Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/111888
Dinesh Kumar, S. Narwal, R. Verma, G. Singh
Phytic acid, myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (InsP6), is the major form of stored phosphate in food grains and reported to contain 50-80% of total phosphorus in the grain (Gupta et al., 2015; Silva et al., 2021). Besides binding the phosphorus, phytic acid is also known as chelator of cations like Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ (Liu et al. 2005). Barley grains contain appreciable amount of minerals, but their availability is low because of the formation of insoluble complexes with phytate, a salt of phytic acid, which is also one of the main inhibitors for iron and zinc absorption in humans (Ockenden et al., 2004). Therefore, phytic acid is also regarded as ‘anti-nutritional’ factor as it reduces the bioavailability of important minerals. Although the direct use of barley as food is very limited, but the proper availability of minerals is very important for balanced nutrition specially for poor and underdeveloped populations. The major portion of barley production (60-70%) goes as animal feed and there also poor bioavailability of minerals may lead to under nutrition and thereby its consequences in animals as well. Further, chelated phosphorus ends up in the faecal matter led environmental pollution. Around 25-30% barley goes for malt industry. During malt production also different energetic and biosynthetic processes require phosphorus and other minerals (Lee, 1990). Phytic acid also show the ability to form complexes with proteins affecting their solubility and ultimately their degradation into smaller peptides. So, lower values of phytic acid and/or higher activity of phytase enzyme (which breaks down phytic acid into inositol and phosphates) are highly desirable. After barley malting, larger proportion of malt is used for brewing where yeasts do the fermentation of wort (malt extract). For fermentation as well, besides various other nutrients, sufficient availability of zinc and magnesium has been shown to improve the fermentation efficiency (Lee 1990; Rimsten et al., 2002; Dai et al., 2007; Edney et al., 2011). Therefore, irrespective of the end use of barley, be it feed, malt or food, lower levels of phytic acid is one of the important and desirable trait. This study was conducted with two objectives; first to know the status of phytic acid in Indian barley varieties and second to see if any correlation of this parameter exists with other physical traits of barley grain.
植酸，肌醇1,2,3,4,5,6-己基磷酸(InsP6)，是粮食中储存磷酸盐的主要形式，据报道其含量占粮食中总磷的50-80% (Gupta等人，2015;Silva et al.， 2021)。除了结合磷外，植酸还被称为Fe2+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+等阳离子的螯合剂(Liu et al. 2005)。大麦颗粒含有相当数量的矿物质，但由于与植酸的一种盐植酸形成不溶的复合物，它们的可利用性很低，植酸也是人体吸收铁和锌的主要抑制剂之一(Ockenden et al.， 2004)。因此，植酸也被认为是“抗营养”因子，因为它降低了重要矿物质的生物利用度。虽然直接使用大麦作为食物是非常有限的，但适当的矿物质供应对均衡营养非常重要，特别是对贫困和欠发达人口。大麦产量的主要部分(60-70%)用作动物饲料，而且矿物质的生物利用度差可能导致营养不良，从而对动物造成影响。此外，螯合磷最终进入粪便，导致环境污染。大约25-30%的大麦用于麦芽工业。在麦芽生产过程中，不同的能量和生物合成过程也需要磷和其他矿物质(Lee, 1990)。植酸还显示出与蛋白质形成复合物的能力，影响其溶解度并最终降解成更小的肽。因此，较低的植酸和/或较高的植酸酶(将植酸分解成肌醇和磷酸盐)活性是非常可取的。大麦酿造后，更大比例的麦芽用于酿造，其中酵母发酵麦芽汁(麦芽提取物)。对于发酵也是如此，除了各种其他营养物质外，锌和镁的充分利用已被证明可以提高发酵效率(Lee 1990;Rimsten et al.， 2002;Dai et al.， 2007;Edney et al.， 2011)。因此，无论大麦的最终用途是饲料、麦芽还是食品，较低水平的植酸都是重要和理想的性状之一。这项研究有两个目的;首先了解植酸在印度大麦品种中的状况，其次看看该参数是否与大麦籽粒的其他物理性状存在相关性。
