P. Lokhande, Vishal Kadam, C. Jagtap, Dadaso D Mohite, R. Udayabhaskar, Perarasu Thangavelu, S. M. Qaid, Anil Kumar
Supercapacitors are known for their highpower density and excellent cycling stability, but their practicality is often hindered by limited energy density and a narrow potential window. Herein, the energy density can be enhanced by modifying the electrode material and the potential window can be expanded through the use of ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes. In the present study, Co(OH)2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Co‐G) nanocomposite electrodes was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method while IL‐based electrolyte was used as an electrolyte for supercapacitor device fabrication. Morphological analysis reveals a porous honeycomb‐like nanostructure with a vertical orientation on the rGO sheet. Electrochemical analysis of the samples is conducted to assess electrode performance, with the Co‐G electrode achieving a capacitance of 2156 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. This electrode exhibits lower electrochemical resistance than pure Co(OH)2. The synthesized material's practicality evaluated in an asymmetric device Co‐G/C//AC/C using ionic gel and aqueous gel‐based electrolytes. IL‐based gel electrolyte device demonstrated superior performance, delivering an energy density of 130 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 3860 W kg−1, maintaining 91% capacitance after 5000 charge–discharge cycles, and outperforming the KOH/PVA gel‐based device, highlighting the advantages of ionic gel electrolytes.
超级电容器以其高功率密度和出色的循环稳定性而著称，但其实用性往往受到能量密度有限和电位窗口狭窄的阻碍。因此，可以通过改变电极材料来提高能量密度，并通过使用离子液体（IL）电解质来扩大电位窗口。本研究采用简单的水热法合成了 Co（OH）2/还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）（Co-G）纳米复合电极，并使用离子液体电解质作为电解液制造超级电容器装置。形态学分析表明，在 rGO 片材上形成了多孔的蜂窝状纳米结构，并具有垂直取向。对样品进行电化学分析以评估电极性能，Co-G 电极在 1 A g-1 电流条件下的电容为 2156 F g-1。该电极的电化学电阻低于纯 Co（OH）2。在使用离子凝胶和水凝胶电解质的不对称装置 Co-G/C//AC/C 中，对合成材料的实用性进行了评估。基于离子凝胶的凝胶电解质装置性能优越，能量密度为 130 Wh kg-1，功率密度为 3860 W kg-1，在 5000 次充放电循环后仍能保持 91% 的电容，优于基于 KOH/PVA 凝胶的装置，凸显了离子凝胶电解质的优势。
{"title":"Comparative Performance of Aqueous and Ionic Liquid‐Based Gel Electrolytes in Co(OH)2/rGO‐Based Supercapacitor","authors":"P. Lokhande, Vishal Kadam, C. Jagtap, Dadaso D Mohite, R. Udayabhaskar, Perarasu Thangavelu, S. M. Qaid, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400995","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Supercapacitors are known for their highpower density and excellent cycling stability, but their practicality is often hindered by limited energy density and a narrow potential window. Herein, the energy density can be enhanced by modifying the electrode material and the potential window can be expanded through the use of ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes. In the present study, Co(OH)2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Co‐G) nanocomposite electrodes was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method while IL‐based electrolyte was used as an electrolyte for supercapacitor device fabrication. Morphological analysis reveals a porous honeycomb‐like nanostructure with a vertical orientation on the rGO sheet. Electrochemical analysis of the samples is conducted to assess electrode performance, with the Co‐G electrode achieving a capacitance of 2156 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. This electrode exhibits lower electrochemical resistance than pure Co(OH)2. The synthesized material's practicality evaluated in an asymmetric device Co‐G/C//AC/C using ionic gel and aqueous gel‐based electrolytes. IL‐based gel electrolyte device demonstrated superior performance, delivering an energy density of 130 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 3860 W kg−1, maintaining 91% capacitance after 5000 charge–discharge cycles, and outperforming the KOH/PVA gel‐based device, highlighting the advantages of ionic gel electrolytes.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuejian Wang, Hu He, Yurou Sang, Lu Han, Jialin Gu, Congshuai Cao
Predicting the electrical performance and temperature field of radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is crucial and essential before they are used in space, a common application scenario. However, building a laboratory to recreate a space environment is expensive and time‐consuming. It is also unrealistic to deploy temperature measurement probes in various components of the RTG. This article aims to establish an approach which combines finite element method (FEM) and experimental measurements in the terrestrial laboratory to solve the problem more effectively: first, using FEM to calculate the temperature distribution of RTG operating in the space; second, realizing the similar temperature distribution of self‐assembly RTG prototype (electrical thermoelectric generator [ETG]) in the terrestrial laboratory by air cooling. The subsequent measurements of electrical performance indicate that the ETG exhibits a maximum power output of 43.41 W and a maximum thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.788% in the simulated space environment, aligning well with the values obtained from FEM. This research has the potential to serve as a method for forecasting the performance of RTG in a terrestrial laboratory.
