Background and objectives Thermal stress arising from climate change is a crucial issue that threatens the livestock worldwide. It has various and wide range of effects on livestock’s reproductive performance. Buffalo is a main livestock in the Egyptian agricultural sector, and its’ susceptibility to the ambient temperature negatively affects its reproductive performance. Thus, it is important to study how the thermal stress affects the bubaline oocytes at both cytological and molecular levels. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of thermal stress for two different periods on the maturation of bubaline oocytes under in vitro conditions and screen the expression of various genes responsible for some mechanisms related to thermal stress alleviation, cumulus expansion, and apoptosis. Materials and methods Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were retrieved from buffalo ovaries and divided into three groups (C, T1, and T2) and underwent in-vitro maturation after being examined for quality. During the first 2/6 h of in-vitro maturation, good-quality COCs were exposed to 40.5°C and thereafter continued their maturation at 38.5°C. The COCs were denuded from the surrounding cumulus cells 22–24 h after maturation and were either preserved for RNA isolation in −80°C freezer or fixed for molecular maturation evaluation using Hoechst staining. The total RNA was isolated from three biological replicates of the three COC groups (C, T1, and T2) using Pico-pure RNA isolation kit, followed by cDNA synthesis for the genes of interest using real-time PCR (qPCR). Statistical analysis was performed for the obtained results for discussion and conclusion. Results The nuclear maturation declined more in the oocytes exposed to longer period of thermal stress than those exposed to short period of thermal stress. The longer the oocytes exposed to thermal stress, the higher was the expression of heat shock genes. The expression of heat shock genes was more expressed in cumulus cells in different groups than their corresponding oocytes. Moreover, expression of apoptosis-inducing gene (BAX) increased more in COCs exposed to long period of thermal stress than those in short period and control groups. This effect was also visible more in cumulus cells than in their corresponding oocytes. Although the cumulus expansion showed no significant change in pattern, the cumulus marker genes showed reverse relation with the period of the thermal stress, suggesting alteration in extracellular matrix proteins. Conclusion Heat stress affected negatively the nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes by downregulation of cumulus expansion (PTX3, TNFAIP6, and HAS2) genes and upregulation of proapoptotic (BAX) gene under in vitro conditions. In response to this harmful situation, the cumulus cells surrounding oocytes undergo complex molecular mechanisms to adapt to the thermal shock by upregulation of heat shock transcripts (HSF1, HSF2, HSP90, and HSP70) and antiapoptotsis gene (BCL2) to
{"title":"Expression of heat shock and apoptosis genes in riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cumulus–oocyte complexes during in-vitro maturation under thermal stress conditions","authors":"B. Khalil, Salah El-Assal, Nasser Ghanem","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_16_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_16_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives Thermal stress arising from climate change is a crucial issue that threatens the livestock worldwide. It has various and wide range of effects on livestock’s reproductive performance. Buffalo is a main livestock in the Egyptian agricultural sector, and its’ susceptibility to the ambient temperature negatively affects its reproductive performance. Thus, it is important to study how the thermal stress affects the bubaline oocytes at both cytological and molecular levels. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of thermal stress for two different periods on the maturation of bubaline oocytes under in vitro conditions and screen the expression of various genes responsible for some mechanisms related to thermal stress alleviation, cumulus expansion, and apoptosis. Materials and methods Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were retrieved from buffalo ovaries and divided into three groups (C, T1, and T2) and underwent in-vitro maturation after being examined for quality. During the first 2/6 h of in-vitro maturation, good-quality COCs were exposed to 40.5°C and thereafter continued their maturation at 38.5°C. The COCs were denuded from the surrounding cumulus cells 22–24 h after maturation and were either preserved for RNA isolation in −80°C freezer or fixed for molecular maturation evaluation using Hoechst staining. The total RNA was isolated from three biological replicates of the three COC groups (C, T1, and T2) using Pico-pure RNA isolation kit, followed by cDNA synthesis for the genes of interest using real-time PCR (qPCR). Statistical analysis was performed for the obtained results for discussion and conclusion. Results The nuclear maturation declined more in the oocytes exposed to longer period of thermal stress than those exposed to short period of thermal stress. The longer the oocytes exposed to thermal stress, the higher was the expression of heat shock genes. The expression of heat shock genes was more expressed in cumulus cells in different groups than their corresponding oocytes. Moreover, expression of apoptosis-inducing gene (BAX) increased more in COCs exposed to long period of thermal stress than those in short period and control groups. This effect was also visible more in cumulus cells than in their corresponding oocytes. Although the cumulus expansion showed no significant change in pattern, the cumulus marker genes showed reverse relation with the period of the thermal stress, suggesting alteration in extracellular matrix proteins. Conclusion Heat stress affected negatively the nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes by downregulation of cumulus expansion (PTX3, TNFAIP6, and HAS2) genes and upregulation of proapoptotic (BAX) gene under in vitro conditions. In response to this harmful situation, the cumulus cells surrounding oocytes undergo complex molecular mechanisms to adapt to the thermal shock by upregulation of heat shock transcripts (HSF1, HSF2, HSP90, and HSP70) and antiapoptotsis gene (BCL2) to","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaimaa I. M. Elsayed, Samah El-Sayed, M. Mohamed, A. Abdalla
