prepared by a solution-phase method in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) as a dispersant and growth-directing agent. Nanofluids were obtained by dispersing controlled amounts of these nanoparticles in ethylene glycol. The dielectric properties of the obtained nanofluids were measured in the frequency range 40 Hz and 100 kHz using a specially designed cell with two stainless steel cylindrical electrodes. The conductance and the capacitance of Al2O3-based nanofluid increase with the mass fraction and always stay higher than that of pure EG.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123336553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076996
M. Marzouk, J. Ferrieux, D. Frey, B. Sarrazin, L. Ruffeil de Oliveira, A. Derbey
In this document, we will present a three phase converter for Electric Vehicle (EV). First, the traction drive mode will be introduced, in order to show the chosen topology, which is a 3-phase 3-level NPC inverter. Then, the same converter is reused as an interleaved PWM rectifier for the battery slow charging mode (3,3kW). Of course, the charger is controlled in PFC in order to reduce current harmonics rejections, and to control different power exchange during the battery charging mode. For both structures, the design of the passive elements will be detailed and the high frequency currents will be considered for the design. An experimental test bench has been developed in order to validate the theoretical study.
{"title":"A combined traction drive and slow battery charger for plug-in hybrid Electric Vehicle application","authors":"M. Marzouk, J. Ferrieux, D. Frey, B. Sarrazin, L. Ruffeil de Oliveira, A. Derbey","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076996","url":null,"abstract":"In this document, we will present a three phase converter for Electric Vehicle (EV). First, the traction drive mode will be introduced, in order to show the chosen topology, which is a 3-phase 3-level NPC inverter. Then, the same converter is reused as an interleaved PWM rectifier for the battery slow charging mode (3,3kW). Of course, the charger is controlled in PFC in order to reduce current harmonics rejections, and to control different power exchange during the battery charging mode. For both structures, the design of the passive elements will be detailed and the high frequency currents will be considered for the design. An experimental test bench has been developed in order to validate the theoretical study.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121314054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076980
N. Debbah, R. Ibtiouen, Y. Amara
An original line-starting method for a synchronous machines, which do not have damping windings, is investigated in this paper. A general overview of line start synchronous machines is first presented. Problems related to the line-starting of synchronous machines is first presented. The new line starting method is investigated using both electrical circuits modeling, and coupled 2D finite element and circuit modeling.
{"title":"New line-starting method of synchronous motors not having damping windings","authors":"N. Debbah, R. Ibtiouen, Y. Amara","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076980","url":null,"abstract":"An original line-starting method for a synchronous machines, which do not have damping windings, is investigated in this paper. A general overview of line start synchronous machines is first presented. Problems related to the line-starting of synchronous machines is first presented. The new line starting method is investigated using both electrical circuits modeling, and coupled 2D finite element and circuit modeling.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122991612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076986
J. Saadi, M. Chami, A. Zakari
Simulation is an essential tool for analysing and characterizing defects in complex systems. It allows an analysis of their severity and their distribution for testing strategies to detect serious defects as soon as possible and avoid so the total destruction of the equipment. It also helps to identify the degraded operating modes or even anticipate the occurrence of default and so react before the default occur by performing predictive maintenance. In this paper, we show the importance of modeling at component level which allows to calculate functioning equations as the corresponding configuration appear(contrary to Matlab) and so eliminates the prior calculation of of all equations with and without defect allowing to reduce drastically the computation time. We briefly recall the Component Dynamic Hybrid Network model and the simple way it takes into account the components defects and multiphysics modeling. The simulation tool SimRDH based on this model is presented. We then illustrate our discussion with an example of defects in an association Machine converter.
{"title":"Simulation of defects within converters-machines associations: Advantage of the modeling at the components level using CHDN model","authors":"J. Saadi, M. Chami, A. Zakari","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076986","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation is an essential tool for analysing and characterizing defects in complex systems. It allows an analysis of their severity and their distribution for testing strategies to detect serious defects as soon as possible and avoid so the total destruction of the equipment. It also helps to identify the degraded operating modes or even anticipate the occurrence of default and so react before the default occur by performing predictive maintenance. In this paper, we show the importance of modeling at component level which allows to calculate functioning equations as the corresponding configuration appear(contrary to Matlab) and so eliminates the prior calculation of of all equations with and without defect allowing to reduce drastically the computation time. We briefly recall the Component Dynamic Hybrid Network model and the simple way it takes into account the components defects and multiphysics modeling. The simulation tool SimRDH based on this model is presented. We then illustrate our discussion with an example of defects in an association Machine converter.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125305906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7077074
Nada Ouasli, Rached Ben Mehrez, L. El Amraoui
The effective radius of the tire as well as the rolling resistance of a vehicle are two important variables that affect its dynamics, performance and comfort. Because of their dependence on tire pressure, the assessment of these variables can be used to monitor tire pressures using an indirect approach. By considering the vertical, longitudinal and rotational dynamics and using the wheels' angular velocities and the actuator torque measurements a nonlinear observer is developed from the variable's estimation. The proposed approach is based on nonlinear observer and does not require additional sensors. This observer is based on a sliding mode approach of high order, characterized by its robustness and convergence in finite time. The peculiarity of the developed approach is the joint estimation of two parameters, which are the effective radius and the rolling resistance. In fact, the observer provides a first solution for the rolling resistance dynamic estimation, in standard driving situations. The obtained Simulation results allow the analysis of the effect of tire pressure on the estimated variables and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Parameter estimation of one wheel vehicle using nonlinear observer","authors":"Nada Ouasli, Rached Ben Mehrez, L. El Amraoui","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7077074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7077074","url":null,"abstract":"The effective radius of the tire as well as the rolling resistance of a vehicle are two important variables that affect its dynamics, performance and comfort. Because of their dependence on tire pressure, the assessment of these variables can be used to monitor tire pressures using an indirect approach. By considering the vertical, longitudinal and rotational dynamics and using the wheels' angular velocities and the actuator torque measurements a nonlinear observer is developed from the variable's estimation. The proposed approach is based on nonlinear observer and does not require additional sensors. This observer is based on a sliding mode approach of high order, characterized by its robustness and convergence in finite time. The peculiarity of the developed approach is the joint estimation of two parameters, which are the effective radius and the rolling resistance. In fact, the observer provides a first solution for the rolling resistance dynamic estimation, in standard driving situations. The obtained Simulation results allow the analysis of the effect of tire pressure on the estimated variables and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122533335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076749
Asma Ben Hmida, S. Dhahri, A. Zitouni
The CABAC (Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) in the H.264/AVC standard consists of binarizer, arithmetic encoder, and bit generator. This paper presents hardware architecture design of the binarizer part of the CABAC (Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) entropy encoder as defined in the H.264/AVC video compression standard. The proposed architecture avoids the support of all the binarizer method. The proposed architecture avoids the support of all the binarizer method. After implemented in Verilog-HDL and synthesized with Xilinx ISE Design the proposed architecture consumes about 394 slices and can operate at frequencies up to 267 MHz.
