Over the past few decades, the role of pharmacists has been shifted from medicines to patients’ care. This article is a literature review of the several published works concerning consumers’ perceptions toward community pharmacy services (CPS) from different Middle Eastern Arab countries (MEACs). To identify consumers’ perspectives toward CPS in the MEACs. Standard search strategies were adopted using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar for the published literatures (n=22) related to CPS in MEACs in the period between 2000 and 2022. All articles assessing customers’ perception towards CPS in the MEAC. Three themes were identified from the review articles: consumers’ perception toward community pharmacy practice, consumers’ perception toward the role of community pharmacists (CPs) and indicators to develop community pharmacy practice. Consumers showed varied perception toward different aspects of community pharmacy practice. The public showed good understanding toward the traditional role of CPs. Moreover, public is interested to extend the role of CPs. Several barriers were identified that limit the public from seeking medical advice from CPs.
{"title":"Community pharmacy services in Middle Eastern Arab countries: consumers’ perspective","authors":"Hisham Razzaq, S. Sulaiman, Sabin Thomas","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_162_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_162_22","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, the role of pharmacists has been shifted from medicines to patients’ care. This article is a literature review of the several published works concerning consumers’ perceptions toward community pharmacy services (CPS) from different Middle Eastern Arab countries (MEACs). To identify consumers’ perspectives toward CPS in the MEACs. Standard search strategies were adopted using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar for the published literatures (n=22) related to CPS in MEACs in the period between 2000 and 2022. All articles assessing customers’ perception towards CPS in the MEAC. Three themes were identified from the review articles: consumers’ perception toward community pharmacy practice, consumers’ perception toward the role of community pharmacists (CPs) and indicators to develop community pharmacy practice. Consumers showed varied perception toward different aspects of community pharmacy practice. The public showed good understanding toward the traditional role of CPs. Moreover, public is interested to extend the role of CPs. Several barriers were identified that limit the public from seeking medical advice from CPs.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"11 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41838360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. El-Nagdi, M. Youssef, H. Abd-El-khair, U. Elkelany, M. Abd-Elgawad, M. Dawood
Background Recently, there has been an increasing attempt to explore nature-friendly compounds that could be substitutes for chemically synthesized products. It was found that some plant residues and certain microorganisms, including antagonistic bacterial species such as Bacillus spp. associated with plants, can act as biocontrol agents, achieving various degrees of control against Meloidogyne incognita, as well as increasing the plant growth and yield parameters. Objectives This research was designed to study the effect of Bacillus subtilis (Bs) and B. pumilus (Bp) alone or in combination with pomegranate peel aqueous extract (PP) on root-knot nematode, M. incognita, infesting potato cv. Spunta, as well as to examine the biochemical changes and total microbial counts under field conditions. Materials and methods Overall,100 g of crushed pomegranate fruit peel (PP) water extract and two bacterial biocontrol agents were applied in a field experiment for controlling root-knot nematode, M. incognita. These bacteria, B. subtilis (Bs) and B. pumilus (Bp), were isolated from rhizosphere soil and identified according to standard microbiological characteristics. In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, potato cv. Spunta tubers were planted during winter growing season. After planting, each of the bacteria was added in the soil at the tested rate (107–109 CFU/ml). Moreover, some tubers that were planted in the soil served as untreated control. The treatments included (a) B. subtilis (Bs)+pomegranate peel (PP) residue extract, (b) B. pumilus (Bp)+PP residue extract, (c) PP residue extract+medium (M), (d) Bs, (e) Bp, (f) PP residue extract, (g) medium (M), and (h) untreated control. Results and conclusions Based on the percentages of juvenile reduction in soil at the harvest time, Bs+PP recorded 84.0% juvenile reduction followed by Bp+PP (82.3%), revealing combined treatments to be more effective than single treatments (78.4% by Bs and 72.8% by Bp). The examination of co-toxicity of the two applied combined treatments at the harvest stage showed synergistic effects. All treatments significantly (P≤0.05) increased plant growth and yield criteria, especially individual treatments. Biochemical compounds and the total bacterial and fungal counts in potato rhizosphere varied with different treatments. It could be concluded from the present study that the combined treatments of B. subtilis or B. pumilus +PP inhibited M. incognita proliferation in potatoes more than single treatments. However, single treatments improved plant growth and yield more than the combined cases. Biochemical changes and microbial counts of potatoes were influenced by different treatments.