Background Essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens plant (Geraniaceae family) is one of the most significant essential oils produced in Egypt for the domestic market and abroad. Plant extracts have been demonstrated to promote plant development by increasing the efficiency with which nutrients are used and by reducing the impact of different biotic or abiotic stresses on plants. Water regime is one of the great important factors that affect plant growth, oil production and the availability and supply of soil moisture not only governed the rate and type of growth but also commanded the availability of plant nutrients. Objective The aim of this work was to choose the most suitable irrigation intervals with the best concentration of moringa leaf extract to obtain strong growth characteristics and a high oil yield and quality of Pelargonium graveolens under drip irrigation system. Materials and methods This study was carried out in the Experimental Research Station of National Research Centre with a factorial experiment in complete block design contains 9 treatments which are the interaction of three irrigation treatments (every 2 days, 3 days and every 4 days) with three levels of moringa leaf extracts (MLE) as foliar application (0, 0.6 and 0.9%) for two cuts during the two successive seasons of 2020 and 2021. Results and conclusion The plants were irrigated every 4 days and sprayed with MLE at concentration 0.9% illustrated positive effect on growth parameters, chemical composition, herb yield per plant (g) and per ha. (ton) as well as essential oil yield. Regarding the effect on essential oil composition the GC-MS analysis revealed that MLE treatment improved the volatile oil constituents and showed that citronellol, α-eudesmol and cis-geraniol are the main components for essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens herb for two cuts.
{"title":"Growth, yield and volatile oil of Pelargonium graveolens as affected by spraying of moringa leaves extract under different irrigation intervals","authors":"Shaimaa I. M. Elsayed, Samah El-Sayed, M. Mohamed, A. Abdalla","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_40_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_40_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens plant (Geraniaceae family) is one of the most significant essential oils produced in Egypt for the domestic market and abroad. Plant extracts have been demonstrated to promote plant development by increasing the efficiency with which nutrients are used and by reducing the impact of different biotic or abiotic stresses on plants. Water regime is one of the great important factors that affect plant growth, oil production and the availability and supply of soil moisture not only governed the rate and type of growth but also commanded the availability of plant nutrients. Objective The aim of this work was to choose the most suitable irrigation intervals with the best concentration of moringa leaf extract to obtain strong growth characteristics and a high oil yield and quality of Pelargonium graveolens under drip irrigation system. Materials and methods This study was carried out in the Experimental Research Station of National Research Centre with a factorial experiment in complete block design contains 9 treatments which are the interaction of three irrigation treatments (every 2 days, 3 days and every 4 days) with three levels of moringa leaf extracts (MLE) as foliar application (0, 0.6 and 0.9%) for two cuts during the two successive seasons of 2020 and 2021. Results and conclusion The plants were irrigated every 4 days and sprayed with MLE at concentration 0.9% illustrated positive effect on growth parameters, chemical composition, herb yield per plant (g) and per ha. (ton) as well as essential oil yield. Regarding the effect on essential oil composition the GC-MS analysis revealed that MLE treatment improved the volatile oil constituents and showed that citronellol, α-eudesmol and cis-geraniol are the main components for essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens herb for two cuts.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Fouad, H. Fouad, E. Aziz, Osama Nofal, A. Rezk, A. El-Nasharty, E. Omer
Background Rosemary is an important medicinal plant and one of the main aromatic spices in the world. Nowadays, it is very important to use natural substances such as algae and yeast in the green agriculture to increase quantity and quality of crops, in addition to preserving environment from the harms of using chemicals in the agriculture. Objective The study aimed to investigate growth, yield, and active constituents of rosemary under foliar spraying of different concentrations of both algae and yeast extracts. Materials and methods The experiment was performed during the two successive seasons 2019 and 2020 in completely randomized blocks design and consisted of seven treatments: two biostimulants with three levels of each factor, in addition to the control (tap water). Algae extract was sprayed with concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 g/l, whereas yeast concentrations were 5, 10, and 20 g/l. The growth parameters, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, essential oil percentage, yield, and its main constituents were studied. Results and conclusion The main components of essential oil were found to be endo-borneol followed by (+)-2-bornanone. The growth, yield, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, essential oil, and the main components of rosemary increased with all used concentrations of algae and yeast extracts compared with control. These increments reached their maximum with application of algae at 1 and 2 g/l and yeast extract at 10 and 20 g/l. In general, spraying yeast extract resulted in the highest average of growth, yield, and chemical constituents of rosemary, and the best parameters were obtained by spraying yeast at 20 g/l. It is recommended to spray rosemary with yeast extract at a dose of 20 g/l to obtain the best plant herbal yield, essential oil, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Effect of algae and yeast on the production of essential oil and some active constituents in rosemary","authors":"R. Fouad, H. Fouad, E. Aziz, Osama Nofal, A. Rezk, A. El-Nasharty, E. Omer","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_17_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_17_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Rosemary