{"title":"Status of phytic acid content in Indian barley (Hordeum vulgare L) varieties and its correlation with other grain parameters","authors":"Dinesh Kumar, S. Narwal, R. Verma, G. Singh","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/111888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/111888","url":null,"abstract":"Phytic acid, myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (InsP6), is the major form of stored phosphate in food grains and reported to contain 50-80% of total phosphorus in the grain (Gupta et al., 2015; Silva et al., 2021). Besides binding the phosphorus, phytic acid is also known as chelator of cations like Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ (Liu et al. 2005). Barley grains contain appreciable amount of minerals, but their availability is low because of the formation of insoluble complexes with phytate, a salt of phytic acid, which is also one of the main inhibitors for iron and zinc absorption in humans (Ockenden et al., 2004). Therefore, phytic acid is also regarded as ‘anti-nutritional’ factor as it reduces the bioavailability of important minerals. Although the direct use of barley as food is very limited, but the proper availability of minerals is very important for balanced nutrition specially for poor and underdeveloped populations. The major portion of barley production (60-70%) goes as animal feed and there also poor bioavailability of minerals may lead to under nutrition and thereby its consequences in animals as well. Further, chelated phosphorus ends up in the faecal matter led environmental pollution. Around 25-30% barley goes for malt industry. During malt production also different energetic and biosynthetic processes require phosphorus and other minerals (Lee, 1990). Phytic acid also show the ability to form complexes with proteins affecting their solubility and ultimately their degradation into smaller peptides. So, lower values of phytic acid and/or higher activity of phytase enzyme (which breaks down phytic acid into inositol and phosphates) are highly desirable. After barley malting, larger proportion of malt is used for brewing where yeasts do the fermentation of wort (malt extract). For fermentation as well, besides various other nutrients, sufficient availability of zinc and magnesium has been shown to improve the fermentation efficiency (Lee 1990; Rimsten et al., 2002; Dai et al., 2007; Edney et al., 2011). Therefore, irrespective of the end use of barley, be it feed, malt or food, lower levels of phytic acid is one of the important and desirable trait. This study was conducted with two objectives; first to know the status of phytic acid in Indian barley varieties and second to see if any correlation of this parameter exists with other physical traits of barley grain.","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124865082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/112851
D. Debnath, Sunanda Chakroborty, S. Mahapatra
In the recent times, the rapidly changing climate has transformed the host-pathogen-environment interactions considerably, leading to minor pathogens, such as Bipolaris sorokiniana, emerging as a major threat. B. sorokiniana attacks leaves, stem, sheath, root and grains of wheat which causes significant yield loss. However, lack of precise forecasting models, limited resistant cultivars and inadequate knowledge of new technologies for disease management serves as limitations in the proper management of the disease. In this article, we discuss the pathogen biology, its host range, host pathogen interactions, trend of severity, prevalence area, changing weather condition, newly reported resistant line/germplasm, gene and some other ecological sound approaches of the management.