{"title":"Electrical Performance Measurement of Electrical Thermoelectric Generator by Simulating Space Cooling Conditions in Terrestrial Laboratory","authors":"Xuejian Wang, Hu He, Yurou Sang, Lu Han, Jialin Gu, Congshuai Cao","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400273","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the electrical performance and temperature field of radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is crucial and essential before they are used in space, a common application scenario. However, building a laboratory to recreate a space environment is expensive and time‐consuming. It is also unrealistic to deploy temperature measurement probes in various components of the RTG. This article aims to establish an approach which combines finite element method (FEM) and experimental measurements in the terrestrial laboratory to solve the problem more effectively: first, using FEM to calculate the temperature distribution of RTG operating in the space; second, realizing the similar temperature distribution of self‐assembly RTG prototype (electrical thermoelectric generator [ETG]) in the terrestrial laboratory by air cooling. The subsequent measurements of electrical performance indicate that the ETG exhibits a maximum power output of 43.41 W and a maximum thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.788% in the simulated space environment, aligning well with the values obtained from FEM. This research has the potential to serve as a method for forecasting the performance of RTG in a terrestrial laboratory.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alamgeer, Hasnain Yousuf, M. Q. Khokhar, Jaljalalul Abedin Jony, Rafi ur Rahman, Syed Azkar‐ul Hassan, Youngkuk Kim, Duy Phong Pham, Sangheon Park, Junsin Yi
In this article, we enhance the optical properties of hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiNx:H) thin film by optimization of deposition conditions using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Specifically, the impact of varying NH3:SiH4 gas ratios (GRs) on the optical and structural properties of the SiNx:H film has been investigated. A ratio of 1.2 results in an optimal refractive index of 2.05, a thickness of 75.60 nm, and a deposition rate of 1.01 nm s−1, achieving the highest optical transmittance of 92.63% at 350 °C. Lower ratios, such as 0.5, produce higher refractive indices up to 2.43 but with reduced transmittance and thinner films (53.67 nm at 84.43% transmittance). The bandgap of GR 1.2 at 350 °C is also calculated as 3.23 eV using Tauc's plot. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows significant variations in SiH hydrogen bonding configurations at different temperatures, affecting SiH and SiNH bond densities. These are crucial for understanding the films’ electronic and optical behaviors, with the highest hydrogen content for SiH noted at 3.30 × 1022 cm−3 at 350 °C. This research provides a detailed understanding of how precise control over GRs during PECVD can fine‐tune SiNx film properties, offering guidelines for producing high‐quality SiNx:H layer.
{"title":"Improving the Optical Properties of SiNx:H Thin Film by Optimizing NH3:SiH4 Gas Ratio Using Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition","authors":"Alamgeer, Hasnain Yousuf, M. Q. Khokhar, Jaljalalul Abedin Jony, Rafi ur Rahman, Syed Azkar‐ul Hassan, Youngkuk Kim, Duy Phong Pham, Sangheon Park, Junsin Yi","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401037","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we enhance the optical properties of hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiNx:H) thin film by optimization of deposition conditions using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Specifically, the impact of varying NH3:SiH4 gas ratios (GRs) on the optical and structural properties of the SiNx:H film has been investigated. A ratio of 1.2 results in an optimal refractive index of 2.05, a thickness of 75.60 nm, and a deposition rate of 1.01 nm s−1, achieving the highest optical transmittance of 92.63% at 350 °C. Lower ratios, such as 0.5, produce higher refractive indices up to 2.43 but with reduced transmittance and thinner films (53.67 nm at 84.43% transmittance). The bandgap of GR 1.2 at 350 °C is also calculated as 3.23 eV using Tauc's plot. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows significant variations in SiH hydrogen bonding configurations at different temperatures, affecting SiH and SiNH bond densities. These are crucial for understanding the films’ electronic and optical behaviors, with the highest hydrogen content for SiH noted at 3.30 × 1022 cm−3 at 350 °C. This research provides a detailed understanding of how precise control over GRs during PECVD can fine‐tune SiNx film properties, offering guidelines for producing high‐quality SiNx:H layer.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Punit Sharma, Ke Yang, Lian Li, Jayant Kumar, S. Karak