is an important medicinal plant and one of the main aromatic spices in the world. Nowadays, it is very important to use natural substances such as algae and yeast in the green agriculture to increase quantity and quality of crops, in addition to preserving environment from the harms of using chemicals in the agriculture. Objective The study aimed to investigate growth, yield, and active constituents of rosemary under foliar spraying of different concentrations of both algae and yeast extracts. Materials and methods The experiment was performed during the two successive seasons 2019 and 2020 in completely randomized blocks design and consisted of seven treatments: two biostimulants with three levels of each factor, in addition to the control (tap water). Algae extract was sprayed with concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 g/l, whereas yeast concentrations were 5, 10, and 20 g/l. The growth parameters, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, essential oil percentage, yield, and its main constituents were studied. Results and conclusion The main components of essential oil were found to be endo-borneol followed by (+)-2-bornanone. The growth, yield, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, essential oil, and the main components of rosemary increased with all used concentrations of algae and yeast extracts compared with control. These increments reached their maximum with application of algae at 1 and 2 g/l and yeast extract at 10 and 20 g/l. In general, spraying yeast extract resulted in the highest average of growth, yield, and chemical constituents of rosemary, and the best parameters were obtained by spraying yeast at 20 g/l. It is recommended to spray rosemary with yeast extract at a dose of 20 g/l to obtain the best plant herbal yield, essential oil, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonly diagnosed cancer among the three top ranked cancer induced mortality in cancer patients worldwide. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib has been used as systemic therapy with a demonstrated survival benefit in HCC. Objectives The present work was conducted to investigate the multiple targets that may be involved in the action of sorafenib in treatment of HCC and development of drug resistance. Materials and methods Four groups of Swiss albino rats were assigned for 12 weeks treatment as the following: group (I) untreated control, group (II): rats received Diethyl Nitrosamine(DEN) (200 mg/kg, i.p)+Carbon Tetra Chloride (CCl4)(3 ml/kg, sc) every week for the first eight weeks, group (III): daily treatment with sorafenib (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for last 4 weeks, group (IV) sorafenib treatment after DEN + CCl4 treatment. Blood samples, and liver tissues were removed for collection to perform biochemical analysis (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin D1 (CD1), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), caspase-3, and gene expression of AKT, and ERK 1/2, as well as histological examinations. Results and conclusion Administration of diethyl nitrosamine and carbon tetra chloride showed severe changes in all measured parameters and histological photomicrographs. Daily treatment with sorafenib markedly decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin D1 (CD1), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) accompanied by improvement of active caspase-3. Sorafenib succeeded in restoring the gene expression of ERK 1/2 and AKT level and refinement of histological patterns in animals induced with DEN and CCL4. Sorafenib interrupts various cell communication pathways that control cancer progression, angiogenesis, and cell survival. Sorafenib regulates the AKT/ERK signaling pathway in HCC. study highlights the importance of investigating other therapeutic targets that may help combat sorafenib resistance in relation to different DNA repair mechanisms.
背景 肝细胞癌（HCC）是一种常见的癌症，在全球癌症患者因癌症导致的死亡率中位居前三位。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂索拉非尼已被用作全身治疗，并已证明对 HCC 患者的生存有益。本研究旨在探讨索拉非尼治疗 HCC 时可能涉及的多个靶点以及耐药性的产生。材料和方法 将四组瑞士白化大鼠分配为以下几组，进行为期 12 周的治疗：组（I）为未治疗对照组；组（II）：前八周每周接受亚硝胺二乙酯（DEN）（200 毫克/千克，静注）+四氯化 碳（CCl4）（3 毫升/千克， sc）治疗；组（III）：最后四周每天接受索拉非尼（10 毫克/千克，p.o.）治疗；组（IV）在接受 DEN + CCl4 治疗后接受索拉非尼治疗。采集血样和肝组织进行生化分析（丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）、B细胞淋巴瘤 2（Bcl-2）、细胞周期蛋白 D1（CD1）、活化 B 细胞的核因子卡巴轻链增强子（NF-kB）、Caspase-3、AKT 和 ERK 1/2的基因表达）以及组织学检查。结果和结论 施用亚硝胺二乙酯和四氯化碳会导致所有测量参数和组织学显微照片发生严重变化。索拉非尼的日常治疗显著降低了 B 细胞淋巴瘤 2（Bcl-2）、细胞周期蛋白 D1（CD1）、活化 B 细胞的核因子卡巴轻链增强子（NF-kB），同时改善了活性 caspase-3。索拉非尼成功地恢复了ERK 1/2和AKT的基因表达水平，并改善了用DEN和CCL4诱导的动物的组织学形态。索拉非尼能中断控制癌症进展、血管生成和细胞存活的各种细胞通讯途径。索拉非尼调节HCC中的AKT/ERK信号通路。该研究强调了研究其他治疗靶点的重要性，这些靶点可能有助于对抗与不同DNA修复机制有关的索拉非尼耐药性。
{"title":"Multiple targets modulation of Bcl-2/CD1, caspase-3 and refinement of AKT/ERK signalling by sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma in rats; comprehensive outlook","authors":"M. Hamzawy, Laila A Rahsed, Sayed Mizar","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_37_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_37_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonly diagnosed cancer among the three top ranked cancer induced mortality in cancer patients worldwide. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib has been used as systemic therapy with a demonstrated survival benefit in HCC. Objectives The present work was conducted to investigate the multiple targets that may be involved in the action of sorafenib in treatment of HCC and development of drug resistance. Materials and methods Four groups of Swiss albino rats were assigned for 12 weeks treatment as the following: group (I) untreated control, group (II): rats received Diethyl Nitrosamine(DEN) (200 mg/kg, i.p)+Carbon Tetra Chloride (CCl4)(3 ml/kg, sc) every week for the first eight weeks, group (III): daily treatment with sorafenib (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for last 4 weeks, group (IV) sorafenib treatment after DEN + CCl4 treatment. Blood samples, and liver tissues were removed for collection to perform biochemical analysis (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin D1 (CD1), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), caspase-3, and gene expression of AKT, and ERK 1/2, as well as histological examinations. Results and conclusion Administration of diethyl nitrosamine and carbon tetra chloride showed severe changes in all measured parameters and histological photomicrographs. Daily treatment