H. Ahad, Haranath Chinthaginjala, Ksheerasagare Tarun, G. Reddy, A. Adam, A. Ali, J. Krishna
Background Dragon fruits (Hylocereus undatus) are popular edible fruits of desert and dry-land origin. They are rich in constituents. An attempt was made to find the optimum temperature and duration of exposure for the effective extraction of content from the fruits using Design-Export software. Aim This study aims to see what effect temperature and duration have on dragon fruit (H. undatus) extraction. According to the literature, numerous attempts have been made to extract components from fruits and other plant parts. Materials and methods The authors made an attempt to check if independent variables had an effect on the dependent response. The Design-Expert software was used to control the impact of the independent variable on the response during the experiment’s design. Alternatively, samples were positioned, authenticated, and hauled out into the water, with independent factors (temperature and exposure time) affecting the response (percent yield). Results and conclusions According to the study, 40°C is the ideal temperature to extract the substance from the fruits, and the extraction and exposure times are directly proportional.
{"title":"Hylocereus undatus fruit extraction on percent yield using Design-Expert software: a revelation for the enormousness of temperature and contact time","authors":"H. Ahad, Haranath Chinthaginjala, Ksheerasagare Tarun, G. Reddy, A. Adam, A. Ali, J. Krishna","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_97_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_97_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dragon fruits (Hylocereus undatus) are popular edible fruits of desert and dry-land origin. They are rich in constituents. An attempt was made to find the optimum temperature and duration of exposure for the effective extraction of content from the fruits using Design-Export software. Aim This study aims to see what effect temperature and duration have on dragon fruit (H. undatus) extraction. According to the literature, numerous attempts have been made to extract components from fruits and other plant parts. Materials and methods The authors made an attempt to check if independent variables had an effect on the dependent response. The Design-Expert software was used to control the impact of the independent variable on the response during the experiment’s design. Alternatively, samples were positioned, authenticated, and hauled out into the water, with independent factors (temperature and exposure time) affecting the response (percent yield). Results and conclusions According to the study, 40°C is the ideal temperature to extract the substance from the fruits, and the extraction and exposure times are directly proportional.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49259561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Lumefantrine is a widely used antimalarial agent in combination with artemether. It is poorly water soluble and belongs to the biopharmaceutical classification class II. In the last decade, various strategies have been explored for increasing its dissolution rate and oral bioavailability (BA). A literature review revealed that various approaches based on solid dispersion (SD) have been investigated for this purpose and also evaluated for their benefits in vivo. Therefore, the major focus of the present article is to review the research carried out on the SD of lumefantrine with different polymers in the last decade. This review also discusses the classifications of SD based on their molecular arrangements and the polymers or carriers used, along with their advantages and disadvantages. This review described different techniques to prepare a SD of lumefantrine and their effects on solubility, dissolution rates, and oral BA. The SD-based approaches showed promising potential for increasing the oral BA of lumefantrine.