{"title":"Spot blotch: A journey from minor to major threat of wheat","authors":"D. Debnath, Sunanda Chakroborty, S. Mahapatra","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/112851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/112851","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent times, the rapidly changing climate has transformed the host-pathogen-environment interactions considerably, leading to minor pathogens, such as Bipolaris sorokiniana, emerging as a major threat. B. sorokiniana attacks leaves, stem, sheath, root and grains of wheat which causes significant yield loss. However, lack of precise forecasting models, limited resistant cultivars and inadequate knowledge of new technologies for disease management serves as limitations in the proper management of the disease. In this article, we discuss the pathogen biology, its host range, host pathogen interactions, trend of severity, prevalence area, changing weather condition, newly reported resistant line/germplasm, gene and some other ecological sound approaches of the management.","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133280583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/119784
S. Devi, V. Singh, Naresh Anon
{"title":"Evaluation of wheat genotypes for yield potential under combined drought and heat stress conditions","authors":"S. Devi, V. Singh, Naresh Anon","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/119784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/119784","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134166222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/112810
P. L. Kashyap, Sudheer Kumar, S. Aggarwal, Noyonika Kaul, P. Jasrotia, Arun Gupta, Gyanendra Singh
Plant resistance inducers (PRI) are considered as a novel and prospective option to manage fungal diseases. They offer an improved plant protection strategy in an environmentally safe and economically sound manner. A galaxy of resistance inducing compounds of different origins have been reported and tested successfully in different plant-pathogen systems. The published literature illustrates that the mechanism of action of PRI molecules differs from other agrochemicals as they protect plants from pathogen via stimulating plant defense machinery. Moreover, resistance inducers can be integrated with biological control agents and even fungicides, which could result in reduced use of agrochemicals in agriculture. A plenty of biological control agents are identified and validated for field usages, but further expansion in product development and their effective deployment in wheat and other disease management will inevitably require in depth knowledge and understanding of multifaceted interactions operating between plant and microbe. The current review offers an overview of PRI’s that have been tested in wheat in order to activate its own defense system for attaining durable protection against fungal invasions. Additional attempts have been made to highlight the nature and applications of biological control based on different resistance inducers and their mechanism of action along with contemporary status and future developments with other measures of disease tactics in spatiotemporal manner.
{"title":"Resistance inducers and their role in reinforcing wheat defense system against fungal pathogens","authors":"P. L. Kashyap, Sudheer Kumar, S. Aggarwal, Noyonika Kaul, P. Jasrotia, Arun Gupta, Gyanendra Singh","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/112810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/112810","url":null,"abstract":"Plant resistance inducers (PRI) are considered as a novel and prospective option to manage fungal diseases. They offer an improved plant protection strategy in an environmentally safe and economically sound manner. A galaxy of resistance inducing compounds of different origins have been reported and tested successfully in different plant-pathogen systems. The published literature illustrates that the mechanism of action of PRI molecules differs from other agrochemicals as they protect plants from pathogen via stimulating plant defense machinery. Moreover, resistance inducers can be integrated with biological control agents and even fungicides, which could result in reduced use of agrochemicals in agriculture. A plenty of biological control agents are identified and validated for field usages, but further expansion in product development and their effective deployment in wheat and other disease management will inevitably require in depth knowledge and understanding of multifaceted interactions operating between plant and microbe. The current review offers an overview of PRI’s that have been tested in wheat in order to activate its own defense system for attaining durable protection against fungal invasions. Additional attempts have been made to highlight the nature and applications of biological control based on different resistance inducers and their mechanism of action along with contemporary status and future developments with other measures of disease tactics in spatiotemporal manner.","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134535167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/117107
D. Ambati, S. S. Prasad, J. Singh, Rahul Madho Rao Phuke, T. L. Prakasha, Ak Mishra, K. Sharma, A. K. Singh, G. Singh, J. Sharma, Prasanth Babu Hanumanthappa, Raghunandan Katlukor, M. Sivasamy, Paramasivan Jayaprakash, Venu Kumaran Vikas, T. Das, D. Pal, M. Patial, R. Yadav, K. V. Prabhu, Pradeep K. Singh, H. Yadav, R. Yadav, S Kumar, A. Singh, N. Jain, K. Gaikwad, Manjeet Kumar, Vaibhav K. Singh, N. Bainsla
Pusa Wheat 8802 (HI 8802), a durum wheat variety was released for timely sown, restricted irrigation conditions of peninsular India in 2020 by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Government of India. Its yield was significantly superior over the checks with an average yield of 29.1 q/ha and potential yield of 36.0 q/ha in national coordination trials. HI 8802 showed plasticity for different irrigation levels and yielded superior with significantly higher number of grain/spikes and thousand grain weights. It was found to be resistant to all the major wheat pests and diseases. HI 8802 is a biofortified durum wheat variety suitable for pasta production with high protein (12.8 %) and iron (40.4 ppm) content, which will boost the nutritional and economic security of peninsular zone wheat farmers.