Spiro‐OMeTAD is a commonly used organic hole‐transport material (HTM) in MAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for achieving high efficiency. However, its hydrophilic nature compromises device stability and performance reproducibility, especially under ambient conditions. In this study, PSCs are fabricated under ambient conditions, and phase‐pure iron pyrite nanocrystals (FeS2 NCs) are synthesized and utilized as HTM. Using iron pyrite as the HTM leads to a 22% increase in device short‐circuit current density (JSC) compared to Spiro‐OMeTAD, resulting in enhanced PSC performance. This confirms FeS2 NCs as a promising HTM for PSCs. Iron pyrite improves the extraction of photogenerated charge carriers compared to Spiro‐OMeTAD, indicating a superior extraction layer. Furthermore, the longer stability of the iron pyrite layer under humid conditions is compared to the Spiro‐OMeTAD layer, as demonstrated by contact angle measurements. This improvement helps prevent humidity‐induced degradation of the perovskite layer. Transient photocurrent studies under reverse bias conditions reveal fewer defects at the perovskite/iron pyrite interface, suggesting a defect passivation effect of FeS2 NCs. This study demonstrates that iron pyrite can serve as an effective HTM to enhance the performance and stability of low‐cost PSCs fabricated under ambient conditions.
{"title":"Phase‐Pure Iron Pyrite Nanocrystals as Air‐Stable Hole‐Transport Materials for Low‐Cost Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Punit Sharma, Ke Yang, Lian Li, Jayant Kumar, S. Karak","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401155","url":null,"abstract":"Spiro‐OMeTAD is a commonly used organic hole‐transport material (HTM) in MAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for achieving high efficiency. However, its hydrophilic nature compromises device stability and performance reproducibility, especially under ambient conditions. In this study, PSCs are fabricated under ambient conditions, and phase‐pure iron pyrite nanocrystals (FeS2 NCs) are synthesized and utilized as HTM. Using iron pyrite as the HTM leads to a 22% increase in device short‐circuit current density (JSC) compared to Spiro‐OMeTAD, resulting in enhanced PSC performance. This confirms FeS2 NCs as a promising HTM for PSCs. Iron pyrite improves the extraction of photogenerated charge carriers compared to Spiro‐OMeTAD, indicating a superior extraction layer. Furthermore, the longer stability of the iron pyrite layer under humid conditions is compared to the Spiro‐OMeTAD layer, as demonstrated by contact angle measurements. This improvement helps prevent humidity‐induced degradation of the perovskite layer. Transient photocurrent studies under reverse bias conditions reveal fewer defects at the perovskite/iron pyrite interface, suggesting a defect passivation effect of FeS2 NCs. This study demonstrates that iron pyrite can serve as an effective HTM to enhance the performance and stability of low‐cost PSCs fabricated under ambient conditions.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study comprehensively evaluates the potential of biochar as a substitute for high‐rank pulverized coal in various aspects including physicochemical properties, combustion performance, environmental emissions, and application costs. Biochar, characterized by its small particle size, reduced emissions, high volatility, elevated calorific value, and facile combustion, emerges as a promising alternative fuel to pulverized coal. Despite a lower ignition temperature, biochar demonstrates superior burnout efficiency and combustion kinetics, as indicated by its lower activation energy compared to pulverized coal. Moreover, considering China's substantial energy consumption, the substitution of coal with biochar could significantly reduce CO2 and SO2 emissions, making it a viable strategy for mitigating environmental pollution. In addition, the application cost of biochar is not higher than that of pulverized coal. This study underscores the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing biochar as a sustainable alternative to high‐rank pulverized coal, offering valuable insights into cleaner and more efficient energy utilization.