{"title":"Recent advances in solid dispersion technique for enhancing biopharmaceutical properties of lumefantrine: an overview","authors":"Priyanka Jurel, Anuj Garg","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_129_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_129_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Lumefantrine is a widely used antimalarial agent in combination with artemether. It is poorly water soluble and belongs to the biopharmaceutical classification class II. In the last decade, various strategies have been explored for increasing its dissolution rate and oral bioavailability (BA). A literature review revealed that various approaches based on solid dispersion (SD) have been investigated for this purpose and also evaluated for their benefits in vivo. Therefore, the major focus of the present article is to review the research carried out on the SD of lumefantrine with different polymers in the last decade. This review also discusses the classifications of SD based on their molecular arrangements and the polymers or carriers used, along with their advantages and disadvantages. This review described different techniques to prepare a SD of lumefantrine and their effects on solubility, dissolution rates, and oral BA. The SD-based approaches showed promising potential for increasing the oral BA of lumefantrine.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48285582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective Carum carvi is one of the oldest-known cultivated herbs around the world. The caraway seeds are regarded as antispasmodic, astringent, and carminative, and are used in treating somatic stimulants, dyspepsia, colic, flatulent indigestion, diarrhea, and improved liver function. Tissue culture is a suitable strategy for producing large-scale plantlets with a high potential to produce superior-quality plants. Plant transformation methods help to improve food quality and help plants to resist biotic and abiotic stresses. The current study aimed to optimize in vitro propagation system and genetic transformation protocol by using the Agrobacterium-mediated method for caraway. Materials and methods The shoot tip was used as an explant. We investigated the effect of growth hormones, carbon sources, gelling agents, bacteria optical density, inoculation period, acetosyringone concentration, and cocultivation period on caraway regeneration and transformation system. Results and conclusion Maximum shoot response, numbers of shoots per explant, and shoot length were observed when placing shoot tips on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with 5 μmol/l BA (6-benzyladenin), 1 μmol/l NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid), and 30 g/l of sucrose. Gellan gum products (gelrite and phyta gel) were superior to agar products (agar and bactoagar), especially when used with a concentration of 2.5 or 3 g/l. For transformation protocol, Agrobacterium infection was maximum at an optical density of 0.8 when inoculated with explant for 5 min in the presence of 100 μmol/l acetosyringone and cocultivated for 3 days. In this study, we presented a productive technique for propagation and an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system that can be beneficial in genetic transformation and other plant biotechnology techniques.
{"title":"In vitro propagation and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of caraway (Carum carvi L.)","authors":"E. Abdallah, A. Amer, Hanaa S. Omar, M. Hussein","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_136_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_136_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective Carum carvi is one of the oldest-known cultivated herbs around the world. The caraway seeds are regarded as antispasmodic, astringent, and carminative, and are used in treating somatic stimulants, dyspepsia, colic, flatulent indigestion, diarrhea, and improved liver function. Tissue culture is a suitable strategy for producing large-scale plantlets with a high potential to produce superior-quality plants. Plant transformation methods help to improve food quality and help plants to resist biotic and abiotic stresses. The current study aimed to optimize in vitro propagation system and genetic transformation protocol by using the Agrobacterium-mediated method for caraway. Materials and methods The shoot tip was used as an explant. We investigated the effect of growth hormones, carbon sources, gelling agents, bacteria optical density, inoculation period, acetosyringone concentration, and cocultivation period on caraway regeneration and transformation system. Results and conclusion Maximum shoot response, numbers of shoots per explant, and shoot length were observed when placing shoot tips on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with 5 μmol/l BA (6-benzyladenin), 1 μmol/l NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid), and 30 g/l of sucrose. Gellan gum products (gelrite and phyta gel) were superior to agar products (agar and bactoagar), especially when used with a concentration of 2.5 or 3 g/l. For transformation protocol, Agrobacterium infection was maximum at an optical density of 0.8 when inoculated with explant for 5 min in the presence of 100 μmol/l acetosyringone and cocultivated for 3 days. In this study, we presented a productive technique for propagation and an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system that can be beneficial in genetic transformation and other plant biotechnology techniques.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48288442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nermeen Elzairy, F. Mostafa, W. A. Wahab, M. Abdel-Naby, Yasser M Ragab, A. Hashem
Background and objective Microbial levansucrase (LS) is a good source for the production of biologically active fructo-oligosaccharides and levan, which have diverse applications in pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, recent studies have focused on the enhancement of LS production through searching for potent microbial producers and optimization of the fermentation conditions. The present study aimed to use agro-industrial waste as a cost-effective carbon source for LS production and maximize the enzyme yield by optimization of the cultural conditions. Materials and methods A potent fungal producer of LS was isolated from an Egyptian soil sample that was collected from Giza Governorate at a depth of 5 cm and identified based on internal transcribed spacer identification and then submitted to the gene bank database. The production of LS by the isolated strain was optimized by evaluating the best fermentation state and agro-industrial waste to be used in the fermentation process. After that, further optimization of culture medium composition was established by two statistical designs: the Plackett–Burman design followed by central composite design. Results and conclusion The isolated strain was identified as Aspergillus niger MK788296. The first optimization approach declared that using the submerged fermentation technique and utilizing potato peels as the main carbon source led to a 2.4-fold increase in LS production. The statistical optimization resulted in a massive LS production (18870.3 U/ml) with a 59.4-fold increase in enzyme yield than the nonoptimized culture conditions.