{"title":"HI 8802 (Pusa Wheat 8802) a high yielding, drought tolerant and biofortifed durum wheat variety for peninsular India","authors":"D. Ambati, S. S. Prasad, J. Singh, Rahul Madho Rao Phuke, T. L. Prakasha, Ak Mishra, K. Sharma, A. K. Singh, G. Singh, J. Sharma, Prasanth Babu Hanumanthappa, Raghunandan Katlukor, M. Sivasamy, Paramasivan Jayaprakash, Venu Kumaran Vikas, T. Das, D. Pal, M. Patial, R. Yadav, K. V. Prabhu, Pradeep K. Singh, H. Yadav, R. Yadav, S Kumar, A. Singh, N. Jain, K. Gaikwad, Manjeet Kumar, Vaibhav K. Singh, N. Bainsla","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/117107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/117107","url":null,"abstract":"Pusa Wheat 8802 (HI 8802), a durum wheat variety was released for timely sown, restricted irrigation conditions of peninsular India in 2020 by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Government of India. Its yield was significantly superior over the checks with an average yield of 29.1 q/ha and potential yield of 36.0 q/ha in national coordination trials. HI 8802 showed plasticity for different irrigation levels and yielded superior with significantly higher number of grain/spikes and thousand grain weights. It was found to be resistant to all the major wheat pests and diseases. HI 8802 is a biofortified durum wheat variety suitable for pasta production with high protein (12.8 %) and iron (40.4 ppm) content, which will boost the nutritional and economic security of peninsular zone wheat farmers.","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129179153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/119850
Arpit Gaur, Deepti Sharma, S. Sheoran, Sulekha Chahal, K. Chaudhary, Gyanendra Singh, Gyanendra Singh
Role of Water Soluble Carbohydrates in Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Abstract Abiotic factors such as drought and heat stress impairs photosynthetic assimilates, shortening the carbon supply to the developing grains leads to yield loss. Under water stress, stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) mainly fructans, play an important role in buffering yield during the grain filling period in wheat. The stem WSCs may contribute up to 20% of the total dry weight of grain under irrigated conditions and upto 70% of grain dry matter under drought stress. Additionally, it maintains physiological balance under water-stressed conditions by acting as signalling molecules to various phytochemicals and hormones. Therefore, this drought adaptive trait can be a potential breeding target for sustainable wheat production, especially for water limiting conditions. Despite the proven contribution of stem WSCs to water-stress tolerance in wheat and compensating grain yield, a comprehensive review on this trait is still missing in the literature. With this review, efforts are made to compile the available information on the physiological, genetic and molecular aspects of accumulation and remobilisation of stem WSCs to bring more attention of plant scientists to this trait. Furthermore, effective molecular marker systems such as KASP to target stable loci identified using GWAS, QTL or meta-QTL studies may bring precision to the selection and accelerate the WSCs based wheat breeding program.