with sorafenib markedly decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin D1 (CD1), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) accompanied by improvement of active caspase-3. Sorafenib succeeded in restoring the gene expression of ERK 1/2 and AKT level and refinement of histological patterns in animals induced with DEN and CCL4. Sorafenib interrupts various cell communication pathways that control cancer progression, angiogenesis, and cell survival. Sorafenib regulates the AKT/ERK signaling pathway in HCC. study highlights the importance of investigating other therapeutic targets that may help combat sorafenib resistance in relation to different DNA repair mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is ubiquitous and very commonly found in hospital settings. In individuals with weakened immune systems, it can cause a number of ailments, inclusive of lung pneumoniae, gastrointestinal infections, keratitis, otitis media, and bacteremia. It is multi drug–resistant organism which is a worrisome situation. Multi-drug resistance is due to various factors like enzyme production, target mutation, expression of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (acetyltransferases, phosphotransferases) mediating aminoglycoside resistance, biofilm formation, but, among all of these, carbapenemases being one of most clinically significant. The most clinically significant carbapenemases are the Metallo β-lactamases (IMP, VIM, SPM, NDM, AIM and GIM genes). Understanding the epidemiology, resistance mechanism, molecular features, and for infection management and to prevent a potential global health crisis, techniques for identifying Carbapenem-Resistant-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) are essential. For this review article, initial peer-review of publications from the various search engines (‘Google search engine’, ‘Science direct’, ‘Pubmed’, ‘Google Scholar’, ‘Cross references’ and ‘Scopus’) yielded a total of 97 papers. After reviewing the abstracts of the papers, 37 were eliminated and 60 were retained. Full text reading was undertaken to assess the quality of the articles, which resulted in the exclusion of 39 publications. After final peer-review screening, 17 publications were included in the study.
{"title":"Metallo β- lactamase producing pseudomonas aeruginosa: a worrisome situation to handle","authors":"Manisha Rajguru, S. Sande, Amit Khekade","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_12_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_12_23","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is ubiquitous and very commonly found in hospital settings. In individuals with weakened immune systems, it can cause a number of ailments, inclusive of lung pneumoniae, gastrointestinal infections, keratitis, otitis media, and bacteremia. It is multi drug–resistant organism which is a worrisome situation. Multi-drug resistance is due to various factors like enzyme production, target mutation, expression of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (acetyltransferases, phosphotransferases) mediating aminoglycoside resistance, biofilm formation, but, among all of these, carbapenemases being one of most clinically significant. The most clinically significant carbapenemases are the Metallo β-lactamases (IMP, VIM, SPM, NDM, AIM and GIM genes). Understanding the epidemiology, resistance mechanism, molecular features, and for infection management and to prevent a potential global health crisis, techniques for identifying Carbapenem-Resistant-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) are essential. For this review article, initial peer-review of publications from the various search engines (‘Google search engine’, ‘Science direct’, ‘Pubmed’, ‘Google Scholar’, ‘Cross references’ and ‘Scopus’) yielded a total of 97 papers. After reviewing the abstracts of the papers, 37 were eliminated and 60 were retained. Full text reading was undertaken to assess the quality of the articles, which resulted in the exclusion of 39 publications. After final peer-review screening, 17 publications were included in the study.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44498808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed R Henawy, A. Abdelhadi, Asmaa Halema, Refae Refae, Olfat Barakat
Background and Objectives Lactic acid bacteria (L.A.B.) can produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) using agricultural and industrial waste materials. This approach can prevent the harmful disposal and buildup of these wastes in the environment in addition to producing valuable products. Thirteen LAB-producing EPS isolates were selected, and the similarity and distance indices were determined between them through Rep-PCR DNA fingerprinting, and molecularly identified LAB from silage samples. Evaluation of the ability of the isolated strains to produce exopolysaccharides was carried out, in addition to the optimization of the polysaccharides from renewable resources. Materials and methods LAB-producing EPS isolates were molecularly identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and deposited their DNA sequences to NCBI. EPS production using the examined 13 strains was carried out on MRS as a standard production medium and ranged between 1.53 and 7.53 g/l. Then, the highest significant EPS-producing strains i.e., Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain LAB 64, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain LAB 160, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain LAB 192 were further examined for EPS production from the agro-industrial wastes sugarcane molasses, salted cheese whey, and their mixture. Results and conclusion The maximum EPS production by the three strains was obtained in a mixture of molasses: whey (1/1 v/v). Calcium carbonate addition to the production mixture significantly improved EPS production in almost all cases and it is important to neutralize the media. Moreover, increasing the mixture sugar concentration of the fermentation mixture from 2% to 5% enhanced EPS production by all strains. In this regard, a 2-fold increment in EPS production was achieved by the Lactic. rhamnosus strain LAB 160 22.39 g/l. The extraction and analysis of the EPS product were carried out using both FT-IR and HPLC compared to an EPS standard. FTIR and HPLC analysis confirmed the polymer as an α-glucan, which was identified as dextran through a comparison between its retention time and the retention time of the dextran standard.