{"title":"Remarkable improvement of levansucrase production from a newly isolated Aspergillus niger MK788296 strain using agro-industrial wastes through statistical optimization techniques","authors":"Nermeen Elzairy, F. Mostafa, W. A. Wahab, M. Abdel-Naby, Yasser M Ragab, A. Hashem","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_92_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_92_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective Microbial levansucrase (LS) is a good source for the production of biologically active fructo-oligosaccharides and levan, which have diverse applications in pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, recent studies have focused on the enhancement of LS production through searching for potent microbial producers and optimization of the fermentation conditions. The present study aimed to use agro-industrial waste as a cost-effective carbon source for LS production and maximize the enzyme yield by optimization of the cultural conditions. Materials and methods A potent fungal producer of LS was isolated from an Egyptian soil sample that was collected from Giza Governorate at a depth of 5 cm and identified based on internal transcribed spacer identification and then submitted to the gene bank database. The production of LS by the isolated strain was optimized by evaluating the best fermentation state and agro-industrial waste to be used in the fermentation process. After that, further optimization of culture medium composition was established by two statistical designs: the Plackett–Burman design followed by central composite design. Results and conclusion The isolated strain was identified as Aspergillus niger MK788296. The first optimization approach declared that using the submerged fermentation technique and utilizing potato peels as the main carbon source led to a 2.4-fold increase in LS production. The statistical optimization resulted in a massive LS production (18870.3 U/ml) with a 59.4-fold increase in enzyme yield than the nonoptimized culture conditions.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49320961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Probiotics are the most useful microorganisms for animal and human health; they are used in the pharmaceutical and food industries for many products that enhance digestion and immunity. Objective The objective of our study was to isolate, characterize, and identify a probiotic bacterial strain and determine its hypoglycemia operating parameters. Materials and methods Our research was carried out through the isolation of probiotic colonies from milk samples on MRS medium. Bacterial isolates were characterized both morphologically and biochemically. The collected bacterial isolates were tested for their low pH tolerance on phosphate buffer pH 2.0 and bile salt tolerance in MRS-THIO liquid medium. Glucose assimilation activity was tested by measuring the residual glucose concentration on MRS liquid medium at 37°C after 24 and 48 h by GOD-PAP enzymatic colorimetric method. The initial glucose concentration was 500 mg/dl. The most potent isolate was identified by methods of 16S-rDNA sequencing. Results and conclusion Twenty-one bacterial isolates were isolated and characterized. Bacterial isolates showed the highest resistance to acidic pH 2.0 and they were bile-tolerant. Results of glucose assimilation showed that there was a marked increase in sugar consumption rate after 48 h more than 24 h in most of the bacterial isolates. The top 10 isolates were selected for the testing of the rest of the parameters. Results show that no noticeable differences were observed in the consumption of glucose in the low-glucose concentration, but with more glucose concentration more glucose consumption rate differences were recorded among organisms. The top two organisms that have the ability to reproduce and consume glucose even in high-glucose concentrations were Ab 9 and Ab 2 with results of glucose residual concentration of 108 and 124 mg/dl, respectively. The phylogenetic tree showed that the most potent isolate Ab 2 was identified as Lactobacillus brevis.