{"title":"Effect of integration of two bacterial bioagents and a plant residue extract for biocontrolling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infesting potatoes","authors":"W. El-Nagdi, M. Youssef, H. Abd-El-khair, U. Elkelany, M. Abd-Elgawad, M. Dawood","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_119_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_119_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Recently, there has been an increasing attempt to explore nature-friendly compounds that could be substitutes for chemically synthesized products. It was found that some plant residues and certain microorganisms, including antagonistic bacterial species such as Bacillus spp. associated with plants, can act as biocontrol agents, achieving various degrees of control against Meloidogyne incognita, as well as increasing the plant growth and yield parameters. Objectives This research was designed to study the effect of Bacillus subtilis (Bs) and B. pumilus (Bp) alone or in combination with pomegranate peel aqueous extract (PP) on root-knot nematode, M. incognita, infesting potato cv. Spunta, as well as to examine the biochemical changes and total microbial counts under field conditions. Materials and methods Overall,100 g of crushed pomegranate fruit peel (PP) water extract and two bacterial biocontrol agents were applied in a field experiment for controlling root-knot nematode, M. incognita. These bacteria, B. subtilis (Bs) and B. pumilus (Bp), were isolated from rhizosphere soil and identified according to standard microbiological characteristics. In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, potato cv. Spunta tubers were planted during winter growing season. After planting, each of the bacteria was added in the soil at the tested rate (107–109 CFU/ml). Moreover, some tubers that were planted in the soil served as untreated control. The treatments included (a) B. subtilis (Bs)+pomegranate peel (PP) residue extract, (b) B. pumilus (Bp)+PP residue extract, (c) PP residue extract+medium (M), (d) Bs, (e) Bp, (f) PP residue extract, (g) medium (M), and (h) untreated control. Results and conclusions Based on the percentages of juvenile reduction in soil at the harvest time, Bs+PP recorded 84.0% juvenile reduction followed by Bp+PP (82.3%), revealing combined treatments to be more effective than single treatments (78.4% by Bs and 72.8% by Bp). The examination of co-toxicity of the two applied combined treatments at the harvest stage showed synergistic effects. All treatments significantly (P≤0.05) increased plant growth and yield criteria, especially individual treatments. Biochemical compounds and the total bacterial and fungal counts in potato rhizosphere varied with different treatments. It could be concluded from the present study that the combined treatments of B. subtilis or B. pumilus +PP inhibited M. incognita proliferation in potatoes more than single treatments. However, single treatments improved plant growth and yield more than the combined cases. Biochemical changes and microbial counts of potatoes were influenced by different treatments.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"67 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43846360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ghanem, W. Tawfik, El-sayed Mahdy, M. Abdelgawad, T. Mohamed, A. Hamed, Shingi Ohta, Mohamed Hegazy, N. Abdel-Azim, A. Shahat, Moustafa El-Missiry
Background The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) has played a significant role in medical history, being used to relieve a wide range of illnesses in traditional medicine. The value of olive leaves came from their medicinal and nutritional properties. In recent times, it has been proven that there is a potential role of leaves in cancer prevention and inflammatory illnesses. Objective The purpose of this study was to look at the chemical makeup of methylene chloride fraction and also to evaluate the chemopreventive properties and the anti-inflammatory activity of different olive leave fractions using hepa1c1c7 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharides, respectively. Materials and methods Air-dried powdered olive leaves were defatted with hexane, and the marc was then soaked in 80% methanol and successively extracted with CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. Phytochemical investigation of CH2Cl2 fraction was done. The chemopreventive effect was determined in vitro using a hepa1c1c7 human carcinoma cell line, and the anti-inflammatory was carried out using RAW264.7 macrophages. Results and conclusion One novel compound, identified and given the name oleuropeinone (1), was obtained together with two known compounds, blumenol A (2) and megaritolactonol (3). Spectroscopic data such as 1H and 13C NMR were used to identify their chemical structures. The CH2Cl2 fraction is the most effective fraction to inhibit inflammatory markers inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 protein expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, it has a potent effect in inducing the chemopreventive marker NQO1 protein expression.
