Energy technology最新文献

Thermal runaway propagation (TRP) in lithium batteries poses significant risks to energy-storage systems. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate insulating materials between the batteries to prevent the TRP. However, the incorporation of insulating materials will impact the battery thermal management system (BTMS). In this article, the influence of aerogel insulation on liquid-cooled BTMS is analyzed employing experiments and simulations. In the experiment results, it is revealed that aerogel reduces heat dissipation from liquid-cooled battery packs, leading to elevated peak temperatures and steeper temperature gradients. Simulation of battery pack discharge warming based on the 3D model shows that the result matches very well with that in the experiment., indicating a maximum temperature rise from 34.92 to 42.57 °C at 2C when aerogel thickness is increased to 5 mm, alongside a temperature differential expansion from 11.11 to 17.50 °C. Nonetheless, beyond 3 mm thickness, further increases in aerogel thickness cause negligible (<0.1 °C) temperature alterations, defining the saturation thickness of aerogel. Furthermore, maintaining consistent thickness and stacking more aerogel layers do not mitigate its detrimental effects. Interestingly, augmenting the battery's through-thickness thermal conductivity counteracts the adverse outcomes of aerogel usage.

The presented maiden experimental study introduces a novel cell position concept for a modified reversible polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with an integrated hydrogen storage (H-storage) electrode. The primary focus of the current study is to enhance the H-storage capacity of a carbon-based self-standing electrode by testing it in vertical, horizontally upward, and horizontally downward positions to meet U.S. Department of Energy objectives. The results show that the developed cell achieves the highest electrochemical hydrogen adsorption (H-adsorption) of 1.3 weight percent (wt%) in the horizontal downward position during charging, surpassing the vertical position by 36.1% and outperforming the horizontal upward position by 25.3%. The reversible rates of stored hydrogen are measured as 0.587 wt% in the vertical position, 0.781 wt% in the horizontal upward position, and 0.998 wt% in the horizontal downward position. The cell manages to deliver a peak output of 2.2 V and a maximum current of 0.5 mA during the initial discharging phase. The insights gained from this study on cell positioning are poised to inspire future research efforts aimed at enhancing hydrogen storage capacity and its reversibility.

Concentrating photovoltaic–thermoelectric (CPV–TE) coupling system is an efficient solar-to-electric technology, but the nonuniform illumination and temperature caused by the concentrated light have a significant impact on the power generation performance of the cell. This work improves the intensity distribution through the self-made birefringent prism, and further studies the effect of uniform or nonuniform illumination on the power generation performance of CPV–TE system under different light intensities and cooling conditions. The results show that the output power of PV cell at uniform illumination can achieve 14.74% higher than that at nonuniform illumination due to the decline of cell’ surface temperature difference. Meanwhile, the cooling condition can further enhance the output power of PV or TE cell, and weakens the impact of the illumination nonuniformity on the power generation performance of PV cell. Through the joint optimization of uniform illumination and 10 °C cooling condition, CPV–TE coupling system increases the output power by 15.83% at 10 kW m⁻². TE device can further enhance the output power by 46.09 mW through the thermoelectric conversion. Surprisingly, the environmental cost from CPV–TE system reduces carbon dioxide emission of 26471.01¥ m⁻² every day. The outdoor CPV–TE coupling system has a certain assistance for the practical development.

Hybrid planar-Si/organic heterojunction solar cells have garnered substantial interest due to their potential for producing cost-effective, high-efficiency devices. This study investigates the photophysical properties and application of dibenzothiophene-spirobifluorene-dithienothiophene (DBBT-mCbz-DBT) in enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Utilizing ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, DBBT-mCbz-DBT is analyzed in solutions and doped films, showing maximum absorption at 380 nm and emission at 440 nm. Notably, the photoluminescence intensity in 4,4′-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl films peaks at 40–50% DBBT-mCbz-DBT concentrations, which are selected for solar cell fabrication. Enhanced light absorption and charge transport are observed with a DBBT-mCbz-DBT layer on silicon, significantly improving device performance. The planar silicon/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (Si/PEDOT:PSS) heterojunction solar cells with DBBT-mCbz-DBT exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 14.75%, demonstrating substantial gains over baseline structures. The DBBT-mCbz-DBT layer optimizes energy band alignment, reduces recombination losses, and enhances electron transport, improving overall device efficiency. This research underscores the potential of integrating DBBT-mCbz-DBT in solar cells to achieve higher performance through simple, scalable fabrication methods.