{"title":"Biochar as a Sustainable Alternative to Pulverized Coal: Comprehensive Analysis of Physicochemical Properties, Combustion Performance, and Environmental Impact","authors":"Yuyan Liu, Wenqiang Sun","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401048","url":null,"abstract":"This study comprehensively evaluates the potential of biochar as a substitute for high‐rank pulverized coal in various aspects including physicochemical properties, combustion performance, environmental emissions, and application costs. Biochar, characterized by its small particle size, reduced emissions, high volatility, elevated calorific value, and facile combustion, emerges as a promising alternative fuel to pulverized coal. Despite a lower ignition temperature, biochar demonstrates superior burnout efficiency and combustion kinetics, as indicated by its lower activation energy compared to pulverized coal. Moreover, considering China's substantial energy consumption, the substitution of coal with biochar could significantly reduce CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and SO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions, making it a viable strategy for mitigating environmental pollution. In addition, the application cost of biochar is not higher than that of pulverized coal. This study underscores the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing biochar as a sustainable alternative to high‐rank pulverized coal, offering valuable insights into cleaner and more efficient energy utilization.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivy Saha Roy, Harri Taponen, Juho Välikangas, Esa Hannila, Ulla Lassi, Tapio Fabritius, Rafal Sliz
This study proposes a greener approach for electrode preparation using cyrene, a bio‐derived and fully biodegradable green solvent, as a potential N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone substitute for fabricating high‐performance nickel–manganese–cobalt oxide (NMC88) lithium‐ion battery cathodes by screen‐printing method. This study also investigates the replacement of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder with Arkema Kynar HSV1810 homopolymer, a crucial substitution for enabling the effective utilization of cyrene, addressing the solvent inadequacy associated with PVDF dissolution. Alongside the ink formulation, the electrode preparation process is optimized by investigating current collector surface treatments using plasma, ultraviolet, and citric acid to enhance substrate wetting, leading to improved printability, adhesion, and cathode layer performance. Cyrene‐based screen‐printed NMC cathodes are analyzed using various characterization techniques, including microscopy, optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, adhesion tests, and electrochemical performance tests for assembled batteries. The results demonstrate that cyrene‐based slurries exhibit improved wettability and adhesion on substrates/current collectors when surface treatments are applied. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of cells based on surface‐treated NMC88 electrodes prepared with cyrene shows adequate cycling performance and rate capability. As a proof of concept, the study presents an alternative green and sustainable approach for electrode preparation in screen‐printed Li‐ion batteries using cyrene.
{"title":"Implementing Substrate Treatments to Enhance Adhesion and Facilitate Cyrene as an NMP Alternative for Sustainable Printed Nickel–Manganese–Cobalt‐Based Battery Cathodes","authors":"Ivy Saha Roy, Harri Taponen, Juho Välikangas, Esa Hannila, Ulla Lassi, Tapio Fabritius, Rafal Sliz","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400638","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a greener approach for electrode preparation using cyrene, a bio‐derived and fully biodegradable green solvent, as a potential N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone substitute for fabricating high‐performance nickel–manganese–cobalt oxide (NMC88) lithium‐ion battery cathodes by screen‐printing method. This study also investigates the replacement of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder with Arkema Kynar HSV1810 homopolymer, a crucial substitution for enabling the effective utilization of cyrene, addressing the solvent inadequacy associated with PVDF dissolution. Alongside the ink formulation, the electrode preparation process is optimized by investigating current collector surface treatments using plasma, ultraviolet, and citric acid to enhance substrate wetting, leading to improved printability, adhesion, and cathode layer performance. Cyrene‐based screen‐printed NMC cathodes are analyzed using various characterization techniques, including microscopy, optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, adhesion tests, and electrochemical performance tests for assembled batteries. The results demonstrate that cyrene‐based slurries exhibit improved wettability and adhesion on substrates/current collectors when surface treatments are applied. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of cells based on surface‐treated NMC88 electrodes prepared with cyrene shows adequate cycling performance and rate capability. As a proof of concept, the study presents an alternative green and sustainable approach for electrode preparation in screen‐printed Li‐ion batteries using cyrene.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new type of energy conversion technology capable of transforming various forms of environmental energy into electricity. However, most of the existing spring‐assisted TENGs (S‐TENGs) are based on the vertical contact‐separation mode, which has low energy‐harvesting efficiency and insufficient research on the performance output of TENG under near‐resonant frequency conditions. In this article, a low‐cost S‐TENG with independent layer mode is designed for vibration energy harvesting. The effects of different vibration parameters and structural parameters on the output performance are comprehensively investigated. In the experimental results, it is shown that the output voltage of the S‐TENG reaches its peak at a frequency of 50 Hz, achieving ≈40 V. To validate the capability of S‐TENG in powering low‐power devices, 20 LED lights are successfully lit. It is found that the maximum output power across the external resistor of 8 MΩ is 0.4 mw. It is also investigated that the output characteristics of S‐TENG under resonance and the results showed that higher output electric power can be achieved when the vibration frequency is close to the intrinsic frequency of the S‐TENG. In this finding, the potential of S‐TENG in optimized energy‐harvesting applications, particularly in resonance‐enhanced scenarios.