{"title":"A new terpenoid from Olea europaea L. leaves and potential aptitude of different leaf extracts as anti-inflammatory agents","authors":"M. Ghanem, W. Tawfik, El-sayed Mahdy, M. Abdelgawad, T. Mohamed, A. Hamed, Shingi Ohta, Mohamed Hegazy, N. Abdel-Azim, A. Shahat, Moustafa El-Missiry","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_131_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_131_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) has played a significant role in medical history, being used to relieve a wide range of illnesses in traditional medicine. The value of olive leaves came from their medicinal and nutritional properties. In recent times, it has been proven that there is a potential role of leaves in cancer prevention and inflammatory illnesses. Objective The purpose of this study was to look at the chemical makeup of methylene chloride fraction and also to evaluate the chemopreventive properties and the anti-inflammatory activity of different olive leave fractions using hepa1c1c7 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharides, respectively. Materials and methods Air-dried powdered olive leaves were defatted with hexane, and the marc was then soaked in 80% methanol and successively extracted with CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. Phytochemical investigation of CH2Cl2 fraction was done. The chemopreventive effect was determined in vitro using a hepa1c1c7 human carcinoma cell line, and the anti-inflammatory was carried out using RAW264.7 macrophages. Results and conclusion One novel compound, identified and given the name oleuropeinone (1), was obtained together with two known compounds, blumenol A (2) and megaritolactonol (3). Spectroscopic data such as 1H and 13C NMR were used to identify their chemical structures. The CH2Cl2 fraction is the most effective fraction to inhibit inflammatory markers inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 protein expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, it has a potent effect in inducing the chemopreventive marker NQO1 protein expression.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"87 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42522702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Syame, Khaled Lotfy, A. Abdel-Razik, E. Elgabry, H. Abouelhag, E. Fouad, A. Hakim
Background Nonthermal atmospheric pressure sterilization is one of the suggested and efficient techniques to hinder the spread of illnesses. Reactive species such as oxygen, hydroxyl, and other radicals play a prime role in the mechanism of plasma sterilization. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most prevalent cause of primary bacteremia and infections of indwelling medical instruments. The ability to induce disease is related to its natural niche on the skin and capability to adhere and form a biofilm on foreign surfaces. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a zoonotic pathogen frequently isolated from infections related to the presence of bacterial biofilm on devices, such as catheters, which are responsible for loss of patients’ health. Objective S. epidermidis and K. pneumoniae are being combated due to their high frequency of occurrence and ability to form biofilms as survival and virulence characteristics. These particular benefits impose a significant financial burden on hospitals. Materials and methods In this study, the nonthermal plasma treatment induced by surface dielectric-barrier discharge was used to destruct the developed biofilm formed by clinical S. epidermidis and K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical cases of small ruminants. The biofilms were induced in vivo by catheter-based rat model preparation. The biofilms were examined before and after the treatment using a scanning electron microscope. Results and conclusion The produced nonthermal plasma degenerated and reduced the number of adherent and aggregated viable bacteria.