{"title":"Role of Water Soluble Carbohydrates in Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat: An Overview","authors":"Arpit Gaur, Deepti Sharma, S. Sheoran, Sulekha Chahal, K. Chaudhary, Gyanendra Singh, Gyanendra Singh","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/119850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/119850","url":null,"abstract":"Role of Water Soluble Carbohydrates in Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Abstract Abiotic factors such as drought and heat stress impairs photosynthetic assimilates, shortening the carbon supply to the developing grains leads to yield loss. Under water stress, stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) mainly fructans, play an important role in buffering yield during the grain filling period in wheat. The stem WSCs may contribute up to 20% of the total dry weight of grain under irrigated conditions and upto 70% of grain dry matter under drought stress. Additionally, it maintains physiological balance under water-stressed conditions by acting as signalling molecules to various phytochemicals and hormones. Therefore, this drought adaptive trait can be a potential breeding target for sustainable wheat production, especially for water limiting conditions. Despite the proven contribution of stem WSCs to water-stress tolerance in wheat and compensating grain yield, a comprehensive review on this trait is still missing in the literature. With this review, efforts are made to compile the available information on the physiological, genetic and molecular aspects of accumulation and remobilisation of stem WSCs to bring more attention of plant scientists to this trait. Furthermore, effective molecular marker systems such as KASP to target stable loci identified using GWAS, QTL or meta-QTL studies may bring precision to the selection and accelerate the WSCs based wheat breeding program.","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133919260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/113965
Pooja Swami, R. Munjal, K. Deswal
Earth sustains life due to the presence of the photosynthesis process that produced food for other organisms on our planet. But rapidly changing climate of most of the continents results in losses to photosynthetic machinery that ultimately lead to threatening food security worldwide. The major limiting factor in plant growth is abiotic stresses which are thought to become more severe in near future also unabated increase in the world population the future potential yield of commercial crops is under serious threat. The global food demand is expected to double in the coming years. The reduction of photosynthetic capability of various crops due to various abiotic stresses factors like heat, salinity, drought, high light, and heavy metal are gathered to understand the mechanism of stress tolerance and wider adaptability of different crops. We highlight the impact of various abiotic stresses on the performance of the photosynthetic process in crop plants. Further, we reviewed the different new generation solutions for photosynthesis improvements include improving enzyme (Rubisco) kinetic properties, C4 pathway into C3 crops, reducing photorespiration, canopy architecture, light capture, and photosynthetic models approaches also we have reviewed the role of genetic engineering crops with improved photosynthesis process that withstand and provide significant yields under environmental stresses. A better understanding of the photosynthetic process under stress conditions could support the development of new crops with higher yields even under adverse environments.
{"title":"Targeting Photosynthesis Under Abiotic Stress","authors":"Pooja Swami, R. Munjal, K. Deswal","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/113965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/113965","url":null,"abstract":"Earth sustains life due to the presence of the photosynthesis process that produced food for other organisms on our planet. But rapidly changing climate of most of the continents results in losses to photosynthetic machinery that ultimately lead to threatening food security worldwide. The major limiting factor in plant growth is abiotic stresses which are thought to become more severe in near future also unabated increase in the world population the future potential yield of commercial crops is under serious threat. The global food demand is expected to double in the coming years. The reduction of photosynthetic capability of various crops due to various abiotic stresses factors like heat, salinity, drought, high light, and heavy metal are gathered to understand the mechanism of stress tolerance and wider adaptability of different crops. We highlight the impact of various abiotic stresses on the performance of the photosynthetic process in crop plants. Further, we reviewed the different new generation solutions for photosynthesis improvements include improving enzyme (Rubisco) kinetic properties, C4 pathway into C3 crops, reducing photorespiration, canopy architecture, light capture, and photosynthetic models approaches also we have reviewed the role of genetic engineering crops with improved photosynthesis process that withstand and provide significant yields under environmental stresses. A better understanding of the photosynthetic process under stress conditions could support the development of new crops with higher yields even under adverse environments.","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"87 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120820712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/118847
Mahabeer Singh, Omkar Chaudhary
efficacy of flubendiamide 20WG against rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) Abstract Rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) and yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) are the two major insect pests of rice causing considerable damage in India. Various strategies have been employed for managing these insect pests and insecticides as chemical control factors are the first line of defense. Thus, identification of new molecules with selective properties, novel mode of action, low toxicity to non-targets and environmental safety is required with a view of sustainable pest management. A number of novel insecticides have been registered for insect control in agriculture. A major advantage of these insecticides is that they act on insect biological processes and also have greater selectivity to target specific species. Therefore, flubendiamide 20 WG was evaluated at farmers , field in basmati rice during Kharif , 2020 to access its efficacy against rice leaf folder and yellow stem borer. Foliar spray of flubendiamide 20 WG @ 25 g a.i. ha -1 effectively reduced the infestation of rice leaf folder and yellow stem borer. Foliar application of flubendiamide 20 WG (25g a.i. ha - 1 ) did not cause any phyto toxicity symptoms on the crop. Average grain yield (37.14 q ha -1 ) was observed in twice foliar application of flubendiamide 20 WG @ 25 gm a.i. ha -1 as compared to control (32.24 q ha -1 ).