{"title":"Exopolysaccharide production from agro-industrial wastes by lactic acid bacteria isolated from silage","authors":"Ahmed R Henawy, A. Abdelhadi, Asmaa Halema, Refae Refae, Olfat Barakat","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_63_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_63_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives Lactic acid bacteria (L.A.B.) can produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) using agricultural and industrial waste materials. This approach can prevent the harmful disposal and buildup of these wastes in the environment in addition to producing valuable products. Thirteen LAB-producing EPS isolates were selected, and the similarity and distance indices were determined between them through Rep-PCR DNA fingerprinting, and molecularly identified LAB from silage samples. Evaluation of the ability of the isolated strains to produce exopolysaccharides was carried out, in addition to the optimization of the polysaccharides from renewable resources. Materials and methods LAB-producing EPS isolates were molecularly identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and deposited their DNA sequences to NCBI. EPS production using the examined 13 strains was carried out on MRS as a standard production medium and ranged between 1.53 and 7.53 g/l. Then, the highest significant EPS-producing strains i.e., Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain LAB 64, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain LAB 160, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain LAB 192 were further examined for EPS production from the agro-industrial wastes sugarcane molasses, salted cheese whey, and their mixture. Results and conclusion The maximum EPS production by the three strains was obtained in a mixture of molasses: whey (1/1 v/v). Calcium carbonate addition to the production mixture significantly improved EPS production in almost all cases and it is important to neutralize the media. Moreover, increasing the mixture sugar concentration of the fermentation mixture from 2% to 5% enhanced EPS production by all strains. In this regard, a 2-fold increment in EPS production was achieved by the Lactic. rhamnosus strain LAB 160 22.39 g/l. The extraction and analysis of the EPS product were carried out using both FT-IR and HPLC compared to an EPS standard. FTIR and HPLC analysis confirmed the polymer as an α-glucan, which was identified as dextran through a comparison between its retention time and the retention time of the dextran standard.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45869572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maha Basha, Y. Shetaia, Fathy Mehaya, Fatma Abdelzaher
Background Cellulase is the most employed industrial enzyme in biological conversion of many cellulosic wastes. In this work, economic cellulase production by fungi in solid-state fermentation (SSF) by using solid wastes of medicinal plants was studied. Optimization of growth conditions for production of cellulase was the main target of this study. Objective The current study aimed to isolate and screen fungal isolates that have the ability to produce enzymes to degrade solid wastes of medicinal plant process and optimization of growth factors that affect cellulase production. Materials and methods Thirty-five fungal isolates were isolated from different sources by plating and screened for their cellulase activities using Czapek–Dox broth medium amended with 1% cellulose. Cellulase production by tested fungal isolates was carried out through utilization of olive (Olea europaea), black seeds (Nigella sativa), and castor bean (Ricinus communis) cakes in SSF. Optimization of the cellulase productivity was performed by Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and Box–Behnken design. Results and conclusion Out of the isolated 35 fungi, only 12 (34%) produced cellulase in SSF using olive, black seeds (Nigella), and castor bean cakes. Out of these fungal isolates, only 4, that is, no. 1, 7, 10, and 17 were superior in reducing sugar production from olive cakes (13.04, 15.61, 17.03, and 12.85 mg/ml), respectively. While four fungal isolates no. (1, 7, 7, and 10) were active producers of reducing sugars from black seeds (15.45, 18.96, 20, and 18.08 mg/ml), respectively. Only a fungal isolate no. 7 gave high reducing sugars (15.34 mg/ml) in castor cake SSF. The most potent fungal isolate (no. 10) produced 20 mg/ml of reducing sugars using black seed cakes as substrate for SSF. The potential fungal isolate was identified as Aspergillus terreus (OQ085169) based on the extracted fungal DNA that was amplified by PCR using specific internal-transcribed spacer primer (ITS1/ITS4). The PCR products were sequenced and compared with the other related sequences in GenBank (NCBI). The screening of seven factors using PBD showed that only three variables: pH, incubation time, and aeration rate (rpm) affected significantly cellulase production. Box–Behnken design was used to estimate the optimal level of the selected variables based on the results of the PBD. All variables increased significantly cellulase using A. terreus (OQ085169). The P value was very low (0.0207) that indicated the significant, high correlation between the predicted and actual values (R2=0.98), this indicating 98% of the variation in the cellulase activity was owing to the selected independent variables.