{"title":"Antibacterial impact of nonthermal atmospheric plasma on catheter-based biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from small ruminants in vivo","authors":"S. Syame, Khaled Lotfy, A. Abdel-Razik, E. Elgabry, H. Abouelhag, E. Fouad, A. Hakim","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_172_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_172_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Nonthermal atmospheric pressure sterilization is one of the suggested and efficient techniques to hinder the spread of illnesses. Reactive species such as oxygen, hydroxyl, and other radicals play a prime role in the mechanism of plasma sterilization. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most prevalent cause of primary bacteremia and infections of indwelling medical instruments. The ability to induce disease is related to its natural niche on the skin and capability to adhere and form a biofilm on foreign surfaces. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a zoonotic pathogen frequently isolated from infections related to the presence of bacterial biofilm on devices, such as catheters, which are responsible for loss of patients’ health. Objective S. epidermidis and K. pneumoniae are being combated due to their high frequency of occurrence and ability to form biofilms as survival and virulence characteristics. These particular benefits impose a significant financial burden on hospitals. Materials and methods In this study, the nonthermal plasma treatment induced by surface dielectric-barrier discharge was used to destruct the developed biofilm formed by clinical S. epidermidis and K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical cases of small ruminants. The biofilms were induced in vivo by catheter-based rat model preparation. The biofilms were examined before and after the treatment using a scanning electron microscope. Results and conclusion The produced nonthermal plasma degenerated and reduced the number of adherent and aggregated viable bacteria.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"143 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43242407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amira T. Mohammed, Abeer-Hashem A. Mahmoud, Mamdouh M. Ali, Doaa M. Ibrahim, S. Fathy
Background and objective Valorization of olive pomace (OP) by solid-state fermentation of the generally regarded as safe yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus was reported to enhance its antioxidant activity. However, a detailed identification of bioactive compounds present in unfermented OP and fermented OP was not clarified. The aim of the present study was to identify the major classes of bioactive compounds, and alteration in the phenolic profile after fermentation to explain the enhanced therapeutic activity of OP after fermentation. Materials and methods Methanolic extracts of unfermented OP and fermented OP were subjected to qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis. Moreover, both extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis using different phenolic compounds’ standards. Also, total antioxidant capacity of both extracts was evaluated. Results Simple phenols, tannin, phlobatannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, alkaloids, carbohydrates, sterols, and triterpenes are the major phytochemical classes present in both extracts. While both extracts lack saponin, anthraquinones, free amino acids, free cholesterol, and polyuronides. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed that fermentation of OP by K. marxianus led to a sharp increase in rutin, vanillin, and cinnamic acid contents by 69.22, 39.35, and 31.40%, respectively. This was accompanied with 22.78, 7.07, and 5.81% increase in quercetin, catechin, and syringic acid contents, respectively. While gallic, caffeic, and coumaric acid contents were decreased after fermentation by 59.24, 55.25, and 53.96%, respectively. Methanolic extracts of unfermented OP and fermented OP showed a maximum total antioxidant capacity of 144.81±1.47 and 187.57±4.00 mgVCE/l at a concentration of 10 and 6 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion Solid-state fermentation of OP with K. marxianus strongly affected its total antioxidant capacity by increasing its content of several bioactive compounds.
{"title":"Enhancing antioxidant activity of olive pomace with reinforcing its phenolic compounds by fermentation","authors":"Amira T. Mohammed, Abeer-Hashem A. Mahmoud, Mamdouh M. Ali, Doaa M. Ibrahim, S. Fathy","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_53_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_53_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective Valorization of olive pomace (OP) by solid-state fermentation of the generally regarded as safe yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus was reported to enhance its antioxidant activity. However, a detailed identification of bioactive compounds present in unfermented OP and fermented OP was not clarified. The aim of the present study was to identify the major classes of bioactive compounds, and alteration in the phenolic profile after fermentation to explain the enhanced therapeutic activity of OP after fermentation. Materials and methods Methanolic extracts of unfermented OP and fermented OP were subjected to qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis. Moreover, both extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis using different phenolic compounds’ standards. Also, total antioxidant capacity of both extracts was evaluated. Results Simple phenols, tannin, phlobatannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, alkaloids, carbohydrates, sterols, and triterpenes are the major phytochemical classes present in both extracts. While both extracts lack saponin, anthraquinones, free amino acids, free cholesterol, and polyuronides. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed that fermentation of OP by K. marxianus led to a sharp increase in rutin, vanillin, and cinnamic acid contents by 69.22, 39.35, and 31.40%, respectively. This was accompanied with 22.78, 7.07, and 5.81% increase in quercetin, catechin, and syringic acid contents, respectively. While gallic, caffeic, and coumaric acid contents were decreased after fermentation by 59.24, 55.25, and 53.96%, respectively. Methanolic extracts of unfermented OP and fermented OP showed a maximum total antioxidant capacity of 144.81±1.47 and 187.57±4.00 mgVCE/l at a concentration of 10 and 6 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion Solid-state fermentation of OP with K. marxianus strongly affected its total antioxidant capacity by increasing its content of several bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"440 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45784414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Elbouny, Ibrahim Ouahzizi, A. Bakali, K. Sellam, C. Alem
Morocco is characterized by a great richness and biodiversity in Thymus plants. This genus is represented in this country by 22 thyme species and subspecies, 13 of which are endemic. The present review aims to study the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and biological aspects of these thyme species. To carry out this study, the research studies on Moroccan Thymus plants were reviewed in the scientific literature. We found that the species of this genus have widespread uses and applications in Moroccan folk medicine. These plants possess potent pharmacological and biological properties. Moreover, the extracts and volatile oils of thyme plants are rich in a wide variety of phenolic and terpene compounds. These bioactive compounds exert countless biological and pharmacological properties. The present review concludes that there is an important biodiversity in thyme species in Morocco. These species are endowed with several biological properties and ethnopharmacological uses. However, several species of this genus are still not exploited and need more botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigations.
{"title":"A review on Moroccan thyme species: ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and biological aspects","authors":"H. Elbouny, Ibrahim Ouahzizi, A. Bakali, K. Sellam, C. Alem","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_83_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_83_22","url":null,"abstract":"Morocco is characterized by a great richness and biodiversity in Thymus plants. This genus is represented in this country by 22 thyme species and subspecies, 13 of which are endemic. The present review aims to study the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and biological aspects of these thyme species. To carry out this study, the research studies on Moroccan Thymus plants were reviewed in the scientific literature. We found that the species of this genus have widespread uses and applications in Moroccan folk medicine. These plants possess potent pharmacological and biological properties. Moreover, the extracts and volatile oils of thyme plants are rich in a wide variety of phenolic and terpene compounds. These bioactive compounds exert countless biological and pharmacological properties. The present review concludes that there is an important biodiversity in thyme species in Morocco. These species are endowed with several biological properties and ethnopharmacological uses. However, several species of this genus are still not exploited and need more botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigations.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"401 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42176971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdul Nafih, U. Mateti, Pradeep Shenoy, Sirimalla Shivaprasad, Jagadeesan Moorthy
Background Patients treated with hemodialysis and renal transplant require complex therapy regimens that manage comorbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and so on; as a result, they may develop drug-related issues. Inappropriate medication usage raises the risk of drug related problems, which can manifest as excessively extended hospital stays, higher expenses, and overuse of medical services. Prescribing pattern among the patients treated with hemodialysis and renal transplantation are not well characterized previously. Objectives The objective of the study is to investigate drug prescription trends in hemodialysis patients and to study the prescribing patterns of medications in kidney transplantation patients. Materials and methods The prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 8 months, i.e. from October 2021 to June 2022 in end stage CKD patients treating with maintenance hemodialysis and renal transplant. Different classes of drugs prescribed and percentage of drugs per prescription was estimated in this study. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results 105 patients recruited have been analyzed of which 76 (72.38%) were male and 29 (27.6%) were female. Polypharmacy (use of ≥5 medications) was observed in 91.5% in hemodialysis patients and 100% in renal transplant patients.The most prescribed drugs in hemodialysis patients were Cardiovascular Drugs 72 (100%), and in renal transplant patients, immunosuppressant were highly prescribed 33 (100%). Conclusion This study concludes that the cardiovascular agents and immunosuppressant were the most common drugs prescribed among the hemodialysis and renal transplant patients respectively. polypharmacy among overall patients were observed and it may initiate drug related problems.