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted substantial attention in diverse fields, including hydrogen storage, owing to their unique structural and functional properties. The diverse components of HEAs have made them a focal point in research, aiming to develop new hydrogen storage materials with exceptional comprehensive properties. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in the hydrogen storage technology of HEAs. It covers microstructure analysis, theoretical calculations, hydrogen storage performance evaluation, and other pertinent applications. Furthermore, this paper introduces diverse hydrogen-related applications while also addressing the current challenges and issues faced by researchers in the field of HEAs for hydrogen storage technology.

Battery thermal management system (BTMS) based on phase change materials (PCMs) is simple in structure while presenting outstanding performance, but the core bottleneck hindering the industrialization of which is the poor performance of PCMs’ pivotal properties. Apart from that, under extreme conditions, single passive phase change temperature-control technology apparently could not meet the demands. Therefore, modification strategies to improve PCM's pivotal properties suitable for BTMS are thoroughly reviewed. Moreover, the optimization of as-mentioned passive systems by integrating them with other active heating or cooling devices to obtain advanced active and passive full-temperature responsive capability is also summarized. Profound opinions concerning about the prospect and challenges of PCM-BTMS are given. It is expected to provide some innovative ideas for the advancement of such promising technology.

Developing an efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst is the footstone of many electrochemical energy conversion devices. Herein, a cobalt–manganese bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) is developed as an efficient OER catalyst (denoted as Co₃Mn₁ BDC). The Co₃Mn₁ BDC nanosheets demonstrate advantages in specific surface area, pore size distribution comparing with monometallic Co BDC and Mn BDC. The performance investigations demonstrate that the doping of Mn in Co-based MOFs facilitates the electrochemical area, charge transfer efficiency, reaction kinetics, and turnover frequency. As a consequence, the Co₃Mn₁ BDC exhibits a low overpotential of 289 mV at current of 10 mA cm⁻² and a favorable Tafel slope of 56.8 mV dec⁻¹ on glassy carbon electrode, which is better than IrO₂. When the catalyst is loaded on Ni foam, the overpotential and Tafel slope are further decreased to 231 mV and 50.8 mV dec⁻¹. Moreover, the Raman spectrum confirms that the Co₃Mn₁ BDC can be transformed into active CoOOH, suggesting the bright prospect in electrocatalysis devices as “precatalyst”.

Accurate shale gas reserves estimation is essential for development. Existing machine learning (ML) models for predicting gas isothermal adsorption are limited by small datasets and lack verified generalization. We constructed an “original dataset” containing 2112 data points from 11 measurements on samples from 8 formations in 3 countries to develop ML-based prediction models. Similar to previous ML models, total organic matter, pressure, and temperature are characterized as the three most significant features using the mean impurity method. In contrast to previous ML models, the study reveals that these three features are inadequate to be used to make reasonable predictions for the datasets from the measurements different from those used to train the models. Instead, the extreme gradient boosting decision trees (XGBoost) model with two more features (specific surface area and moisture) exhibits good robustness, generalization, and precision in the prediction of gas isothermal adsorption. Overall, An XGBoost model with optimal input features is developed in this work, which exhibits both good performance in gas adsorption prediction and good potential for the estimation of gas storage in shale gas development.

Drying the electrode is a crucial process in the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries, which significantly affects the mechanical performance and cycle life of electrodes. High drying rate increases the battery production but reduces the uniformity of the binder in the electrode, which causes the detaching of the electrode from the collector. Herein, a physical model that couples solvent evaporation and binder diffusion is established to study the uneven enrichment of binder during the drying process. The results indicate that the drying process at the high solvent partial pressure and in a temperature-drop situation ensures sufficient time for the diffusion of binder, which breaks the trade-off between drying efficiency and electrode quality. Based on a comprehensive correlation analysis between process parameters and drying performance, an empirical equation is established to predict binder distribution. This work could offer insights into the formation and evolution of binder enrichment in electrodes and potentially provide guidelines for optimizing the drying processes of electrode.