{"title":"A Resonance‐Based Study of the Output Characteristics of Spring‐Assisted Triboelectric Nanogenerator","authors":"Cheng Zhang, Zhongjiang Wu, Miaoli Li, Xili Huang, Ziyun Ling","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401152","url":null,"abstract":"The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new type of energy conversion technology capable of transforming various forms of environmental energy into electricity. However, most of the existing spring‐assisted TENGs (S‐TENGs) are based on the vertical contact‐separation mode, which has low energy‐harvesting efficiency and insufficient research on the performance output of TENG under near‐resonant frequency conditions. In this article, a low‐cost S‐TENG with independent layer mode is designed for vibration energy harvesting. The effects of different vibration parameters and structural parameters on the output performance are comprehensively investigated. In the experimental results, it is shown that the output voltage of the S‐TENG reaches its peak at a frequency of 50 Hz, achieving ≈40 V. To validate the capability of S‐TENG in powering low‐power devices, 20 LED lights are successfully lit. It is found that the maximum output power across the external resistor of 8 MΩ is 0.4 mw. It is also investigated that the output characteristics of S‐TENG under resonance and the results showed that higher output electric power can be achieved when the vibration frequency is close to the intrinsic frequency of the S‐TENG. In this finding, the potential of S‐TENG in optimized energy‐harvesting applications, particularly in resonance‐enhanced scenarios.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flow control devices have garnered significant attention from domestic and international wind energy scholars. In an effort to capture more wind energy and boost the output power of wind turbines, this study incorporates flow control devices into the upstream area of the wind turbine. The study then assesses the impact of the spacing, tilt angle, and height of the flow control devices on the turbine's performance. The study demonstrates that the addition of flow control devices does lead to a notable enhancement in wind turbine power, with a maximum power output growth rate of 9.74%. The maximum growth rates for the average output power of the wind turbine due to the three factors (α, H, and Lw) are 4.20%, 3.76%, and 3.54%, respectively. The degree of influence of the three factors is as follows: α > H > Lw.
{"title":"Front Deflector Effects on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines: A Reynolds‐Averaged Navier–Stokes Simulation Study","authors":"Lidong Zhang, Zhixiang Yang, Shilin Tian, Wenfeng Li, Guoqi Chen","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400556","url":null,"abstract":"Flow control devices have garnered significant attention from domestic and international wind energy scholars. In an effort to capture more wind energy and boost the output power of wind turbines, this study incorporates flow control devices into the upstream area of the wind turbine. The study then assesses the impact of the spacing, tilt angle, and height of the flow control devices on the turbine's performance. The study demonstrates that the addition of flow control devices does lead to a notable enhancement in wind turbine power, with a maximum power output growth rate of 9.74%. The maximum growth rates for the average output power of the wind turbine due to the three factors (<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>H</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>L</jats:italic><jats:sub>w</jats:sub>) are 4.20%, 3.76%, and 3.54%, respectively. The degree of influence of the three factors is as follows: <jats:italic>α</jats:italic> > <jats:italic>H</jats:italic> > <jats:italic>L</jats:italic><jats:sub>w</jats:sub>.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wide‐ranging research has been done on ionic liquid (IL)‐incorporated conducting polymers in energy storage devices. Herein, by taking the reaction advantage of styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer with sodium hydroxide, a sodium ion having polymeric material as an electrolyte is synthesized. 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐enium acetate (DBU acetate) is prepared as an IL and added to the prepared polymer electrolyte to increase the matrix flexibility, semisolid nature, and ionic mobility inside the matrix. This semisolid sodium ion‐based electrolyte shows conductivity in the order of 10−5 S cm−1 and an electrochemical stability window of 2.52 volts with >97% of ionic transference. It also shows the diffusivity constant in the order of 10−4 m2 s−1 and ionic mobility in the order of 10−3 m2 v−1 s−1 at 30 °C. The hydrogel matrix shows a correlated type of hopping with a power exponent <1 at 30 °C with low‐energy requirement of ionic transport, that is, 0.709 eV. A high amount of capacitance is associated with electrolyte that has an insignificant electrode contribution. On behalf of these findings, SMA‐IL‐based semisolid polymer electrolyte confirms its potential for application in sodium ion‐based energy storage systems.