{"title":"A study on prescribing patterns in hemodialysis and renal transplantation patients","authors":"Abdul Nafih, U. Mateti, Pradeep Shenoy, Sirimalla Shivaprasad, Jagadeesan Moorthy","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_89_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_89_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Patients treated with hemodialysis and renal transplant require complex therapy regimens that manage comorbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and so on; as a result, they may develop drug-related issues. Inappropriate medication usage raises the risk of drug related problems, which can manifest as excessively extended hospital stays, higher expenses, and overuse of medical services. Prescribing pattern among the patients treated with hemodialysis and renal transplantation are not well characterized previously. Objectives The objective of the study is to investigate drug prescription trends in hemodialysis patients and to study the prescribing patterns of medications in kidney transplantation patients. Materials and methods The prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 8 months, i.e. from October 2021 to June 2022 in end stage CKD patients treating with maintenance hemodialysis and renal transplant. Different classes of drugs prescribed and percentage of drugs per prescription was estimated in this study. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results 105 patients recruited have been analyzed of which 76 (72.38%) were male and 29 (27.6%) were female. Polypharmacy (use of ≥5 medications) was observed in 91.5% in hemodialysis patients and 100% in renal transplant patients.The most prescribed drugs in hemodialysis patients were Cardiovascular Drugs 72 (100%), and in renal transplant patients, immunosuppressant were highly prescribed 33 (100%). Conclusion This study concludes that the cardiovascular agents and immunosuppressant were the most common drugs prescribed among the hemodialysis and renal transplant patients respectively. polypharmacy among overall patients were observed and it may initiate drug related problems.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"496 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasmin G. Kortam, Wafaa M. Abd El-Rahim, O. Barakat, U. Segai, M. Zakaria, H. Moawad
Background The growing threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of new and effective antibiotics for pathogen control. Bacteria are widely distributed in nature and have a wide applied biotechnological potential for cleaning up the environment. They have been demonstrated by their ability to produce thousands of novel bioactive metabolites with many potential applications in agriculture, medical, pharmaceutical industries, and bioremediation. The nature and yield of the secondary metabolites produced by the bacteria are greatly influenced by nutrition factors and fermentation conditions. So, the bioactive metabolites can be increased by several folds by applying optimization studies of the factors affecting the production process. Objective To optimize antibiotic production against Bacillus cereus by a potent bacterial strain isolated from hot springs and identification of the antibiotic compounds produced by such a bacterial strain. Materials and methods Bacillus licheniformis mutant (M15/Amo) obtained by ethyl methane sulfonate treatment was optimized for antibiotic production. A Plackett–Burman Design was employed to determine the influence of independent variables on the antibiotic production by the B. licheniformis mutant strain. Response surface methodology was further used by applying a Box–Behnken Design to optimize the more effective variables. Supernatants were extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The crude compounds were assayed to confirm the presence of antibacterial bioactive metabolites. The analysis of the target antimicrobial metabolites was performed using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Results and conclusion The study is a trail to find microorganisms capable of producing antibiotics against B. cereus and optimize the conditions of antibiotic production by the isolated bacteria from hot springs. The highest antibiotic production was achieved in the presence of glucose and peptone as optimum carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimization of medium composition and fermentation conditions to produce antibiotics by the B. licheniformis mutant strain was studied. The effect of seven factors on antibiotic production was investigated. Optimization of antibiotic production by the B. licheniformis mutant strain using statistical modeling revealed that the mutant (M15/Amo) gave the highest antibiotic production using 3% glucose, 2.5% peptone, incubation time of 60 h at pH 7.5. The analysis of the extracts using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry showed the presence of seven compounds that have antipathogenic activity.