{"title":"Isolation, characterization, and molecular identification of probiotics showing promising hypoglycemia operating activities","authors":"Abdel-Whhab Hegazy, A. El-Waseif, D. Maany","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_137_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_137_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Probiotics are the most useful microorganisms for animal and human health; they are used in the pharmaceutical and food industries for many products that enhance digestion and immunity. Objective The objective of our study was to isolate, characterize, and identify a probiotic bacterial strain and determine its hypoglycemia operating parameters. Materials and methods Our research was carried out through the isolation of probiotic colonies from milk samples on MRS medium. Bacterial isolates were characterized both morphologically and biochemically. The collected bacterial isolates were tested for their low pH tolerance on phosphate buffer pH 2.0 and bile salt tolerance in MRS-THIO liquid medium. Glucose assimilation activity was tested by measuring the residual glucose concentration on MRS liquid medium at 37°C after 24 and 48 h by GOD-PAP enzymatic colorimetric method. The initial glucose concentration was 500 mg/dl. The most potent isolate was identified by methods of 16S-rDNA sequencing. Results and conclusion Twenty-one bacterial isolates were isolated and characterized. Bacterial isolates showed the highest resistance to acidic pH 2.0 and they were bile-tolerant. Results of glucose assimilation showed that there was a marked increase in sugar consumption rate after 48 h more than 24 h in most of the bacterial isolates. The top 10 isolates were selected for the testing of the rest of the parameters. Results show that no noticeable differences were observed in the consumption of glucose in the low-glucose concentration, but with more glucose concentration more glucose consumption rate differences were recorded among organisms. The top two organisms that have the ability to reproduce and consume glucose even in high-glucose concentrations were Ab 9 and Ab 2 with results of glucose residual concentration of 108 and 124 mg/dl, respectively. The phylogenetic tree showed that the most potent isolate Ab 2 was identified as Lactobacillus brevis.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48401251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gehan S Georgy, Amany M Gad, H. Anwar, R. Taha, Aliaa A. M. Hassan
Background The pupae of mulberry silkworms, family Bombycidae, possess a great number of proteins that cover all of the necessary amino acids obligatory for well-being. Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the probable antipsychotic effect of pupae of mulberry silkworms in a rat model of schizophrenia prompted by ketamine on the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, the brain areas involved in neuropsychiatric complaints. Materials and methods To this end, male albino rats were classified as follows: group 1 was the control group; group 2 animals were administered 135 mg/kg, p.o. silkworm pupae for 3 weeks; group 3 animals received vehicle for 3 weeks, and ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for the last 5 consecutive days of the experiment; and group 4 was the silkworm pupae and ketamine-treated group. Results The results revealed that treatment with silkworm pupae improved the exploration of schizophrenic rats in the novel object test and almost normalized their locomotor activity in the open field test. Additionally, silkworm pupae modulated the content of catecholamines and oxidative state in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of schizophrenic rats; however, the acetylcholine esterase activity was restored in the hippocampus only. Histopathological damages caused by ketamine are partially reduced by silkworm pupae. Conclusion Our data suggest that silkworm pupae, via neurobehavioral modulatory pathway, exhibit beneficial effects against psychomimetic influence of ketamine.
{"title":"Ketamine induces schizophrenia-like condition in rats via amendment of neurotransmitters and behavior: antipsychotic effect of silkworm pupae","authors":"Gehan S Georgy, Amany M Gad, H. Anwar, R. Taha, Aliaa A. M. Hassan","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_61_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_61_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background The pupae of mulberry silkworms, family Bombycidae, possess a great number of proteins that cover all of the necessary amino acids obligatory for well-being. Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the probable antipsychotic effect of pupae of mulberry silkworms in a rat model of schizophrenia prompted by ketamine on the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, the brain areas involved in neuropsychiatric complaints. Materials and methods To this end, male albino rats were classified as follows: group 1 was the control group; group 2 animals were administered 135 mg/kg, p.o. silkworm pupae for 3 weeks; group 3 animals received vehicle for 3 weeks, and ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for the last 5 consecutive days of the experiment; and group 4 was the silkworm pupae and ketamine-treated group. Results The results revealed that treatment with silkworm pupae improved the exploration of schizophrenic rats in the novel object test and almost normalized their locomotor activity in the open field test. Additionally, silkworm pupae modulated the content of catecholamines and oxidative state in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of schizophrenic rats; however, the acetylcholine esterase activity was restored in the hippocampus only. Histopathological damages caused by ketamine are partially reduced by silkworm pupae. Conclusion Our data suggest that silkworm pupae, via neurobehavioral modulatory pathway, exhibit beneficial effects against psychomimetic influence of ketamine.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49002138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Guruvu, K. Gayathri, D. Lakshmi Lalitha, L. S. Simhachalam Kutikuppala, P. Vegi