H.264/AVC标准中的上下文自适应二进制算术编码(CABAC)由二进制化器、算术编码器和位生成器组成。本文介绍了H.264/AVC视频压缩标准中定义的基于上下文的自适应二进制算术编码(CABAC)熵编码器的二进制化部分的硬件结构设计。所提出的体系结构避免了所有二值化器方法的支持。所提出的体系结构避免了所有二值化器方法的支持。在Verilog-HDL中实现并与Xilinx ISE Design合成后，所提出的架构消耗约394个切片，可在高达267 MHz的频率下工作。
{"title":"A hardware architecture binarizer design for the H.264/ AVC CABAC entropy coding","authors":"Asma Ben Hmida, S. Dhahri, A. Zitouni","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076749","url":null,"abstract":"The CABAC (Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) in the H.264/AVC standard consists of binarizer, arithmetic encoder, and bit generator. This paper presents hardware architecture design of the binarizer part of the CABAC (Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) entropy encoder as defined in the H.264/AVC video compression standard. The proposed architecture avoids the support of all the binarizer method. The proposed architecture avoids the support of all the binarizer method. After implemented in Verilog-HDL and synthesized with Xilinx ISE Design the proposed architecture consumes about 394 slices and can operate at frequencies up to 267 MHz.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"25 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131213073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076997
M. Belmiloud, B. Raison, G. Rostaing
Power transformers, designed to transmit electrical power, are key components for the electrical grid and industrial processes. The transformers breakdowns generally lead to important availability losses principally due to difficulty to repair or exchange. Unavailability has a high cost in term of productivity and service quality. Unfortunately, due to their technical specificities and their high costs, the trend is to keep them in service as long as possible with lowest maintenance cost possible. To achieve such objectives, transformer health management techniques become more and more important. The transformer diagnosis tools are traditionally based on measurement analysis and expert knowledge.
{"title":"Case studies of transformers investigations with DGA and winding resistances","authors":"M. Belmiloud, B. Raison, G. Rostaing","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076997","url":null,"abstract":"Power transformers, designed to transmit electrical power, are key components for the electrical grid and industrial processes. The transformers breakdowns generally lead to important availability losses principally due to difficulty to repair or exchange. Unavailability has a high cost in term of productivity and service quality. Unfortunately, due to their technical specificities and their high costs, the trend is to keep them in service as long as possible with lowest maintenance cost possible. To achieve such objectives, transformer health management techniques become more and more important. The transformer diagnosis tools are traditionally based on measurement analysis and expert knowledge.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"10 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132655310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076963
Wassim Ben Chikha, I. Dayoub, R. Attia
Modulation recognition plays an important role in monitoring the intercepted signals for many applications such as, intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In this paper, we present an algorithm for modulation identification dedicated for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying broadcast channels with direct link over Nakagami-m fading. This is done based on a pattern recognition approach using higher order statistics (HOS) features and a decision tree (J48) classifier. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of space-time block coding (STBC) techniques, a comparative study is performed between the Quasi-Orthogonal STBC (QOSTBC) and the orthogonal STBC (OSTBC). Through the probability of identification and the and false alarms, we show that our proposed algorithm has the capability to discriminate between different M-ary shift keying linear modulation types in acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) even in the worst case of the Nakagani-m fading.
{"title":"Modulation detection in intelligent transportation systems based on cooperative MIMO networks over Nakagami-m Fading","authors":"Wassim Ben Chikha, I. Dayoub, R. Attia","doi":"10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTEM.2014.7076963","url":null,"abstract":"Modulation recognition plays an important role in monitoring the intercepted signals for many applications such as, intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In this paper, we present an algorithm for modulation identification dedicated for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying broadcast channels with direct link over Nakagami-m fading. This is done based on a pattern recognition approach using higher order statistics (HOS) features and a decision tree (J48) classifier. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of space-time block coding (STBC) techniques, a comparative study is performed between the Quasi-Orthogonal STBC (QOSTBC) and the orthogonal STBC (OSTBC). Through the probability of identification and the and false alarms, we show that our proposed algorithm has the capability to discriminate between different M-ary shift keying linear modulation types in acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) even in the worst case of the Nakagani-m fading.","PeriodicalId":115632,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM)","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133417378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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