摘要稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Guenee)和黄茎螟(Scirpophaga incertulas, Walker)是印度危害较大的两大水稻害虫。由于化学控制因素是第一道防线，人们采用了各种策略来管理这些害虫和杀虫剂。因此，从害虫可持续管理的角度出发，需要鉴定具有选择性、新的作用方式、对非目标低毒性和环境安全的新分子。许多新型杀虫剂已被登记用于农业害虫防治。这些杀虫剂的一个主要优点是它们作用于昆虫的生物过程，并且对特定物种有更大的选择性。因此，在2020年哈里夫期间，对农民田间的巴斯马提水稻进行了氟虫胺20wg评估，以了解其对水稻叶折虫和黄茎螟的防治效果。氟虫胺20 WG @ 25 g a.i. ha -1叶面喷施可有效减少水稻叶折虫和黄茎螟的侵染。叶面施用氟苯二胺20wg (25g a.i. ha - 1)未对作物产生任何植物毒性症状。与对照(32.24 q ha -1)相比，两次叶面施用氟苯双胺20 WG @ 25 gm a.i. ha -1的平均籽粒产量为37.14 q ha -1。
{"title":"Field efficacy of flubendiamide 20WG against rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) and yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in basmati rice","authors":"Mahabeer Singh, Omkar Chaudhary","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/118847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/118847","url":null,"abstract":"efficacy of flubendiamide 20WG against rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) Abstract Rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) and yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) are the two major insect pests of rice causing considerable damage in India. Various strategies have been employed for managing these insect pests and insecticides as chemical control factors are the first line of defense. Thus, identification of new molecules with selective properties, novel mode of action, low toxicity to non-targets and environmental safety is required with a view of sustainable pest management. A number of novel insecticides have been registered for insect control in agriculture. A major advantage of these insecticides is that they act on insect biological processes and also have greater selectivity to target specific species. Therefore, flubendiamide 20 WG was evaluated at farmers , field in basmati rice during Kharif , 2020 to access its efficacy against rice leaf folder and yellow stem borer. Foliar spray of flubendiamide 20 WG @ 25 g a.i. ha -1 effectively reduced the infestation of rice leaf folder and yellow stem borer. Foliar application of flubendiamide 20 WG (25g a.i. ha - 1 ) did not cause any phyto toxicity symptoms on the crop. Average grain yield (37.14 q ha -1 ) was observed in twice foliar application of flubendiamide 20 WG @ 25 gm a.i. ha -1 as compared to control (32.24 q ha -1 ).","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132040942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/113997
Kunta Mounika, D. Shivani, F. Jabeen, Kasarla Chaitanya, Mushyam Chiranjeevi, L. V. Rao, R. Sundaram, A. Fiyaz
The investigation was carried out in fifty elite rice genotypes to understand the association among the yield and yield related components, their direct and indirect effects on the grain yield using correlation and path analysis and the genetic divergence was assessed using multivariate analysis. Significant differences were observed among all the genotypes for the traits studied. High amount of heritability and genetic advance were observed for plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle weight and number of filled grains per panicle. Character association at both genotypic and phenotypic level revealed significant positive association of grain yield per plant with test weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of productive tillers had highest direct positive effect on grain yield per plant followed by plant height and panicle length. Principal component analysis showed that a cumulative variance of 45% from PC1 attributed by number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant and days to fifty percent flowering would be beneficial in contributing to the total morphological diversity. The cluster analysis based on euclidean distance and neighbor joining method grouped the genotypes into six clusters. Cluster II constituted maximum number of genotypes (n=15) followed by cluster VI with ten genotypes. Thus the traits which contribute to maximum divergence can be focused in selection and divergent genotypes present in the different clusters can be utilized for further improvement in future breeding programmes. analysis and association for morphological traits elite