{"title":"Optimization of antibiotic production against Bacillus cereus by a mutant strain of Bacillus licheniformis isolated from Egyptian Hamam Pharaon hot springs","authors":"Yasmin G. Kortam, Wafaa M. Abd El-Rahim, O. Barakat, U. Segai, M. Zakaria, H. Moawad","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_91_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_91_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background The growing threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of new and effective antibiotics for pathogen control. Bacteria are widely distributed in nature and have a wide applied biotechnological potential for cleaning up the environment. They have been demonstrated by their ability to produce thousands of novel bioactive metabolites with many potential applications in agriculture, medical, pharmaceutical industries, and bioremediation. The nature and yield of the secondary metabolites produced by the bacteria are greatly influenced by nutrition factors and fermentation conditions. So, the bioactive metabolites can be increased by several folds by applying optimization studies of the factors affecting the production process. Objective To optimize antibiotic production against Bacillus cereus by a potent bacterial strain isolated from hot springs and identification of the antibiotic compounds produced by such a bacterial strain. Materials and methods Bacillus licheniformis mutant (M15/Amo) obtained by ethyl methane sulfonate treatment was optimized for antibiotic production. A Plackett–Burman Design was employed to determine the influence of independent variables on the antibiotic production by the B. licheniformis mutant strain. Response surface methodology was further used by applying a Box–Behnken Design to optimize the more effective variables. Supernatants were extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The crude compounds were assayed to confirm the presence of antibacterial bioactive metabolites. The analysis of the target antimicrobial metabolites was performed using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Results and conclusion The study is a trail to find microorganisms capable of producing antibiotics against B. cereus and optimize the conditions of antibiotic production by the isolated bacteria from hot springs. The highest antibiotic production was achieved in the presence of glucose and peptone as optimum carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimization of medium composition and fermentation conditions to produce antibiotics by the B. licheniformis mutant strain was studied. The effect of seven factors on antibiotic production was investigated. Optimization of antibiotic production by the B. licheniformis mutant strain using statistical modeling revealed that the mutant (M15/Amo) gave the highest antibiotic production using 3% glucose, 2.5% peptone, incubation time of 60 h at pH 7.5. The analysis of the extracts using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry showed the presence of seven compounds that have antipathogenic activity.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"502 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48023462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Varghese, N. Kandra, Y. Vangoori, P. Uppala, Upendra Uttaravelli, S. Saibaba, Butti Lavanya, M. Balijepalli
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an infrequent, multisystemic, fatal, immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. SJS may be due to adverse effects of drug intake often characterized by mucocutaneous rash, bullae, and blisters spread over the skin and mucous membranes, hyperpigmentation, puffiness, erosive lesions on lips and face. The most common cause of drug-induced SJS is antimicrobials, followed by NSAIDs, allopurinol, antipsychotics, and antiepileptic drugs. Two cases of atypical SJS presentation associated with the use of theophylline and meloxicam are reported here. Early identification and appropriate corticosteroid therapy might improve the condition. The reason for publishing these case reports is to raise an alarm among our health care fraternity and common man regarding medication-induced SJS, which may be dreadful especially due to theophylline used in bronchial asthma and meloxicam used for osteoarthritis and thereby preventing the expected serious sequelae in SJS.
{"title":"Theophylline and meloxicam-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS): rare case reports","authors":"A. Varghese, N. Kandra, Y. Vangoori, P. Uppala, Upendra Uttaravelli, S. Saibaba, Butti Lavanya, M. Balijepalli","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_69_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_69_22","url":null,"abstract":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an infrequent, multisystemic, fatal, immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. SJS may be due to adverse effects of drug intake often characterized by mucocutaneous rash, bullae, and blisters spread over the skin and mucous membranes, hyperpigmentation, puffiness, erosive lesions on lips and face. The most common cause of drug-induced SJS is antimicrobials, followed by NSAIDs, allopurinol, antipsychotics, and antiepileptic drugs. Two cases of atypical SJS presentation associated with the use of theophylline and meloxicam are reported here. Early identification and appropriate corticosteroid therapy might improve the condition. The reason for publishing these case reports is to raise an alarm among our health care fraternity and common man regarding medication-induced SJS, which may be dreadful especially due to theophylline used in bronchial asthma and meloxicam used for osteoarthritis and thereby preventing the expected serious sequelae in SJS.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"531 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45552863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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