{"title":"Ionic Liquid‐Supported Single‐Sodium‐Ion‐Conducting Styrene‐Maleic Anhydride Copolymer for Energy Storage Devices","authors":"Rajshree Rai, Rudramani Tiwari, Dipendra Kumar Verma, Devendra Kumar, Shashikant Yadav, Km Parwati, Subramanian Krishnamoorthi","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400801","url":null,"abstract":"Wide‐ranging research has been done on ionic liquid (IL)‐incorporated conducting polymers in energy storage devices. Herein, by taking the reaction advantage of styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer with sodium hydroxide, a sodium ion having polymeric material as an electrolyte is synthesized. 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐enium acetate (DBU acetate) is prepared as an IL and added to the prepared polymer electrolyte to increase the matrix flexibility, semisolid nature, and ionic mobility inside the matrix. This semisolid sodium ion‐based electrolyte shows conductivity in the order of 10<jats:sup>−5 </jats:sup>S cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and an electrochemical stability window of 2.52 volts with >97% of ionic transference. It also shows the diffusivity constant in the order of 10<jats:sup>−4</jats:sup> m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and ionic mobility in the order of 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> v<jats:sup>−1 </jats:sup>s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at 30 °C. The hydrogel matrix shows a correlated type of hopping with a power exponent <1 at 30 °C with low‐energy requirement of ionic transport, that is, 0.709 eV. A high amount of capacitance is associated with electrolyte that has an insignificant electrode contribution. On behalf of these findings, SMA‐IL‐based semisolid polymer electrolyte confirms its potential for application in sodium ion‐based energy storage systems.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanfang Ma, Shouyan Huang, Xin Liu, Kanshe Li, Xiuzhen Ma, Zhihong Zhang, Shenting Li, Jianming Xie, Yongsheng Du, Zhenhai Fu
The lithium present in salt lakes constitutes a significant and valuable resource. There are various methods for extracting lithium from salt lake brine, but currently, they all face challenges such as high energy consumption and low utilization efficiency of lithium resources. One prominent issue is the composition of feedstock during lithium extraction, specifically determining the optimal concentration ratio (nMg/nLi value). This constitutes a critical aspect in the later stages of the extraction process, influencing the cost and efficiency of lithium extraction processes. The fundamental reason for this prominent issue is the effective control of the evaporation and concentration process of lithium‐containing brines, which is caused by the disconnection between the evaporation process and the subsequent processing and extraction stages. Therefore, considering the concentration variation patterns of Li+ and Mg2+ in brine during the evaporation process, paper employs a combination of experimental research and computational simulation. It investigates the variation of Li‐Mg concentrations and their interactions during the natural evaporation enrichment process. The research investigates changes in lithium and magnesium concentrations and their interactions during natural evaporation enrichment process of salt lake. Elucidates the mechanism of lithium migration and proposes a new lithium extraction process ‐ the ‘3 Steps 2 Units’.
{"title":"Separation Study of Magnesium–Lithium from Low‐Mg/Li Brine","authors":"Yanfang Ma, Shouyan Huang, Xin Liu, Kanshe Li, Xiuzhen Ma, Zhihong Zhang, Shenting Li, Jianming Xie, Yongsheng Du, Zhenhai Fu","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400398","url":null,"abstract":"The lithium present in salt lakes constitutes a significant and valuable resource. There are various methods for extracting lithium from salt lake brine, but currently, they all face challenges such as high energy consumption and low utilization efficiency of lithium resources. One prominent issue is the composition of feedstock during lithium extraction, specifically determining the optimal concentration ratio (nMg/nLi value). This constitutes a critical aspect in the later stages of the extraction process, influencing the cost and efficiency of lithium extraction processes. The fundamental reason for this prominent issue is the effective control of the evaporation and concentration process of lithium‐containing brines, which is caused by the disconnection between the evaporation process and the subsequent processing and extraction stages. Therefore, considering the concentration variation patterns of Li<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and Mg<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> in brine during the evaporation process, paper employs a combination of experimental research and computational simulation. It investigates the variation of Li‐Mg concentrations and their interactions during the natural evaporation enrichment process. The research investigates changes in lithium and magnesium concentrations and their interactions during natural evaporation enrichment process of salt lake. Elucidates the mechanism of lithium migration and proposes a new lithium extraction process ‐ the ‘3 Steps 2 Units’.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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