{"title":"Multivariate analysis and character association for agro-morphological traits in elite rice germplasm","authors":"Kunta Mounika, D. Shivani, F. Jabeen, Kasarla Chaitanya, Mushyam Chiranjeevi, L. V. Rao, R. Sundaram, A. Fiyaz","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/113997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/113997","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was carried out in fifty elite rice genotypes to understand the association among the yield and yield related components, their direct and indirect effects on the grain yield using correlation and path analysis and the genetic divergence was assessed using multivariate analysis. Significant differences were observed among all the genotypes for the traits studied. High amount of heritability and genetic advance were observed for plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle weight and number of filled grains per panicle. Character association at both genotypic and phenotypic level revealed significant positive association of grain yield per plant with test weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of productive tillers had highest direct positive effect on grain yield per plant followed by plant height and panicle length. Principal component analysis showed that a cumulative variance of 45% from PC1 attributed by number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant and days to fifty percent flowering would be beneficial in contributing to the total morphological diversity. The cluster analysis based on euclidean distance and neighbor joining method grouped the genotypes into six clusters. Cluster II constituted maximum number of genotypes (n=15) followed by cluster VI with ten genotypes. Thus the traits which contribute to maximum divergence can be focused in selection and divergent genotypes present in the different clusters can be utilized for further improvement in future breeding programmes. analysis and association for morphological traits elite","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"78 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120870619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2022/119650
Vikramjit Singh, P. Kapoor, Ashwani Kumar, R. K. Sharma
Bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi has been reported from nearly all rice-growing countries across the world, and it has become a serious threat issue in Asian countries. The disease incidence is especially high on the varieties Pusa Basmati 1121 and Pusa Basmati 1509, which are gaining popularity throughout the country, particularly in Punjab and Haryana due to its superior grain quality. It is responsible for high yield losses ranging from 3.0-95.4% and its prevalence varies depending on the region and cultivars used. The typical and distinguished symptoms of the disease are elongation and rotting of rice plants. This disease is seed borne and soil borne in nature and become more prevalent in rice-growing areas around the world in recent years. Seed treatment with fungicides is currently the most important disease management approach utilized worldwide. A systematic study of how the disease develops under the influence of variable climatic conditions is necessary to manage this emerging disease efficiently, and good management measures can help us conquer it in the future.
{"title":"Bakanae Disease - A Serious threat to Basmati Rice Production in India","authors":"Vikramjit Singh, P. Kapoor, Ashwani Kumar, R. K. Sharma","doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/119650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2022/119650","url":null,"abstract":"Bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi has been reported from nearly all rice-growing countries across the world, and it has become a serious threat issue in Asian countries. The disease incidence is especially high on the varieties Pusa Basmati 1121 and Pusa Basmati 1509, which are gaining popularity throughout the country, particularly in Punjab and Haryana due to its superior grain quality. It is responsible for high yield losses ranging from 3.0-95.4% and its prevalence varies depending on the region and cultivars used. The typical and distinguished symptoms of the disease are elongation and rotting of rice plants. This disease is seed borne and soil borne in nature and become more prevalent in rice-growing areas around the world in recent years. Seed treatment with fungicides is currently the most important disease management approach utilized worldwide. A systematic study of how the disease develops under the influence of variable climatic conditions is necessary to manage this emerging disease efficiently, and good management measures can help us conquer it in the future.","PeriodicalId":115793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cereal Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128260746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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