{"title":"Solid-state fermentation and optimization of cellulase production using local fungal isolate","authors":"Maha Basha, Y. Shetaia, Fathy Mehaya, Fatma Abdelzaher","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_30_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_30_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cellulase is the most employed industrial enzyme in biological conversion of many cellulosic wastes. In this work, economic cellulase production by fungi in solid-state fermentation (SSF) by using solid wastes of medicinal plants was studied. Optimization of growth conditions for production of cellulase was the main target of this study. Objective The current study aimed to isolate and screen fungal isolates that have the ability to produce enzymes to degrade solid wastes of medicinal plant process and optimization of growth factors that affect cellulase production. Materials and methods Thirty-five fungal isolates were isolated from different sources by plating and screened for their cellulase activities using Czapek–Dox broth medium amended with 1% cellulose. Cellulase production by tested fungal isolates was carried out through utilization of olive (Olea europaea), black seeds (Nigella sativa), and castor bean (Ricinus communis) cakes in SSF. Optimization of the cellulase productivity was performed by Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and Box–Behnken design. Results and conclusion Out of the isolated 35 fungi, only 12 (34%) produced cellulase in SSF using olive, black seeds (Nigella), and castor bean cakes. Out of these fungal isolates, only 4, that is, no. 1, 7, 10, and 17 were superior in reducing sugar production from olive cakes (13.04, 15.61, 17.03, and 12.85 mg/ml), respectively. While four fungal isolates no. (1, 7, 7, and 10) were active producers of reducing sugars from black seeds (15.45, 18.96, 20, and 18.08 mg/ml), respectively. Only a fungal isolate no. 7 gave high reducing sugars (15.34 mg/ml) in castor cake SSF. The most potent fungal isolate (no. 10) produced 20 mg/ml of reducing sugars using black seed cakes as substrate for SSF. The potential fungal isolate was identified as Aspergillus terreus (OQ085169) based on the extracted fungal DNA that was amplified by PCR using specific internal-transcribed spacer primer (ITS1/ITS4). The PCR products were sequenced and compared with the other related sequences in GenBank (NCBI). The screening of seven factors using PBD showed that only three variables: pH, incubation time, and aeration rate (rpm) affected significantly cellulase production. Box–Behnken design was used to estimate the optimal level of the selected variables based on the results of the PBD. All variables increased significantly cellulase using A. terreus (OQ085169). The P value was very low (0.0207) that indicated the significant, high correlation between the predicted and actual values (R2=0.98), this indicating 98% of the variation in the cellulase activity was owing to the selected independent variables.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shereen Mohamed, Dina El-Ashram, Enas M. Y. Elyamani
Background Bombyx mori, the mulberry silkworm, feeds entirely on mulberry leaves and is extremely sensitive to agrochemicals, even in low doses. The mulberry plantations must be insecticide-free. However, contamination by pesticides from neighboring crops occurs indirectly and harms silkworm breeding. Spinosad, a neurotoxic insecticide that acts on the nervous system of insects through contact or feeding, is the most environmentally friendly suitable bioinsecticide. It has been used to control pests in field crops. Objective In this study, the insecticide, spinosad formulation was first tested for bioassay, utilizing three different concentrations of spinosad on B. mori larvae. Second, the total RNA was isolated (isolation of total RNA) from silkworm, B. mori larvae to study the spinosad effect on acetylcholinesterase (Ace) gene expression. Materials and methods The type of insecticide used in this study is the spinosad formulation. Spinosad is available under the commercial name, Biosad 22.8% SC; the recommended concentration is 0.1 ppm. Bioassay test was done with three different concentrations of spinosad (0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 ppm). Determination of the LC values of the toxicity of three concentrations of spinosad on the fifth instar larvae of B. mori was evaluated using the mulberry leaves dipping technique. The treated mulberry leaves were offered once on the first day of the fifth instar after morning feeds, then the fresh leaves were offered during the remaining days. After 24 h of treatment, the mortality counts were recorded. LC25, LC50, and LC90 values for spinosad were calculated by probit analysis using the Ldp line software. Total RNA was isolated from entire tissues of the fifth instar larvae of the silkworm, B. mori by the standard TRIzol reagent extraction method. The complete Poly (A)+RNA isolated from insect tissues was reverse transcribed into cDNA. The sequence of primers of apoptosis is used in real-time quantitative PCR reactions to determine the expression levels of Ace-related gene. Results and conclusion Spinosad is the most economically and ecologically recommended insecticide to be used to control the agricultural pests that attack different field crops in Egypt. The toxicological effects of spinosad and its effect on the Ace gene of mulberry silkworm, B. mori were studied in this study. The results showed that treatment with 0.1 ppm of spinosad caused the highest mortality (88.9%) to the fifth instar larvae of B. mori, followed by the spinosad concentrations 0.05 and 0.025 ppm. The results showed a significant difference in LC values of spinosad on the fifth instar of B. mori. LC25, LC50, LC75, and LC90 values were recorded to be 0.008, 0.0217, 0.0536, and 0.1969 ppm, respectively. The expression levels of Ace gene in the B. mori group treated with low (0.025 ppm) and medium doses (0.05 ppm) of spinosad were increased by 141 and 396%, respectively. However, the expression level of Ace gene was increased by 657% for the