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most prevalent bacterial infections, affecting 150 million people worldwide each year. UTIs can be caused by a variety of pathogens, but Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis are the most frequent culprits. The growth and development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are currently a major worry for the international health community. Looking for a treatment substitute could be effective in tackling this issue. The honey has a low pH (mean 4.4) value, which makes it unfavorable for bacterial growth; undiluted honey combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) shows synergistic antimicrobial effect and helps lessen infection. Aim This study was undertaken to find out the effectiveness of honey containing AgNPs in the antibacterial activity of isolated urine pathogens. Patients and methods A total of 30 patients with UTI were included through purposive sampling technique, and urine samples were collected from them. A semiquantitative approach was used to cultivate specimens of urine on MacConkey agar and blood agar. After 24 h of incubation, bacterial growth was seen on the plates. Then, colonies were counted and the number of microorganisms per milliliter in the original material was calculated by multiplying the number of CFUs by 1000. Results A total of 10 bacterial isolates were found in the 30 urine samples, and biochemical studies showed that these isolates were from three different species. The most common strain of E. coli represented 82%, followed by P. aeruginosa (12%) and P. mirabilis (6%). In all three organisms examined with undiluted honey mixed with AgNPs, the zone of inhibition was more pronounced when compared with only honey, AgNPs, and diluted honey mixed with AgNPs. Conclusion The results of the current investigation showed that multifloral honey combined with AgNPs was effective against urinary infections.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of honey in combination with silver nanoparticles on isolated pathogens from urinary tract infection","authors":"N. Guruvu, K. Gayathri, D. Lakshmi Lalitha, L. S. Simhachalam Kutikuppala, P. Vegi","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_160_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_160_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most prevalent bacterial infections, affecting 150 million people worldwide each year. UTIs can be caused by a variety of pathogens, but Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis are the most frequent culprits. The growth and development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are currently a major worry for the international health community. Looking for a treatment substitute could be effective in tackling this issue. The honey has a low pH (mean 4.4) value, which makes it unfavorable for bacterial growth; undiluted honey combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) shows synergistic antimicrobial effect and helps lessen infection. Aim This study was undertaken to find out the effectiveness of honey containing AgNPs in the antibacterial activity of isolated urine pathogens. Patients and methods A total of 30 patients with UTI were included through purposive sampling technique, and urine samples were collected from them. A semiquantitative approach was used to cultivate specimens of urine on MacConkey agar and blood agar. After 24 h of incubation, bacterial growth was seen on the plates. Then, colonies were counted and the number of microorganisms per milliliter in the original material was calculated by multiplying the number of CFUs by 1000. Results A total of 10 bacterial isolates were found in the 30 urine samples, and biochemical studies showed that these isolates were from three different species. The most common strain of E. coli represented 82%, followed by P. aeruginosa (12%) and P. mirabilis (6%). In all three organisms examined with undiluted honey mixed with AgNPs, the zone of inhibition was more pronounced when compared with only honey, AgNPs, and diluted honey mixed with AgNPs. Conclusion The results of the current investigation showed that multifloral honey combined with AgNPs was effective against urinary infections.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43191944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ahmed, M. Mwaheb, M. Elmahdi, Mohamed M. khamiss Abd elguaad, D. Eldosoki, E. Mohamed, A. Helal, S. Gaber
Objective To evaluate the effect of vitamin C on histopathological, biochemical, and immunotoxicity of chronic lead exposure in the spleen of a rat model. Methods The rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each: group I received normal saline orally as a control group; groups II and III received lead acetate for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively; and groups IV and V received lead acetate and vitamin C for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The spleen was excised and processed for light, electron microscopic, histopathological, and biochemical analyses. Quantitative assessments of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expressions were performed by real-time PCR. Results The examination of control and vitamin C with lead acetate supplemented groups revealed normal splenic architecture. In contrast, the spleen of lead-intoxicated groups exhibited degenerative changes in the spleen, with a significantly decreased expression of IL-2, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and hemoglobin (P<0.05), with significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expressions, concomitantly with increased oxidative products (malondialdehyde) and protease enzymes (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in the spleen tissues. The coadministration of vitamin C with lead for 4 weeks markedly resolved these changes. Conclusion This study may specify the efficiency of vitamin C in lead toxicity prevention in the spleen, represented by the reduced splenic harmful changes produced by lead administration.
{"title":"The effect of ascorbic acid on histopathological, biochemical, pharmacological, and immunological toxicity of chronic lead acetate exposure on the spleen in a rat model","authors":"R. Ahmed, M. Mwaheb, M. Elmahdi, Mohamed M. khamiss Abd elguaad, D. Eldosoki, E. Mohamed, A. Helal, S. Gaber","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_164_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_164_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To evaluate the effect of vitamin C on histopathological, biochemical, and immunotoxicity of chronic lead exposure in the spleen of a rat model. Methods The rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each: group I received normal saline orally as a control group; groups II and III received lead acetate for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively; and groups IV and V received lead acetate and vitamin C for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The spleen was excised and processed for light, electron microscopic, histopathological, and biochemical analyses. Quantitative assessments of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expressions were performed by real-time PCR. Results The examination of control and vitamin C with lead acetate supplemented groups revealed normal splenic architecture. In contrast, the spleen of lead-intoxicated groups exhibited degenerative changes in the spleen, with a significantly decreased expression of IL-2, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and hemoglobin (P<0.05), with significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expressions, concomitantly with increased oxidative products (malondialdehyde) and protease enzymes (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in the spleen tissues. The coadministration of vitamin C with lead for 4 weeks markedly resolved these changes. Conclusion This study may specify the efficiency of vitamin C in lead toxicity prevention in the spleen, represented by the reduced splenic harmful changes produced by lead administration.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47125495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few decades, the role of pharmacists has been shifted from medicines to patients’ care. This article is a literature review of the several published works concerning consumers’ perceptions toward community pharmacy services (CPS) from different Middle Eastern Arab countries (MEACs). To identify consumers’ perspectives toward CPS in the MEACs. Standard search strategies were adopted using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar for the published literatures (n=22) related to CPS in MEACs in the period between 2000 and 2022. All articles assessing customers’ perception towards CPS in the MEAC. Three themes were identified from the review articles: consumers’ perception toward community pharmacy practice, consumers’ perception toward the role of community pharmacists (CPs) and indicators to develop community pharmacy practice. Consumers showed varied perception toward different aspects of community pharmacy practice. The public showed good understanding toward the traditional role of CPs. Moreover, public is interested to extend the role of CPs. Several barriers were identified that limit the public from seeking medical advice from CPs.
{"title":"Community pharmacy services in Middle Eastern Arab countries: consumers’ perspective","authors":"Hisham Razzaq, S. Sulaiman, Sabin Thomas","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_162_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_162_22","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, the role of pharmacists has been shifted from medicines to patients’ care. This article is a literature review of the several published works concerning consumers’ perceptions toward community pharmacy services (CPS) from different Middle Eastern Arab countries (MEACs). To identify consumers’ perspectives toward CPS in the MEACs. Standard search strategies were adopted using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar for the published literatures (n=22) related to CPS in MEACs in the period between 2000 and 2022. All articles assessing customers’ perception towards CPS in the MEAC. Three themes were identified from the review articles: consumers’ perception toward community pharmacy practice, consumers’ perception toward the role of community pharmacists (CPs) and indicators to develop community pharmacy practice. Consumers showed varied perception toward different aspects of community pharmacy practice. The public showed good understanding toward the traditional role of CPs. Moreover, public is interested to extend the role of CPs. Several barriers were identified that limit the public from seeking medical advice from CPs.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41838360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alawiah M. Alhebshi, Fadwa Al-Sayied, O. El-Hamshary