{"title":"Bioassay and expression alterations of acetyl cholinesterase enzyme gene to spinosad (bio-insecticides) on nontarget silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)","authors":"Shereen Mohamed, Dina El-Ashram, Enas M. Y. Elyamani","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_27_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_27_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Bombyx mori, the mulberry silkworm, feeds entirely on mulberry leaves and is extremely sensitive to agrochemicals, even in low doses. The mulberry plantations must be insecticide-free. However, contamination by pesticides from neighboring crops occurs indirectly and harms silkworm breeding. Spinosad, a neurotoxic insecticide that acts on the nervous system of insects through contact or feeding, is the most environmentally friendly suitable bioinsecticide. It has been used to control pests in field crops. Objective In this study, the insecticide, spinosad formulation was first tested for bioassay, utilizing three different concentrations of spinosad on B. mori larvae. Second, the total RNA was isolated (isolation of total RNA) from silkworm, B. mori larvae to study the spinosad effect on acetylcholinesterase (Ace) gene expression. Materials and methods The type of insecticide used in this study is the spinosad formulation. Spinosad is available under the commercial name, Biosad 22.8% SC; the recommended concentration is 0.1 ppm. Bioassay test was done with three different concentrations of spinosad (0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 ppm). Determination of the LC values of the toxicity of three concentrations of spinosad on the fifth instar larvae of B. mori was evaluated using the mulberry leaves dipping technique. The treated mulberry leaves were offered once on the first day of the fifth instar after morning feeds, then the fresh leaves were offered during the remaining days. After 24 h of treatment, the mortality counts were recorded. LC25, LC50, and LC90 values for spinosad were calculated by probit analysis using the Ldp line software. Total RNA was isolated from entire tissues of the fifth instar larvae of the silkworm, B. mori by the standard TRIzol reagent extraction method. The complete Poly (A)+RNA isolated from insect tissues was reverse transcribed into cDNA. The sequence of primers of apoptosis is used in real-time quantitative PCR reactions to determine the expression levels of Ace-related gene. Results and conclusion Spinosad is the most economically and ecologically recommended insecticide to be used to control the agricultural pests that attack different field crops in Egypt. The toxicological effects of spinosad and its effect on the Ace gene of mulberry silkworm, B. mori were studied in this study. The results showed that treatment with 0.1 ppm of spinosad caused the highest mortality (88.9%) to the fifth instar larvae of B. mori, followed by the spinosad concentrations 0.05 and 0.025 ppm. The results showed a significant difference in LC values of spinosad on the fifth instar of B. mori. LC25, LC50, LC75, and LC90 values were recorded to be 0.008, 0.0217, 0.0536, and 0.1969 ppm, respectively. The expression levels of Ace gene in the B. mori group treated with low (0.025 ppm) and medium doses (0.05 ppm) of spinosad were increased by 141 and 396%, respectively. However, the expression level of Ace gene was increased by 657% for the","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. El-Seadawy, Mohamed Kotp, Heba Hozyen, W. El-Nattat, M. El-Tohamy
Background The demand for using stored semen in artificial insemination programs of livestock animals is increasing. Therefore, developing and improving methods for semen preservation would provide adequate fertility rates that maintain the high production rates for rabbit industry. Several studies on preservation protocols and extender composition have been carried out. Objective The current study was designed to examine the effect of various concentrations of date palm pollen grain extract (DPPE) on postchilling quality of rabbit semen. Materials and methods Total phenolic and flavonoid substances and antioxidant activity were assessed in DPPE. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for identification and separation of goal metabolites. Semen was gathered from 10 male rabbits, grouped, and then split into five fractions (500 μl each). The first fraction represented as control, whereas DPPE was supplemented at concentrations of 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, and 2.8 mg/5 ml tris-citric extender. Extended semen specimens were cooled at 4°C for 72 h. Motile, life, abnormal, membrane, and acrosome integrity percentages of sperms were appraised in chilled semen all over the refrigeration period. Results and conclusion Total phenolic and total flavonoids contents in the DPPE were 4.15 mg GAE/g extract and 0.74 mg CE/g extract, respectively. The DPPE specimen showed various antiradical activity gauged toward 2,2-azino-bis/3-ethil-benothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (12.37 mM TE/g) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (4.06 mM TE/g). However, the reducing capacity assessed by ferric reducing activity power method was 9.19 mM TE/g/g. The most effective compounds in the DPPE were pyrogallol (4150.92 μg/g extract), ferulic acid (2935.50 μg/g extract), and rutin (2163.99 μg/g extract). The enrichment of semen extenders with 2.4 mg DPPE/5 ml tris-citric extender had preserved the sperm forward motility, sperm livability, sperm acrosome integrities, and sperm membrane integrities in an upright state during cooling till 72 h related to control treating. No adverse effects were recorded on sperm abnormalities. It could be concluded that the enriching of rabbit bucks’ semen tris-basic extender by 2.4 mg DPPE/5 ml tris-extender (the perfect and harmless concentration) sustained the sperm features in decent conditions all over a cooling period of 72 h.