Background Lipase is a type of hydrolytic enzyme that has several applications and industrial efforts. Lipases are used as biological catalysts to manufacture products such as food ingredients and applied in making fine chemicals. The type of lipase produced from microbes, mainly from bacteria and fungi, represents the most widely used class of enzymes in biotechnological applications and organic chemistry. Microbial enzymes are also more stable than their corresponding plant and animal enzymes, and their production is more convenient and safer, which makes them more important in commercial uses. The oily environment of vegetable oil-processing factories, industrial wastes, soil contaminated with oil, and diesel fuel-polluted soil provides a suitable habitat for lipase-producing microorganisms. Objective This study aims to detect new strains of lipase-producing bacteria from diverse sources and different areas in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the detected bacterial strains have been identified based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. The plasmid profile of some isolated bacterial strains has been detected. Materials and methods A total of 36 soil samples contaminated with fuel and engine oil were collected from different areas in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Tween 20 medium was used to detect the lipolytic activity of the bacterial strains. The isolated bacteria in this study were identified by morphological and biochemical tests and 16SrRNA. Results and discussion Results showed that 53 isolates were positive and able to produce lipase, and 15 isolates have been selected as strong lipase-producing bacteria. The sequences were submitted to the NCBI GenBank under accession numbers, accession numbers, ON360988.1 for Acinetobacter sp. (FS5), ON360990.1 for Alcaligenes faecalis (FS8), ON360991.1 for Acinetobacter baumannii (FS9), ON360992.1 for Bacillus tropicus (FS10), ON360993.1 for A. baumannii (FS11), ON360994.1 for Sphingomonas aeria (FS15), and ON360996.1 for A. baumannii (FS17). Plasmids were isolated from selected strains that showed lipase production using a plasmid-isolation miniprep. Results indicated that isolates FS6 and FS15 have no plasmids, whereas FS8 has one plasmid (≈1295.5 bp). Furthermore, isolates FS10 and FS11 have two plasmids (≈1539.3 and 1295.5 bp). In addition, isolate FS9 has three plasmids (≈1539.3, 1295.5, and 417.7 bp). The isolates showed strong lipase activity and could be good sources for the production of lipase.
{"title":"Detection and molecular characterization of lipase-producing bacteria","authors":"Alawiah M. Alhebshi, Fadwa Al-Sayied, O. El-Hamshary","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_98_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_98_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background Lipase is a type of hydrolytic enzyme that has several applications and industrial efforts. Lipases are used as biological catalysts to manufacture products such as food ingredients and applied in making fine chemicals. The type of lipase produced from microbes, mainly from bacteria and fungi, represents the most widely used class of enzymes in biotechnological applications and organic chemistry. Microbial enzymes are also more stable than their corresponding plant and animal enzymes, and their production is more convenient and safer, which makes them more important in commercial uses. The oily environment of vegetable oil-processing factories, industrial wastes, soil contaminated with oil, and diesel fuel-polluted soil provides a suitable habitat for lipase-producing microorganisms. Objective This study aims to detect new strains of lipase-producing bacteria from diverse sources and different areas in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the detected bacterial strains have been identified based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. The plasmid profile of some isolated bacterial strains has been detected. Materials and methods A total of 36 soil samples contaminated with fuel and engine oil were collected from different areas in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Tween 20 medium was used to detect the lipolytic activity of the bacterial strains. The isolated bacteria in this study were identified by morphological and biochemical tests and 16SrRNA. Results and discussion Results showed that 53 isolates were positive and able to produce lipase, and 15 isolates have been selected as strong lipase-producing bacteria. The sequences were submitted to the NCBI GenBank under accession numbers, accession numbers, ON360988.1 for Acinetobacter sp. (FS5), ON360990.1 for Alcaligenes faecalis (FS8), ON360991.1 for Acinetobacter baumannii (FS9), ON360992.1 for Bacillus tropicus (FS10), ON360993.1 for A. baumannii (FS11), ON360994.1 for Sphingomonas aeria (FS15), and ON360996.1 for A. baumannii (FS17). Plasmids were isolated from selected strains that showed lipase production using a plasmid-isolation miniprep. Results indicated that isolates FS6 and FS15 have no plasmids, whereas FS8 has one plasmid (≈1295.5 bp). Furthermore, isolates FS10 and FS11 have two plasmids (≈1539.3 and 1295.5 bp). In addition, isolate FS9 has three plasmids (≈1539.3, 1295.5, and 417.7 bp). The isolates showed strong lipase activity and could be good sources for the production of lipase.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41950476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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