{"title":"Influence of date palm pollen grain extract on rabbit buck semen characteristics throughout chilled storage period of 72 h","authors":"I. El-Seadawy, Mohamed Kotp, Heba Hozyen, W. El-Nattat, M. El-Tohamy","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_15_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_15_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background The demand for using stored semen in artificial insemination programs of livestock animals is increasing. Therefore, developing and improving methods for semen preservation would provide adequate fertility rates that maintain the high production rates for rabbit industry. Several studies on preservation protocols and extender composition have been carried out. Objective The current study was designed to examine the effect of various concentrations of date palm pollen grain extract (DPPE) on postchilling quality of rabbit semen. Materials and methods Total phenolic and flavonoid substances and antioxidant activity were assessed in DPPE. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for identification and separation of goal metabolites. Semen was gathered from 10 male rabbits, grouped, and then split into five fractions (500 μl each). The first fraction represented as control, whereas DPPE was supplemented at concentrations of 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, and 2.8 mg/5 ml tris-citric extender. Extended semen specimens were cooled at 4°C for 72 h. Motile, life, abnormal, membrane, and acrosome integrity percentages of sperms were appraised in chilled semen all over the refrigeration period. Results and conclusion Total phenolic and total flavonoids contents in the DPPE were 4.15 mg GAE/g extract and 0.74 mg CE/g extract, respectively. The DPPE specimen showed various antiradical activity gauged toward 2,2-azino-bis/3-ethil-benothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (12.37 mM TE/g) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (4.06 mM TE/g). However, the reducing capacity assessed by ferric reducing activity power method was 9.19 mM TE/g/g. The most effective compounds in the DPPE were pyrogallol (4150.92 μg/g extract), ferulic acid (2935.50 μg/g extract), and rutin (2163.99 μg/g extract). The enrichment of semen extenders with 2.4 mg DPPE/5 ml tris-citric extender had preserved the sperm forward motility, sperm livability, sperm acrosome integrities, and sperm membrane integrities in an upright state during cooling till 72 h related to control treating. No adverse effects were recorded on sperm abnormalities. It could be concluded that the enriching of rabbit bucks’ semen tris-basic extender by 2.4 mg DPPE/5 ml tris-extender (the perfect and harmless concentration) sustained the sperm features in decent conditions all over a cooling period of 72 h.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reem M. Ramadan, F. Youssef, E. Fouad, A. Orabi, M. Khalifa
Background Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are a novel macromolecule extracted from the herbal plant Astragali radix with potential biological activity such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties. Objectives The present research emphasizes on some of the biological characteristics of this product including its phytochemical screening, its effective LD50, its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoccidial, and antimicrobial activities in vitro. Materials and methods Phytochemical screening of the tested extract proved that it contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycoside components. Testing its efficacy as bactericidal versus Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus aureus its value as a coccidiocidal drug against five chicken Eimeria species oocysts and its effect on the level of DNA genotoxic damage using comet assay proved high significant efficacy (P≤0.05) in the form of marked inhibition zone of bacteria, considerable sporulation inhibition percentage in oocysts as well as high genotoxic damages in the DNA. Result and conclusion The study proved the presence of a direct relationship between the increase in APS concentrations and exposure time and the rate of sporulation inhibition and DNA damage in oocysts subjected to various doses of APS. This DNA damage was determined by marked variations in tail’s length (µm), the percentage of DNA in the tail segment, and tail’s moment were used to demonstrate this relationship (µm). In conclusion, APS proved to be a potential herbal to have anticoccidial and antibacterial attributes in controlling both infections in chickens.
{"title":"The pharmacological impact of Astragalus membranaceus against coccidial and bacterial infection in vitro","authors":"Reem M. Ramadan, F. Youssef, E. Fouad, A. Orabi, M. Khalifa","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are a novel macromolecule extracted from the herbal plant Astragali radix with potential biological activity such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties. Objectives The present research emphasizes on some of the biological characteristics of this product including its phytochemical screening, its effective LD50, its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoccidial, and antimicrobial activities in vitro. Materials and methods Phytochemical screening of the tested extract proved that it contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycoside components. Testing its efficacy as bactericidal versus Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus aureus its value as a coccidiocidal drug against five chicken Eimeria species oocysts and its effect on the level of DNA genotoxic damage using comet assay proved high significant efficacy (P≤0.05) in the form of marked inhibition zone of bacteria, considerable sporulation inhibition percentage in oocysts as well as high genotoxic damages in the DNA. Result and conclusion The study proved the presence of a direct relationship between the increase in APS concentrations and exposure time and the rate of sporulation inhibition and DNA damage in oocysts subjected to various doses of APS. This DNA damage was determined by marked variations in tail’s length (µm), the percentage of DNA in the tail segment, and tail’s moment were used to demonstrate this relationship (µm). In conclusion, APS proved to be a potential herbal to have anticoccidial and antibacterial attributes in controlling both infections in chickens.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41418917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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